Txhim kho cov phab ntsa cib: thev naus laus zis thiab khoom siv. Txhaum hauv ib phab ntsa cib

Cov txheej txheem:

Txhim kho cov phab ntsa cib: thev naus laus zis thiab khoom siv. Txhaum hauv ib phab ntsa cib
Txhim kho cov phab ntsa cib: thev naus laus zis thiab khoom siv. Txhaum hauv ib phab ntsa cib
Anonim

Qee zaum, cov kab nrib pleb ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg pib tshwm rau ntawm phab ntsa cib, los ntawm me me thiab tsis tshua pom tau mus rau qhov "kev swb". Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv ntawm cov masonry, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa cib. Txoj kev ua kom sai li sai tau, qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev yuav sawv hauv qhov kawg. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tej hauj lwm no tsis yog ib qho kev cais, tab sis yog ib tug complex thiab loj-scale xwm. Tab sis ua ntej nws tsim nyog qhia meej tias qhov ua rau ua rau lub tsev puas tsuaj.

Tseem ceeb kom ceev faj

Brick yog nrov heev tsis yog ntawm cov kws tsim khoom, tab sis kuj yog cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Txhua lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv no tau pom tias muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha, thiab cov qauv siv tau ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog banal tib neeg tsis muaj peev xwm, txawm tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab rau nws.

Txhaum hauv ib phab ntsa cib
Txhaum hauv ib phab ntsa cib

Yog tias pom pom tias muaj kev puas tsuaj, ntxiv dag zog rau lub pob zeb kom sai li sai tau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim loj. Cov paib hauv qab no suav tias yog vim li cas rau kev kho:

  • muaj kab nrib pleb ntawm phab ntsa;
  • txheej kab ntawm masonry;
  • ntog ntawm cov cement mortar los ntawm tawg;
  • kev sib txawv ntawm phab ntsa saum npoo los ntawm qhov muab ntsug, uas yog qhov pom kev pom zoo heev;
  • kev puas tsuaj cuam tshuam rau ib tus neeg masonry ntsiab.

Raws li txoj cai, cov paib no tsis yog cuam tshuam nrog phab ntsa xwb, tab sis lawv lub xub ntiag qhia txog teeb meem ntawm lub tsev tag nrho. Piv txwv li, qhov kev hloov ntawm brickwork qhia meej meej tias cov qauv ntawm lub hauv paus yog tawg vim yog qhov ntau tshaj ntawm qhov tso cai load ntawm cov kabmob ntawm cov qauv.

Nyob rau hauv qhov no, ua ntej kho cov phab ntsa, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau txais cov lus qhia los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim kho. Raws li qhov chaw kawg, hu rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm vaj tsev hauv zos.

Kev puas tsuaj

Peb tau paub txog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb, tab sis dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim txaus ntshai? Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm phab ntsa cib nrog cov hlau phaj (los yog lwm txoj hauv kev) yog nyob rau hauv kev siv cov khoom siv tsis zoo hauv kev tsim kho, suav nrog cov cement mortar. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov laj thawj hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam:

  • yuam kev ntawm theem tsim ntawm lub tsev;
  • tsis raug kev xam hauv paus;
  • kev tsim khoom nyob sib ze;
  • txuag cov khoom siv hauv tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlua khi;
  • poob zoo brickwork;
  • force majeure.

Raws li kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob zeb ntawm cov phab ntsa, qhov kev ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem ua tau siv cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv.

Yog vim li cas rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm brickwork
Yog vim li cas rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm brickwork

Qee ntawm lawv yuav zoo li tshiab. Tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv tau.

Txoj kev txhim kho brickwork

Qhov kev tshwm sim no yog ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov qauv. Thiab yog tias koj muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa cib, koj tuaj yeem rov qab kho qhov chaw, uas qhov poob ntawm lub zog nce mus txog 50%. Thiab kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov cai thiab cov cai ntawm theem ntawm kev tsim kho qhov chaw.

Tib lub sijhawm, kev saib xyuas ntxiv yog them rau cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov qauv, vim tias yog tias lawv poob lawv cov peev txheej, lub tsev yuav inevitably pib vau. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj twb pom lawm, ces yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd.

Yog qhov teeb meem ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau phab ntsa nws tus kheej, ces muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ntxiv dag zog rau nws. Ntawm lawv, cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj siv cov clips tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom sib xyaw. Xav txog yuav ua li cas, qhov tseeb, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa sab nraud, hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv. Tab sis ua ntej, cia peb kov qhov teeb meem ntawm kev kho lub hauv paus.

Yog tias pom qhov tawg ntawm lub cib ntsa ntawm lub tsev ntawm nws qhov siab tag nrho, ces qhov no yog qhov pom tseeb ntawm qhov sib txawvlub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau nws, uas yog ntshaw kom ua sai li sai tau. Cov haujlwm no tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

  1. Pib nrog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khawb ib lub trench rov qab rau thaj chaw puas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws qhov dav yuav tsum zoo ib yam rau qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus, tab sis nws qhov tob yuav tsum me ntsis loj dua.
  2. Tseem puas ntawm lub hauv paus yog twitching nrog stitching.
  3. Ntxiv mus, thaj chaw no yog drilled, thiab rov ua dua, tom qab ntawd cov anchors tau muab tso rau hauv increments ntawm 0, 6 - 1 meter.
  4. Cov fasteners no tau txuas nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev xaws thiab vuam.
  5. Tam sim no nws tseem yuav ua rau formwork thiab ncuav lub hauv paus reinforcing. Ua tsaug rau protruding anchors thiab reinforcing tuav, ib daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim nrog lub qub foundation.

Tom qab lub hauv paus muaj zog, nws yog lub sijhawm los pib sim cov haujlwm ua tiav. Ua li no, muab cov ntawv nplaum rau ntawm phab ntsa (koj tuaj yeem nyob ntawm kaum tsev).

Txhaj ntawm masonry
Txhaj ntawm masonry

Thiab tom qab ib ntus lawv tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw, tsis tau txav, ces koj tuaj yeem pib txhim kho lub masonry.

Txhob qhib qhib

Ntxiv rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob zeb, cov qhov rooj tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, vim qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev xav tau sib txawv:

  • Deformation tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam uas peb twb tau kov lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa lub qhov rooj, nyob hauv lub tsev zoo li tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb.
  • Kev hloov kho. Qee zaum koj yuav tsum taunruab qhov rais ntxiv lossis qhov rooj qhib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ntxiv dag zog rau lawv yog yooj yim indispensable.

Ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub qhov rooj, tsis yog tsuas yog cov tsos ntawm cov qauv txhim kho, tab sis qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov qauv siv yav tom ntej. Qhov kev ntsuas no yuav tsum muaj kev lav phib xaub thiab yeej yuav tsis zam qhov tsis saib xyuas.

Txhim kho qhov qhib hauv phab ntsa cib tuaj yeem ua tiav siv U-shaped hlau profile (channel), ces kaum, lossis ob qho tib si. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev xaiv ntawm ib lossis lwm txoj kev yuav nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim thiab cov phab ntsa uas yuav ntxiv dag zog. Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog cov kabmob nto, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab ntau zog. Txwv tsis pub, lub cev qhuav dej yog inevitable.

Txoj kab rov tav jumper

Ua ntej koj yuav tsum ua strobes rau cov channel, uas yog los ntawm seam ntawm lub masonry. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau profile raug xaiv raws li qhov siab ntawm qhov qhib, faib los ntawm 2, thiab ntxiv 15 cm. Thaum lub sij hawm tso, nws tsim nyog siv cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog rau cov qauv kev txhawb nqa. Qhov chaw txhawb nqa ntawm txhua channel yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 250 mm. Raws li qhov tob ntawm cov niches, nws yuav sib npaug rau cov thickness ntawm cov hlau profile.

Txhim kho qhov qhib hauv phab ntsa cib
Txhim kho qhov qhib hauv phab ntsa cib

Tom qab ua strobes, koj yuav tsum pib ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev cib nrog cov hlua. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ib qho kev xyaum ntev yog muab tso rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau profile (ntawm ob sab) thiab los ntawm lub qhov yog ua nrog lub laum ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm qhov qhib. Tom qab ntawd, lwm channel yog siv rau sab rov qab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuavlub qhov nyob rau hauv nws thiab cov phab ntsa coincided. Tam sim no nws tseem txuas ob lub ntsiab lus txhawb nqa nrog thauj tog rau nkoj bolts raws qhov ua ntej ua ntej.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsim nyog txuas ob qho tib si hlau profiles nrog transverse daim hlau los ntawm vuam. Tam sim no tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov plag tsev thiab phab ntsa yuav raug coj los ntawm qhov ua tiav crossbar.

Reinforced Concrete Belt

Tam sim no cia peb kov cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau cov masonry siv cov hlua hlau. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv nyiaj txiag rau kev kho cov khoom thauj khoom ntawm lub tsev. Nws tsis siv sijhawm ntau los ua haujlwm, tab sis muaj ib qho tsis zoo. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv nce lub load ntawm lub hauv paus.

Cov kev txwv hauv qab no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:

  • Clip thickness yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 40mm thiab 120mm.
  • Rau kev hloov pauv, A240 / AI tuav tau coj nrog lub suab ntawm 150 mm (tsis muaj ntxiv).
  • For longitudinal reinforcement - class A240-A400/AI, AII, AIII.
  • Kub sib tov yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog chav kawm 10.

Txhawm rau tsim cov pob zeb ntxiv "lub tsho", nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab lub zog mesh nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig, kho nws ntawm masonry nrog clamps. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho cov phab ntsa cib, tig mus, yuav txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau yam:

  • masonry condition;
  • pob zeb muaj zog;
  • load siv;
  • reinforcement feem pua.

Cov qauv tsim tawm yuav coj ib feem ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm nws tus kheej, thaum tso cov masonry nws tus kheej (tsis yog kiag li, tau kawg). Yog tias txheej txheej txheej ntawm lub casing tsis ntau tshaj 40 mm, ces lub filling yog nqa tawmpneumoconcrete ua raws li kev kho.

brick phab ntsa reinforcement technology
brick phab ntsa reinforcement technology

Txwv tsis pub (txog 120 hli), cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia yog muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig, thiab nrog rau tag nrho qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw kom muaj zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov rau txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau tso rau hauv nws. Tam sim no nws tseem tab tom tig rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

Txoj kev txhawb nqa

Koj tuaj yeem rov qab tau lub zog ntawm qhov chaw puas tsuaj tsis yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov hlau strips, tab sis kuj nrog kev pab los ntawm ib qho kev txhawb zog mesh lossis thav duab. Txoj kev ntxiv dag zog no tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob muaj cov tsos mob me me. Xav txog yuav ua li cas koj tuaj yeem siv lub mesh reinforcing. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

  1. Qhov yog tsim rau thauj tog rau nkoj fastening lossis los ntawm studs.
  2. Lub tawb txhawb nqa tau kho siv cov khoom tuav thiab vuam.
  3. Qhov chaw puas yog cemented nrog mortar qib M100 (los yog ntau dua), tom qab ntawd cov ncuav yuav tsum tau tso cai kom qhuav.
  4. Thaj chaw yog plastered nrog cov cement-xuab zeb sib tov los txhim kho lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txheej thickness yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 20-40 mm.
  5. txhawm rau txhim kho cov fab, nws tsim nyog kho cov pas nrig nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 6 hli raws qhov siab ntawm cov ces kaum hauv increments ntawm 250-300 mm.

Raws li kev teeb tsa ntawm daim phiaj, nws tuaj yeem ua ib sab lossis ob sab. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, anchors nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 6 mus rau 8 hli yog siv los ua fixators, uas yog fastened txhua txhua 500-800 hli. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav xav tau cov fasteners thicker (10-12 hli), cov kauj ruam installation, feem, kuj yuav loj - los ntawm 1000 mus rau1200 hli.

Txhawb nqa cov qauv

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov brickwork ntawm lub tsev pib vau (thaum poob verticality), ces txoj kev tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem no yuav ntxiv dag zog rau lub cib ntsa los ntawm erecting ib tug txhawb nqa. Perpendicular mus rau lub masonry, ib tug txhawb nqa phab ntsa los yog ob peb txuas, nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Kev tsim kho tshuab tsim nyog
Kev tsim kho tshuab tsim nyog

Cov qauv kev txhawb nqa tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv (daim duab peb sab lossis trapezoid). Raws li rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv kev txhawb zog ntxiv, nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev txwv ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb. Hauv qhov no, cov hauv paus lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tau khi ua ke nrog cov thauj tog rau nkoj.

Composite reinforcement

Qhov no tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog txoj hauv kev tshiab los txhawb kev cib. Ntawm qhov sib tsoo, cov ntaub pua tsev, cov ntaub nplaum, cov nets raug txuas, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog raws li fiberglass lossis carbon. Epoxy lossis cement nplaum yog siv los ua kua nplaum.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplooj ntawv sib xyaw yog tias lawv ntau zaus sib dua thiab muaj zog dua li cov hlau! Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, kev siv cov khoom siv tsis zoo li hauv Western lub tebchaws. Nyob ntawd, cov thev naus laus zis zoo li no tau tuav ntev ntev.

Lub ntsiab lus thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw hauv kev txhim kho cov phab ntsa cib

Cov khoom sib xyaw tsis yog kua nplaum rau thaj tsam puas tsuaj - nws yog ringed. Yog li, nws yuav tsum tau punch qhov rau carbon fiber. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv txuas nrogsab hauv ntawm phab ntsa. Yog, cov txheej txheem no tsis yooj yim rau kev siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yooj yim ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj zog tsim phab ntsa chaser. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no ntawm kev txhim kho brickwork.

Kho cov kab nrib pleb hauv brickwork
Kho cov kab nrib pleb hauv brickwork

Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv carbon lossis fiberglass yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub complexity ntawm txoj kev yog heev siab. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kev coj ua rau lub sijhawm ntev rov qab los ntawm phab ntsa cib tawg. Thaum siv cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau, qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai compressive load nce 2-2.5 npaug ntawm cov qauv muab los ntawm SNiP.

Dhau li ntawm qhov no, nws tsim nyog sau lwm qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug, uas rau qee qhov laj thawj tsis raug coj los ntawm ntau tus neeg nyob hauv, tab sis lub sijhawm no tsis muaj leej twg tiv thaiv qhov no. Nws yog hais txog seismic stability. Hauv qhov ntsuas no, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tsis muaj qhov ua tsis tau zoo dua rau lwm txoj hauv kev ntxiv cov phab ntsa thiab feem ntau yuav ua rau lawv pib pib.

haujlwm sab hauv

Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv, qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov phab ntsa cib kuj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm sab hauv chav. Koj yuav tsum pib ntxuav qhov tawg, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau nthuav dav thiab moistened. Tom ntej no, tag nrho cov ntim ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov cement sib tov.

Yog tias qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog (yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib kis), cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm sab hauv nrog kev sib tshooj (hlau daim kab xev), lossis ntau tshaj ib qho. Lawv txuas rau phab ntsa nrog cov thauj tog rau nkoj lossis dowels.

Tom qab lub hauv ntejKev kho kom rov qab ua tiav tiav, nws tsim nyog plastering saum npoo.

Zaj lus

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob zeb yog tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob deformation ntawm phab ntsa ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntsuas raws sijhawm ntawm no, txwv tsis pub ib feem ntawm lub tsev yuav pib sag dhau sijhawm, lossis txawm poob.

Txhim kho brickwork nrog daim hlau
Txhim kho brickwork nrog daim hlau

Yog qhov tawg pib tshwm, qhov no yog thawj lub cim qhia tias lub zog tau ploj lawm. Tib yam tsis xws yuav raug kho nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

  • Ua tsaug rau cov pob zeb uas muaj zog ntxiv, cov kabmob muaj peev xwm rov qab zoo dua.
  • Txhim kho qhov qhib tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov hlua hlau.
  • Kev txuas ntxiv tau yooj yim ua tiav nrog kev txhawb nqa.

Yuav xaiv qhov twg nyob ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Pom zoo: