Kab lus no yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau lub tshuab lim dej siab nrog koj tus kheej tes. Tab sis ua ntej peb nkag mus rau hauv qhov no, peb yuav tsum to taub ib yam dab tsi. Dab tsi yog qhov siab thiab qis dhau lim lawv tus kheej.
Definition
Cov lim tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub siab (siab) thiab qis (qis) zaus. Vim li cas tib neeg feem ntau hais tias "siab" thiab tsis yog "siab" zaus? Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb hais tias cov high zaus hauv suab engineering pib los ntawm ob kilohertz. Tab sis ob kilohertz hauv xov tooj cua engineering yog zaus ntawm lub suab, thiab yog li nws hu ua "qis".
Tseem muaj ib yam li qhov nruab nrab zaus. Nws hais txog suab engineering. Yog li dab tsi yog qhov mid-pass lim? Qhov no yog kev sib txuas ntawm ob peb ntawm cov khoom siv saum toj no. Nws kuj tuaj yeem yog lub lim bandpass.
Lub tshuab lim dej siab yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis lwm yam khoom siv uas hla lub suab nrov ntawm lub teeb liab, thiab qhov twg, ntawm qhov kev tawm tswv yim, txwv tsis pub lub teeb liab zaus raws li kev txiav tawm yav dhau los. Qib ntawm kev tsuj yuav kuj nyob ntawm seb hom lim.
Tsawg zaus txawv ntawm qhov nws tuaj yeem dhau lub teeb liab tuaj,uas yuav qis dua qhov kev txiav tawm, thaum tib lub sijhawm tiv thaiv cov zaus siab.
Scope of application
Cov lim dej siab tuaj yeem siv los cais cov cim siab zaus. Nws kuj yog siv feem ntau hauv kev ua cov suab paj nruag, piv txwv li, hauv cov lim cais, uas tseem hu ua crossover filters. Lawv kuj tau siv rau kev ua cov duab kom cov zaus hloov dua siab tshiab tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim high-pass lim muaj xws li:
- Resistor.
- Capacitor.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub peev xwm (R x C) yog lub sijhawm tas mus li (lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem) rau cov lim dej no, uas yuav hloov pauv hloov pauv mus rau qhov kev txiav tawm zaus hauv hertz (ib chav ntsuas ntawm cov txheej txheem oscillation).
Xaiv cov lim dej siab
Yog li peb suav tau li cas? Txhawm rau ua kom tiav tag nrho cov kauj ruam hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum ua ib qho ntawm cov lus suav tsis siv neeg yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv Microsoft Excel, tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm siv cov qauv hauv qhov program no.
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov qauv no:
Qhov twg f yog qhov txiav tawm zaus; R yog qhov tsis kam ntawm cov resistor, Ohm; C yog lub capacitance ntawm lub capacitor, F (farads).
Type
Cov khoom siv tau nthuav tawm tuaj nyob hauv tsib hom, thiab tam sim no peb yuav txiav txim siab lawv ib leeg.
- U-shaped - lawv zoo li tsab ntawv P;
- T-shaped - zoo li tsab ntawv T;
- L-shaped - zoo li tsab ntawv G;
- ib lub caij (capacitor ua lub lim dej kom siabfrequencies);
- multi-links - cov no yog tib lub L-shaped lim, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no lawv txuas nrog series.
U-shaped
Koj tuaj yeem hais tias cov ntxaij lim dej no zoo ib yam li cov L-shaped, tab sis lawv tau koom nrog ntxiv los ntawm ib qho ntxiv thaum pib. Txhua yam uas yuav sau rau T-shaped yuav muaj tseeb rau U-shaped. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias lawv yuav ua kom cov nyhuv shunting ntawm lub xov tooj cua hauv pem hauv ntej.
txhawm rau xam cov lim U-shaped, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov qauv ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab ntxiv ib qho ntxiv shunt resistor rau thawj lub caij.
Ntawm no yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm L-shaped RC lim rau U-shaped RC lim kuj muaj ntau zaus:
Koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab tias lwm 2R resistor ntxiv rau qhov qub Circuit Court, sib npaug rau thawj tus.
Ntawm no yog piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv rau RL:
Ntawm no, tsis yog tus tiv thaiv, ib qho inductor yuav tshwm sim. Ib qhov thib ob (2L) kuj ntxiv, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm rau thawj.
Thiab qhov piv txwv thib peb - hloov pauv rau LC:
T-shaped
T-shaped lim yog tib lub L-shaped lim, tsuas yog nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib qho ntxiv.
Lawv yuav raug suav ua tib yam li qhov sib faib hluav taws xob, uas yuav muaj ob ntu nrog cov lus teb tsis yog-linear. Tom ntej no, mus rau tus nqi tau, koj yuav tsum ntxiv tus naj npawb ntawm reactance ntawm peb lub caij.
Koj tuaj yeem siv lwm txoj hauv kev suav,txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tshua muaj tseeb hauv kev xyaum. Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias tom qab tau txais tus nqi ntawm thawj qhov kev suav ntawm L-shaped lim, qhov sib txawv loj hlob los yog poob rau hauv ob npaug thiab muab faib rau ob lub ntsiab lus.
Yog hais tias nws yog lub capacitor, ces tus nqi ntawm lub capacitance ntawm lub coils doubles, yog hais tias nws yog ib tug resistor los yog ib tug choke, ces tus nqi ntawm cov kuj ntawm lub coils, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, tee ob zaug.
Cov piv txwv hloov pauv tau qhia hauv qab no.
Kev hloov ntawm L-shaped RC lim rau T-zoo li:
Daim duab qhia tau tias yuav tsum tau ntxiv lub capacitor thib ob (2C) rau kev hloov pauv.
Kev hloov pauv RL:
Hauv qhov no, txhua yam yog los ntawm kev sib piv. Rau qhov kev hloov pauv tau zoo, koj yuav tsum ntxiv tus resistor thib ob txuas nrog hauv koob.
Transition LC:
L-shaped
Ib qho L-shaped lim yog qhov sib faib hluav taws xob uas muaj ob lub ntsiab lus nrog cov lus teb tsis yog-linear zaus (cov lus teb zaus). Rau cov lim dej no, nws raug tso cai siv lub voj voog thiab tag nrho cov qauv faib hluav taws xob.
Nws tuaj yeem sawv cev zoo li no:
Yog tias peb hloov R1 nrog lub capacitor, peb tau txais lub lim dej siab. Koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov kho hauv qab no:
Formula rau xam:
|
U in=U out(R1+R2)/R2; U tawm \u003d U hauvR2 / (R1 + R2); R total=R1+R2 R1=U hauvR2 / U tawm - R2; R2=U tawmR tag nrho / U hauv |
Nowwb mus saib seb yuav suav li cas.
High pass lim rau tweeters
Cov qauv ntawm cov lim zoo li no yooj yim heev. Nws yuav muaj tsuas yog ob feem - lub capacitor thiab ib tug kuj.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub lim dej, uas yuav lim tawm cov khoom siv nruab nrab thiab qis zaus hauv lub suab teeb liab, yuav ncaj qha ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub capacitor nws tus kheej. Thiab zam txim rau tus tautology, kev tawm tsam yuav ua raws li kev tiv thaiv, uas yog, txo qhov ntim qib.
Ib qho tseem ceeb: cov zaus siab tsis raug txiav tawm los ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb - qhov no yuav ua rau lub suab tsis zoo. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los txo lawv tus lej nrog kev tawm tsam.
Qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo yuav raug suav tias yog 4.0 thiab 5.5 Ohm.
Crafting Consumables
Txhawm rau tsim cov lim dej siab rau lub tweeter koj yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- ib tsis kam 5.5 ohm;
- ib tsis kam 4.0 ohm;
- ob capacitors MBM 1.0uF;
- daim kab xev lossis cua sov shrink tubing.
Active High Pass Filter
Cov lim dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua lawv cov kev sib tw passive, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov zaus qis dua 10 kHz. Qhov tseeb yog tias passive sawv daws yuav muaj coils ntawm nce inductance thiab capacitors, uas muaj ib tug loj capacitance. Vim li no, lawv dhau los ua qhov loj thiab kim, thiab yog li ntawd lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo kawg nkaus.
Zoo inductance tiav vimnce tus naj npawb ntawm lem ntawm lub kauj thiab siv cov ferromagnetic core. Qhov no tso tawm nws cov khoom ntawm cov ntshiab inductance, vim hais tias cov hlau ntev ntawm lub coil nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lem muaj ib tug tseem ceeb tsis kam, thiab ferromagnetic core cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas cuam tshuam rau nws cov khoom sib nqus. Vim lub fact tias nws yog tsim nyog los siv ib tug loj capacitance, nws yog tsim nyog los siv capacitors uas tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws stability. Cov no muaj xws li electrolytic capacitor. Cov lim dej, hu ua nquag, muaj ntau yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo saum toj no.
Cov sib txawv thiab cov sib txuas sib txuas ua ke tau tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm amplifiers, lawv yog cov lim dej yooj yim tshaj plaws. Thaum cov ntsiab lus hauv Circuit Court raug xaiv raws li cov lus qhia meej, saib xyuas qhov kev vam khom ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, lawv dhau los ua cov lim dej ntau zaus, thiab cov zaus ntawm cov neeg sib koom ua ke, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv dhau los ua cov lim dej tsawg. Daim duab piav qhia tag nrho cov saum toj no yog muab hauv qab no:
High pass filter ntawm amplifier
Cia peb xav txog kev teeb tsa lub suab nrov hauv lub tsheb.
Ua ntej koj teeb tsa lub amplifier hauv lub tsheb, koj yuav tsum rov pib dua txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau xoom. Lub crossover zaus yuav tsum tau teem rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 50-70 Hz. Lub hauv ntej channel lim ntawm lub amplifier nyob rau hauv lub tsheb yog teem rau high zaus. Qhov kev txiav tawm zaus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog teem rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 70-90 Hz.
Yog tias tus qauv tsim yuav muab rau cov channel-los-channel nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg hais lus pem hauv ntej, ces koj yuav tsum tau ua qhov sib caistweeter nqis. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lub lim yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau hauv txoj haujlwm tsim nyog thiab kev txiav tawm zaus yuav tsum raug xaiv hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2500 Hz.
Ntawm lwm yam, koj yuav tsum tau kho qhov rhiab heev ntawm lub amplifier. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yuav tsum pib pib dua mus rau xoom, qhov tseem ceeb yog hloov lub cuab yeej mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntim hom, thiab tom qab ntawd pib ua kom qhov rhiab heev. Thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub suab distortion tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum tsum tsis txhob tig lub pob qhov rooj, thiab koj yuav tsum tau txo qhov rhiab heev rau nws tus kheej.
Tseem tseem muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim los kuaj xyuas lub suab zoo: yog tias, tom qab qhib, nyem tau hnov hauv subwoofer, thiab tawg hauv tus hais lus, qhov no txhais tau tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lub teeb liab.
Bass yuav tsum tsis txhob khi rau lub subwoofer. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tig lub sijhawm tswj ntawm lub subwoofer 180 degrees. Yog tias tus tswj hwm no tsis nyob, ces koj yuav tsum tau pauv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov xov hlau txuas.
Teeb lub suab processor. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau kho lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm rau txhua qhov channel. Koj yuav tsum tau teem sijhawm ncua sij hawm ntawm sab laug channel kom lub suab los ntawm cov neeg hais lus sab laug mus txog tus neeg tsav tsheb tib lub sijhawm raws li txoj cai. Nws yuav tsum zoo li lub suab los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub cabin.
Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, lub suab processor tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam mus rau sab nraub qaum. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa tib qhov ncua sij hawm nyob rau sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm lub hauv ntej acoustics. Qhov no yuav tshem tawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam ib ncig ntawm lub subwoofer.
Tam sim no koj tsis paub xwbYuav ua li cas xam thiab sib sau ua ke lub lim zaus nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, tab sis kuj yuav teeb tsa nws txoj haujlwm li cas kom raug.
