Ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv txoj hauv kev koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom loj thiab cov khoom me me yog vuam. Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke yuav luag txhua qhov sib txuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus - tee, ces kaum, kawg thiab ceg tawv. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev vuam ntawm cov qauv hlau tau ua tiav, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Classic Vuam Methods
Cov txheej txheem rau vuam hlau cov ntsiab lus suav nrog kev siv ob lub ntsiab ntawm lub zog: cov nplaim taws lossis hluav taws xob arc.
Gas thiab arc vuam tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg, semi-automatic thiab tag nrho phau ntawv. Qhov kev xaiv tom kawg suav nrog kev tsim cov vuam seam nkaus xwb nrog tus tswv tus kheej tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, phau ntawv arc (RD) vuam ntawm cov qauv hlau muaj xws li ob qho tib si kev tswj ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lossis cov xaim xaim, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm vuam qhov chaw.
hom kev tuav tes yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov xwm txheej hauv tsev. Thaum nwsNyob rau hauv kev siv, lawv tsuas yog siv submerged arc vuam, brazing nrog ib tug roj vuam tshuab los yog cov classic txoj kev ntawm hluav taws xob arc vuam.
thawj qhov kev xaiv - tsis siv neeg vuam - yog raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thov cov seam mus rau ib feem ntawm lub seam yam tsis muaj tib neeg kev koom tes. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm yog ua los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb mechanism uas yog pre-configured. Lawm, chav tsev no muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm tsawg, tab sis qhov no txo qis tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav, ua rau nws nrov heev hauv kev tsim khoom loj.
Kev sib dhos ntawm cov qauv hlau, vuam hauv hom tsis siv neeg tso cai rau kev siv cov cuab yeej sib cuag, suav nrog kev ntsuas cua sov thiab ntsuas cov ntsiab lus, hluav taws xob poob siab vuam thiab lwm yam "kev tuav" txoj kev. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias nws tsis yog tus tswv uas khiav txhua yam, tab sis tshwj xeeb tsim thiab programmed neeg hlau.
hom Semi-automatic txhais tau hais tias daim ntawv thov ntawm vuam seam los ntawm tus thawj coj, txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov xaim raug pub rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau txais, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw.
Hauv hom no, yuav luag txhua lub thev naus laus zis rau vuam cov qauv hlau siv, siv cov electrodes infusible, gas fluxes thiab automated pub ntawm muab tub lim xaim rau hauv qhov cua sov. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab kev tsim khoom me me, semi-automatic vuam ntawm cov qauv hlau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm.
Technological innovations
Nyob rau hauv cov vuam niaj hnub rau kev koom ua kehlau qhov chaw, tsis yog tsuas yog superheated gas nplaim taws thiab hluav taws xob arcs, tab sis kuj thermal nyhuv ntawm kev sib txhuam, laser zog, ultrasound, thiab txawm lub hwj chim ntawm electron beams.
Tsuas tso, vuam tshuab nws tus kheej yog txhim kho tas li. Tsis tu ncua, txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis no tau tsim. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab no suav nrog hom vuam hauv qab no - ntshav, thermite thiab electron beam.
Los ntawm thermite thev naus laus zis, cov qauv hlau tseem ceeb yog welded, cov khoom uas tau yaj nyob rau hauv seam thaum lub sij hawm combustion ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb sib tov nkag rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke. Thermite kuj tseem siv los kho qhov tsis xws luag thiab cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov qauv hlau ua ntej los ntawm "ntws" cov hlau.
Plasma welding yog ua raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm cov roj ionized dhau los ntawm ob lub electrodes. Cov tom kawg ua raws li hluav taws xob arc, tab sis nws cov efficiency ntau dua. Superheated roj yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau hlau vuam, tab sis kuj rau hlau txiav, thiaj li hais tias ib tug tsis siv neeg thiab multifunctional vuam system yuav raug tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub plasma generator.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm electron beam technology, sib sib zog nqus seams mus txog 20 centimeters yog welded, thaum lub dav ntawm xws li ib tug seam yuav tsis ntau tshaj ib centimeter. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nkaus xwb yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev ua tiav. Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis no tsuas yog siv hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb xwb.
Rau qhov sib dhos ntawm cov qauv hlau me me, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv roj lossis hluav taws xob arc phau ntawv vuam. Cov khoom siv semi-automatic them tawm thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom me me. Niaj hnub no welding technologies, feem, tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv loj ntau lawm.
qauv vuam: nta
vuam tshuab yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog thaum ua hauj lwm nrog hlau, tab sis kuj nrog ntau yam polymers. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog cua sov thiab deformation ntawm qhov chaw, uas yog ces muab tso rau hauv ib tug.
Txhua txoj haujlwm vuam muaj ob theem tseem ceeb: sib dhos thiab sib txuas.
Thawj theem yog siv sijhawm ntau thiab nyuaj. Kev ntseeg tau thiab lub zog ntawm cov qauv feem ntau nyob ntawm kev ua raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm lub sij hawm ntog rau ntawm cov khoom sib dhos.
Ua kom muaj kev sib dhos ntawm cov qauv steel
Cov khoom zoo, lub zog thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov kawg tshwm sim tau lees paub los ntawm kev ua raws li qee qhov kev xav tau.
- Thaum xaiv qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li qhov ntev tau teev tseg hauv qhov project.
- Qhov khoob yuav tsum yog qhov loj me - yog tias lawv nce, lub zog ntawm cov khoom tiav yuav txo qis heev.
- Lub kaum sab xis raug ntsuas thiab tswj tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lawv ua raws li cov lus teev tseg hauv qhov project, txwv tsis pub yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg ntawm tag nrho cov qauv.
Cov txiaj ntsigvuam
Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias vuam cov qauv hlau tseem txuag lub sijhawm rau txhua txoj haujlwm, thiab cov seam yog qhov zoo, cov txheej txheem muaj lwm yam:
- Qhov loj ntawm cov tiav soldering tsis hloov, vim tsuas yog ob lub ntsiab yog siv, uas txuag cov khoom.
- Tsis muaj kev txwv ntawm cov hlau tuab.
- Lub peev xwm los tswj thiab kho cov duab ntawm cov qauv hlau.
- Muaj cov khoom siv vuam.
- Muaj peev xwm siv vuam los kho thiab rov tsim kho.
- High nruj thiab lub zog ntawm cov pob qij txha.
cov ntsiab lus ntxiv
Yuav kom cov txiaj ntsig tsim tau zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li txhua yam kev xav tau.
Cov ntaub ntawv xaiv kom raug, cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov seams zoo. Txwv tsis pub, tus tsim tiav tsis tsuas yog poob nws qhov kev nthuav qhia, tab sis kuj nws qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Weld defects
Kom tau txais qhov ntev thiab ua haujlwm yooj yim, jig yog siv thaum tsim cov qauv hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, RD vuam ntawm cov qauv hlau, cranes tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov tsis xws luag thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem - sagging, tawg, kub hnyiab, porosity, kub hnyiab, undercuts thiab lwm yam.
Cas of defect
Sags yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv hlau vim los ntawm cov dej xau ntawm cov hlau molten. Feem ntau, xws li ib tug tsis xws luag yog yam ntxwv ntawmua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov kab rov tav seams. Tshem lawv nrog rauj, thiab tom qab ntawd xyuas cov khoom kom tsis muaj kev nkag mus.
Qhov ua rau kub hnyiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov qauv, qhov nce ntawm qhov sib txawv, qis qis ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab hluav taws xob tsawg. Tshem tawm los ntawm kev txiav thiab vuam seam.
Hom kev phom sij tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis muaj kev nkag mus, vim nws cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg tau thiab lub zog ntawm vuam. Cov chaw zoo li no raug tshem tawm tag nrho, cov qauv hlau raug ntxuav thiab rov welded.
