Ib hom tsev ntau tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws niaj hnub no yog cov ncej. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm hom no, lub ntsiab load ntawm lub ru tsev thiab facades yog yug los ntawm ib tug complex system ntawm kab teeb, racks thiab lintels. Cov tshuab no tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov tsev ntiav me me, nrog rau cov tsev siab siab lossis, piv txwv li, kev cob qhia ntau lawm.
txiaj ntsig
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tsev yog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txiav txim siab. Tsis tas li, qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej no suav nrog:
- kev tsim tsev loj dua;
- kev yooj yim ntawm kev tsim;
- pheej yig ntawm cov qauv tiav.
Ncej tsev hnyav dua li cov tsev tsim los siv lwm yam thev naus laus zis. Thiab yog li ntawd, nws tsis tas yuav nchuav cov hauv paus muaj zog heev hauv qab lawv.
Types of frame systems
Lub battens load-bearing battens ntawm lub tsev tuaj yeem faib raws li ob lub ntsiab lus:
- hais txog cov khoom siv los ua ke;
- txoj kev sib txuas.
Ntseegcov khoom ntawm cov thav duab ntawm lub tsev tau muab faib ua cov qauv thauj khoom thiab kev sib txuas.
Hom tshuab los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv
Cov pob txha ntawm cov tsev uas siv cov cuab yeej siv no tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug, thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho cov tsev qis, cov ncej feem ntau yog sib sau los ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov laug cam. Ntau qhov chaw ua lag luam, warehouses, nrog rau txhua yam me me architectural forms (arbors, verandas) feem ntau yog ua los ntawm hlau crates.
Feem ntau, ntau lub tsev nyob thiab cov tsev tswj hwm tau tsim tsa ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ua tiav cov pob zeb ua tiav ntawm cov ntu sib txawv thiab qhov ntev yog siv los ua ke cov pob txha.
Tsis ntev los no, hauv tebchaws Russia, thev naus laus zis ntawm lub tsev ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog thiab cov tsev qis qis kuj tau nrov. Hauv qhov no, cov pob txha ntawm lub tsev, nrog rau cov qab nthab, feem ntau yog nchuav rau ntawm qhov chaw hauv formwork nrog kev txhawb zog.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem ntoo lub tsev yog tus nqi qis. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm crates ntawm hom no yog cov txheeb ze fragility. Qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau thav duab suav nrog lub zog thiab nrawm ntawm kev sib dhos. Lawv downside yog tus nqi siab.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse yog kev ua haujlwm ntev. Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog qee qhov nyuaj hauv kev teeb tsa. Npaj txhij-ua reinforced pob zeb ntsiab ntawm thav duab systems ntawm no ntau yam yuav mounted nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsuas yog siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Thaum pouring xws li thav duab ntawm qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum tau tos ntevpob zeb maturation, as well as assemble / disassemble and rearrange formwork from place to place.
Ntau yam los ntawm txoj kev sib txuas
Thaum txhim kho cov tsev thiab cov qauv, cov qauv hauv qab no tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke:
- frame;
- frame-bonded;
- liison.
thawj hom kev ua haujlwm yog lub kaw lus ntawm crossbars, kab thiab ceilings, rigidly txuas rau hauv cov qauv ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov. Ncej-bonded thav duab yog sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv kwv yees li tib txoj kev. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kab rov tav rigidity ntawm lub tsev yog txhim khu kev qha los ntawm kev siv (feem ntau yog hlau) kab rov tav ntsiab teeb diagonally.
Cov kab ke kab ke ntawm phab ntsa yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tag nrho cov kab rov tav quab yuam nyob rau hauv lawv ob qho tib si cov lus qhia yog kis los ntawm interfloor ceilings mus rau rigid diaphragms. Cov skeleton thav duab lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog xam rau ntsug loads.
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov ntoo crate
Hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov tsev nyob qis qis hauv nroog thiab cov tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, tsuas yog cov txheej txheem zoo li no tau sib sau ua ke. Nws muaj cov txheej txheem hauv qab no hauv nws qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg:
- wall studs;
- crossbars;
- logs and beam;
- ru tsev rafters.
Txoj kev sib dhos ntoo crates
Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv qab no:
- anchors yog nchuav rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm theem ntawm kev tsim khotsis loj pitch bolts;
- lags are set;
- tom qab lub hauv paus pob zeb tau matured, qis qis yog tsau rau ntawm lub bolts;
- racks yog txuas rau lub sam thiaj;
- sab saum toj trim yog mounted;
- pem teb kab teeb raug teeb tsa.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev txiav. Tsis tas li, feem ntau, cov pob txha ntoo ntawm cov tsev tau sib sau ua ke yooj yim siv cov fab hlau. Fasteners ntawm hom no rau mounting lub crate yuav tsum xaiv tsuas yog lub siab tshaj plaws zoo thiab, tau kawg, galvanized.
Tom qab sib sau cov phab ntsa hauv cov tsev zoo li no, txhim kho lub ru tsev truss. Txoj kev ntawm nws txoj kev tsim kho feem ntau zoo li no:
- pre-cut rafter ob txhais ceg yog txuas rau sab saum toj harness;
- saum toj no, cov ntsiab lus txuas rau hauv ib lub trusses siv cov hlau phaj.
Tom qab kev txhim kho cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev tiv thaiv dej, nqaim cov laug cam ntawm lub crate tau ntim rau ntawm cov rafters, uas cov khoom siv vov tsev yuav txuas rau yav tom ntej.
Txhim kho cov qauv hlau
Cov kab hluav taws xob zoo li no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias nyias hauv cov chaw tsim khoom thiab xa ncaj qha mus rau lub tsev. Tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv me me xws li battens tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke, piv txwv li, los ntawm lub kaum sab xis steel, cov kav hlau ntawm puag ncig thiab square seem, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov ntsiab lus txuas nrog.vuam. Qee zaum bolts kuj tuaj yeem siv los sib sau ua ke ntawm lathing ntawm cov ntaub ntawv me me architectural. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov thav ntawv no tau muab cov duab xav tau (piv txwv li, arched) siv cov yeeb nkab bender.
Hoobkas tiav thav duab, racks, trusses, kab teeb pib muaj qhov sib dhos. Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub thav duab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no feem ntau yog txwv rau screwing nyob rau hauv bolts. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov crates ntawm hom no yog kho nrog rivets.
Tom qab, cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev no tsuas yog insulated thiab sheathed nrog facade thiab cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tsev nyob rau ntawm tus ncej no suav nrog qhov tseeb tias, yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim disassembled thiab thauj mus rau lwm qhov chaw.
Rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kab ke ntawm lub tsev, cov thauj tog rau nkoj kuj tau muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus. Tom qab ntawd lawv txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub crate racks los ntawm lawv qhov dav dav. Tom qab txhim kho cov khoom no, mus rau lub installation ntawm crane beams. Tom ntej no, ru tsev trusses yog mounted.
Txoj kev sib dhos ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke
Cov pob txha ntawm hom no suav nrog peb lub ntsiab lus:
- columns;
- pab ntawm stairwells;
- ncig.
Kev tsim kho kev tshaj lij siv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov vaj tsev zoo li no. Cov tsev qis qis ntawm hom no tau tsim ua raws li txoj hauv kev yooj yim.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, pem teb slab ntawm thawj pem teb yog poured rau ntawm lub hauv paus pawg nyob rau hauv lub formwork. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub pre-assembledcov kab ke txhim kho. Tom qab ntawd, qhov sib tshooj ntawm ob pem teb yog nchuav rau lawv. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm erecting xws li ib tug pob zeb core yog fastened rau ib leeg los ntawm kev txhawb zog.
Seams tsim ntawm cov qauv hauv cov kab ke ntawm lub tsev siv cov txheej txheem no hu ua txias. Yog li ntawd lawv tsis ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub tsev, thaum pouring lub ntsiab, lawv sim ua kom cov bonds ntawm lub twb hardened thiab tseem viscous qhob ntau ruaj khov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qhov chaw ntawm daim phiaj thiab cov kab uas twb tau muaj zog tau raug ntxuav ua ntej.
Cov vaj tse tau tsim tsa rau ntawm lub pob zeb ua pob zeb ua ke tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij sov. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, dej nyab cov qauv ntawm cov pob txha zoo li no tau poob siab heev. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, pob zeb tsis tau txais lub zog txaus thaum lub zog khov.
