Kev tsim ua haujlwm siv rau cov peev txheej tsim kho yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov nruj thiab dav ntawm kev pabcuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsev so-hom tsev yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev npaj, txij li thaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev specifications nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau ib tug multifactorial architectural thiab engineering tsom xam. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim cov cai ntawm cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg. Tab sis feem ntau, kev tsim tsev so yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv normative SNiP.
Yuav tsum muaj av av
Yam ntxwv ntawm daim phiaj av feem ntau txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ua ntej. Yog tias peb tham txog cov cai yuav tsum tau ua, ces cheeb tsam yuav tsum muaj kev nkag mus tau dawb thiab nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij thiab cov chaw tsim khoom. Lub geodetic thaj chaw ntawm cov chaw uas tsim cov tsev so yog nqa tawm kuj coj mus rau hauv tus account. Kev cai nyob rau hauv quab yuamrau cov tsev nyob, thiab tshwj xeeb hauv ntu II-L.1-62 ntawm SNiP cov ntaub ntawv, tuaj yeem coj los ua lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho ntawm ntu no ntawm cov haujlwm tsim.
Ntxiv rau qhov dav dav engineering thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov peev txheej hauv zos rau kev txhim kho. Qhov no feem ntau yog kev thauj mus los. Raws li tau sau tseg hauv cov cai, rau txhua 10 chav, architects yuav tsum muab qhov chaw rau tsawg kawg 1 lub tsheb hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog 150 qhov chaw, ces cov haujlwm hauv tsev so kuj suav nrog qhov ua tau rau kev nkag thiab chaw nres tsheb ntawm ib lub npav.
Space-planning solutions
Feem ntau, kev npaj ua haujlwm cuam tshuam txog kev txhim kho cov kev daws teeb meem rau chav thiab chav dej hluav taws xob. Ib qho ntawm cov kev cai tseem ceeb hauv ntu no yog cov chav tsev so tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov av saum toj no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv pem teb hauv qab daus, qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tsev so tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm sab laug, lub tshuab txiav plaub hau, qhov chaw pabcuam rau cov neeg siv khoom, pantry, chav ntxhua khaub ncaws, chav noj mov, thiab lwm yam. Cov kav dej ua haujlwm tuaj yeem nruab rau ntawm theem hauv qab daus tiers.
Tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm kev npaj of elevator, ua noj ua haus, sau qoob thiab cov chav ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsim cov tsev so muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom hauv lub tsev. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau thaj chaw uas lub zog propulsion systems, motors, twj tso kua mis thiab khib nyiab chutes ua hauj lwm. Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum muab cov kev siv tau zookev vibration thiab suab nrov txo. Qhov project muab kev taw qhia txog kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tsim nyog.
Txoj cai yuav tsum muaj rau tus lej
Hais txog kev npaj, muaj ob pawg ntawm chav. Tsis muaj kev sib cais meej ntawm cov pab pawg no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov yam ntxwv, lub thib ob qeb surpasses thawj nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov chav ntawm thawj pab pawg muab kev siv thev naus laus zis ntau dua thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Yog li, qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tsev so nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov chav tsev no suav tias yog cov chav ntawm 1 txog 2. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cheeb tsam txawv ntawm 9 txog 22 m2. Raws li cov khoom siv engineering, chav tsev tau txais cov kav dej puv puv nrog lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, lub tais tso quav, bidet, da dej thiab da dej.
qeb thib ob, raws li txoj cai, muab rau 1 chav thiab txog li 4 lub txaj. Qhov chaw nyob txawv ntawm 9 txog 18 m 2. Obviously, tsis muaj ntau qhov chaw siv tau hauv ib puag ncig zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, cov haujlwm ntawm cov tsev so nrog cov chav zoo li no muab cov khoom siv tsawg nrog cov khoom siv tu cev. Ib chav ntxhua khaub ncaws tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv chav.
Kev xav tau rau thaj chaw pabcuam
Feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw tsim los pab cov qhua yog cafes, canteens, buffet thiab khoom noj txom ncauj. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov chaw zoo li no yog coj mus rau hauv tus account tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, uas yog raws li tag nrho cov khoom thauj ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom. Cov lej tshwj xeeb tau qhia hauv cov cai. Lawv tswj kev tsim lub tsev so. SNiP nyob rau hauv nqe lus 3.25, tshwj xeeb, qhia tias thaj chawchav rau ib lub tsev so uas muaj 50 tus neeg yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog 50 m2. Kuj tseem muaj lwm qhov chaw pabcuam. Lawv muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, thaj tsam ntawm ib lub tsev so chaw ua haujlwm uas haum tib yam 50 tus neeg twb muaj 12 m2. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tsim vaj tsev yuav tsum muab rau hauv qhov project rau qhov chaw rau kev cob qhia kev cob qhia, pab pawg chaw tos txais, lub hnab ntim khoom, thiab lwm yam.
Yuav tsum muaj chav siv hluav taws xob
Cov chav tsev no suav nrog cov khoom xws li chav ntxhua khaub ncaws hauv nruab nrab, chav tsev kav dej, cov khoom ntim cia thiab chav cua. Hauv kev tsim cov chav dej hluav taws xob thiab cov chav ua haujlwm, ib qho yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua kom tsis zoo rau thaj chaw nyob. Ntawd yog, kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev so yog ua raws li txoj hauv kev uas cov chaw no tau txais txoj hauv kev luv tshaj plaws rau kev tshem tawm cov pa pa thiab cov pa phem.
Teeb thiab hluav taws xob xav tau
Nws muaj peb yam tseem ceeb rau kev siv lub teeb pom kev zoo hauv kev tsim qauv. Cov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha, cov khoom siv qis tam sim no, nrog rau cov khoom siv uas tsim cov txheej txheem rau kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob engineering. Qhov kev tsim qauv no yog tswj hwm los ntawm ntu II-B.6 ntawm SNiP. Hauv particular, kev tsim cov tsev so hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo tsom rau lub koom haum ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov khoom tso tawm mus rau ib qho kev tswj vaj huam sib luag. Cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum tshwj xeeb yog xav txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog ib qhoib qho khoom kim heev ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tswj xyuas thiab tu tsev so.
Rau cov khoom siv engineering
Lub tsev so yuav tsum tau nruab nrog qhov cua, dej, cua sov thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, cov khoom siv roj. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog nyob hauv qab daus lossis hauv qab daus. Yog tias ua tau, qhov project kuj suav nrog chav sib cais rau lub switchboard, uas tsuas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nkag tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias kev tsim cov tsev so tsis muab rau qhov chaw ntawm engineering thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas lus hauv qab cov dab dej, da dej thiab cov chaw huv. Tsis tas li, yog tias muaj peev xwm ua tau, cov kab hluav taws xob engineering tau muab tso rau raws li hom kev xaim zais.
Zaj lus
Ntxiv rau cov ntu tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov qauv hauv tsev, kev teeb tsa ntawm thaj chaw thiab kev tso kawm ntawm cov khoom siv engineering, kev txhim kho cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam. Yuav kom kev tsim kho lub tsev so kom zoo, tab sis tib lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, cov kws tsim vaj tsev yuav tsum ua tib zoo txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tuaj yeem siv tau.
Qhov kev tsim nyog ntawm kev siv qee yam kev tsim qauv kuj suav nrog. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj kev ncaj ncees nyiaj txiag uas tsav cov neeg tsim cov phiaj xwm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho kev daws teeb meem. Feem ntau qhov tsom mus rau kev txhim kho kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm lossis txo qisCov nqi khiav lag luam yav tom ntej.
