Lo lus "qab" hauv Lavxias muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav, qhov no yog lub npe ntawm lub ntsej muag transverse ntawm ib qho khoom elongated uas muaj cov duab ntawm lub tog raj kheej lossis yog ib qho parallelepiped nrog txoj cai kaum. Rau cov khoom cylindrical, lub ntsej muag kawg yog ib lub ntsej muag nyob rau sab perpendicular mus rau longitudinal axis. Rau cov khoom lub thawv ntawv, lub ntsej muag kawg yog lub ntsej muag nrog thaj tsam me tshaj plaws.
Tib lo lus (" pob tw ") hu ua pobzeb ua los ntawm ntoo thiab tsim rau paving txoj kev. Lo lus no kuj muaj ib tug slang lub ntsiab lus denoting ib tug neeg lub ntsej muag. Yuav luag txhua tus paub qhov kev qhia "tau txais hauv pob tw", i.e. raug ntaus.
Lub tsev xaus
Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias qhov kawg ntawm lub tsev yog qhov nqaim ntawm cov khoom, uas tsis nqa cov haujlwm ntawm lub ntsiab façade. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias muaj cov tsev nyob rau hauv uas lub façade (qhov tseem ceeb nkag) yog nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa nqaim. Cov tsev no suav nrog Manege, Acropolis ntawm Athens, Bolshoi Theatre. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov kab lus "kev nkag ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub tsev" suab tsis tsim nyog.
Yog tias lub tsev npog nrog lub ru tsev gable, ces,raws li txoj cai, lub pediment nyob saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub tsev.
Lo lus "fab" muaj cov hauv paus hauv Fab Kis thiab nyob ze ntawm lub ntsiab lus hauv Lavxias lub suab zoo li "lub ntsej muag, sab pem hauv ntej." Los ntawm ib qho kev pom ntawm architectural, qhov no yog qhov pom ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov pom. Cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm lub ntsiab, sab façade (qhov kawg ntawm lub tsev yuav zoo yog ib sab facade), txoj kev, lub tshav puam, chaw ua si. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus qhia "sea facade" - sab ntawm lub tsev uas tig mus rau hiav txwv.
Feem ntau, niaj hnub engineering engineering nyiam tsim ntau chav tsev nyob nrog qhov muag tsis pom. Qhov muag tsis pom qhov kawg ntawm lub tsev yog ib sab facade (phab ntsa) tsis muaj qhov rais thiab qhov rooj qhib. Xws li ib phab ntsa tuaj yeem nqa cov haujlwm ntawm firewall, i.e. ua ib phab ntsa hluav taws kub ruaj khov uas sib cais cov tsev nyob sib ze kom tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws thaum muaj hluav taws. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv txoj kev, i.e. cov vaj tsev nyob yog nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm ib leeg.
Tib lub sijhawm, sab facades dawb paug tuaj yeem kho txoj hauv kev hauv nroog thiab dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw tsim vaj tsev. Cov vaj huam sib luag loj, uas tau pib tshwm ntau dua thiab ntau zaus ntawm cov phab ntsa dawb paug saib cov kev hauv nruab nrab, saib zoo nkauj thiab pom tau zoo los ntawm cov neeg taug kev.
Puas yog ib txwm tsim nyog hais tias "lub tsev kawg"?
Raws li tau hais dhau los, qhov kawg ntawm lub tsev yog ib sab façade luv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub tsev tsim yog square, ces nws yuav tsis muaj qhov xaus. Thiab yog tias koj muajntev thiab nqaim lub tsev, lub ntsiab nkag mus rau nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub me tshaj phab ntsa nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cheeb tsam, ces xws li ib tug "kawg ntawm lub tsev" yog lub ntsiab facade. Nws yog lub richest decorated nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau tag nrho lwm cov sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Raws li txoj cai, xws li "kawg" nrog lub ntsiab nkag tau feem ntau enlivened ua ntej nrog pilasters, molding, decorated nrog ntau yam niches.
Raws li kev cai lij choj tam sim no, lub façade yog hu ua pem hauv ntej, uas pom meej ntawm sab ntawm txoj kev loj lossis txoj kev. Thiab yog hais tias xws li ib tug facade nyob rau ntawm lub nqaim sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev, xws li ib tug lub tsev yuav tsis tau hais nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas nws tau xaus. Nws tsuas muaj facades - lub ntsiab, rear, sab, thiab lwm yam.
