Khoom siv sib txuas lus: hom, hom phiaj, yam ntxwv

Cov txheej txheem:

Khoom siv sib txuas lus: hom, hom phiaj, yam ntxwv
Khoom siv sib txuas lus: hom, hom phiaj, yam ntxwv

Video: Khoom siv sib txuas lus: hom, hom phiaj, yam ntxwv

Video: Khoom siv sib txuas lus: hom, hom phiaj, yam ntxwv
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Tej zaum
Anonim

Lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siab heev tsis tuaj yeem xav txog yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej sib txuas lus. Vim tias yuav luag txhua lub tsev, chaw ua haujlwm, chaw ua haujlwm, tsev kawm ntawv muaj lub computer lossis ob peb, uas txhais tau tias Internet, thiab yog li ntawd, lub network.

Tom qab tag nrho, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej sib txuas lus yog kom tau txais, qee zaum ua haujlwm thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv hla qhov deb (los ntawm ob peb centimeters mus rau ntau txhiab kilometers).

Txawm tias ua ntej, ntau hom khoom siv xws li: xov tooj, xov tooj … Tom qab me ntsis, fax.

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhais thiab hom khoom siv

khoom siv sib txuas lus yog ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb uas xa cov ntaub ntawv hla qee cov kab, hu ua kab kev sib txuas lus (cable, hloov, thiab lwm yam).

Cov hom ntau tshaj plaws yog fiber ntau optic cable, twisted khub, coaxial cable.

Cov khoom siv sib txuas lus yog dab tsi?

  1. Cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg.
  2. Networkkhoom siv.
  3. khoom siv sib txuas lus.

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm txhua hom

Txhua tus tswvcuab ntawm txhua hom kuj tseem raug hu ua cov khoom siv sib txuas lus.

Cov khoom siv cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho khoom siv uas hloov cov ntaub ntawv siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib kis ntawm kab kev sib txuas lus thiab ua qhov rov qab hloov dua siab tshiab. Cov cuab yeej no suav nrog cov khoos phis tawj ntawm tus kheej, nrog rau lub khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob loj, khoom siv sau cov ntaub ntawv, sau npe nyiaj ntsuab thiab lwm yam khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg.

khoom siv sib txuas lus
khoom siv sib txuas lus

Cov khoom siv sib txuas lus network yog cov cuab yeej siv los ua kom lub computer network ua haujlwm. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm hom no yog: hloov, thaj vaj huam sib luag, router, hub, network adapter, repeater thiab lwm yam. Muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov cuab yeej xws li: nquag thiab passive.

Cov khoom siv sib txuas lus yog ib qho khoom siv uas hloov cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tsim los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb encryption rau hauv lub teeb liab uas tau xa mus rau cov kab no thiab ua qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv. Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv no yog lub modem.

Cov cuab yeej siv network

Cov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (lossis lwm qhov chaw zoo sib xws). Cov khoom siv no ua haujlwm ntawm amplifying thiab hloov lub teeb liab mus rau lwm tus.

Lub peev xwm ua cov cim qhia raws litshwj xeeb algorithms. Namely: cov khoom siv no tsis tsuas yog ntes thiab xa cov teeb liab xwb, tab sis kuj ua cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev muab rau lawv, hloov thiab faib cov kwj tuaj rau lawv raws li cov algorithms ua rau hauv cov cuab yeej nco.

suav nrog cov khoom siv: network adapter, repeater (rov ua lub teeb liab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nthuav dav ntev), hub (tseem hu ua multiport repeater), hloov (ib qho khoom siv uas muaj ntau qhov chaw nres nkoj), router (tib lub router), repeater, media converter, network transceiver (kom hloov cov kev sib txuas lus interface).

Passive network khoom

Cov cuab yeej Passive yog siv los faib thiab txo cov teeb liab theem. Nws ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj lub zog loj lossis zoo sib xws.

Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv no yog:

  • kab system;
  • cable route equipment.

Local networks

LAN cov khoom siv sib txuas lus yog cov cuab yeej siv los sib txuas cov khoom siv hauv ib lub network. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim thiab txuas ntau lub network lossis subnets.

cell signal booster
cell signal booster

Cov cuab yeej siv hauv lawv yog siv ob qho tib si los txuas ib leeg thiab txuas ntau ntawm lawv mus rau ib leeg.

Ib hom kev paub hauv cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam yog lub khoos phis tawj network, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuab txuas rau ib leeg thiabnruab nrog cov kev pab cuam tshwj xeeb uas muab cov neeg siv network muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoos phis tawj no.

Cov tes hauj lwm hauv zos yog cov kab ke uas nws cov teeb liab nthuav tawm tau ua nyob rau hauv ib lub vojvoog txog li 3 mais. Muaj kev sib koom tes ntawm cov tuam tsev, koom nrog (yog tias nyob hauv tib lub tsev), nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau hauv tsev.

Kuj tseem muaj kev sib txuas hauv nroog (hauv lub vojvoog ntawm lub nroog loj) thiab thoob ntiaj teb (kev faib tawm thoob plaws hauv nroog, cheeb tsam, lub tebchaws). Tab sis lawv tsis nyob hauv zos lawm.

Corporate network

Tam sim no ib qho chaw hauv cheeb tsam sib koom ua ke yog ib lub koom haum, uas sib koom ua ke nyob thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam. Tus naj npawb ntawm txoj haujlwm yog ib puas lossis ntau dua.

Yog tias kev sib faib ntawm lub koom haum nyob deb heev ntawm ib leeg, ces ntiaj teb no network technologies raug siv.

Nyob hauv kev koom tes sib koom tes, raws li txoj cai, kev xav tau siab heev rau kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ua tau zoo.

Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub tshuab computer tshwm sim raws li cov tswv yim uas yuav txawv me ntsis ntawm ib leeg.

Dhau li ntawm qhov no, muaj cov khoom xws li lub network:

  1. Computer txuas nrog lub kaw lus hu ua chaw nres tsheb lossis nodes.
  2. Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub network adapter - ib qho khoom siv txuas rau lub khoos phis tawj lub tsheb npav thiab muab kev txais tos thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv hla cov kab sib txuas lus.
  3. Twisted khub, uas muaj ob peb strands ntawm twisted tooj liab hlau.
  4. Coaxial cable muaj cov tooj liab insulatedhlau, insulating braid, txheej sheath (nws muaj peev xwm, tsis zoo li twisted khub, xa cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ntev nrug).
  5. Fiber optic cable (los ntawm qhov teeb liab kis tau zoo tshaj plaws).
  6. Computers uas tsim los pab lwm lub computers hu ua servers.
  7. Cov uas thov rau cov peev txheej ntawm lwm lub khoos phis tawj hu ua tus neeg siv khoom.
  8. Yog tias ib lub khoos phis tawj sib txuas ob lub hom phiaj hauv ib qho, ces nws yog hu ua tus phooj ywg-rau-peer node.

Txoj hauv paus tsim lub computer network

Network topologies yog cov tswv yim rau kev sib txuas lub cev cov khoom uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv kev xav ntawm lub network nws tus kheej.

Qee zaum:

  • txuas tag nrho;
  • cellular;
  • star type;
  • "cov npav loj";
  • ring;
  • zoo li tsob ntoo.

Nrog tag nrho meshed network topology, txhua lub tshuab txuas ncaj qha rau lwm tus.

Cellular yog thaum muaj ntau qhov kev sib txuas tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib txuas tag nrho.

Lub hnub qub topology yog tsim thaum txhua lub tshuab txuas nrog cov kab sib cais mus rau ib qho chaw nruab nrab.

technical txhais tau tias ntawm computer networks
technical txhais tau tias ntawm computer networks

Muaj ntau hom "hnub qub": nrog kev tswj hwm thiab nrog kev tswj hwm hauv nruab nrab.

hnub qub thev naus laus zis: tag nrho cov nodes txuas nrog ib lub cable nrog 2 qhib kawg. Thiab tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ib lub sijhawm muaj peev xwm xa cov ntaub ntawv. Lub teeb liab propagates nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kev taw qhia. Hauv qhov no, ib qho ntawm cov nodes muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. Thaum kawg ntawm lub tsheb npav, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb no tau teeb tsa - "terminators" uas txwv lub teeb liab.

cov khoom siv sib txuas lus network
cov khoom siv sib txuas lus network

npav npav kuj yog lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hnub qub uas cov kab hluav taws xob passive yog lub hauv paus.

cov khoom siv sib txuas lus ethernet
cov khoom siv sib txuas lus ethernet

Nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib topology, cov ntaub ntawv raug pauv ntawm ib lub tshuab mus rau lwm tus - raws lub nplhaib.

hom khoom siv sib txuas lus
hom khoom siv sib txuas lus

Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog tsob ntoo topology, qhov twg lub hauv paus ntawm "ntoo" yog lub hauv paus redirector. Lub ntsiab cable txuas nrog nws. Thiab twb mus rau nws - ob peb lub network sawv daws yuav. Qhov zaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov. Kev hloov pauv zaus yog nqa tawm ntawm cov cag ntoo.

cov khoom siv sib txuas lus ua haujlwm
cov khoom siv sib txuas lus ua haujlwm

Network technology

Technologies rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub network yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev cai thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov lus thiab ntim rau kev xa tawm hauv lub network.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem no, nrog rau software thiab kho vajtse uas siv lawv, hu ua network technology.

Cell signal boosters

Ib tug neeg hauv lub neej niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem xav txog ib hnub tsis muaj xov tooj lossis xov tooj ntawm tes. Nws pab kev sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg hlub, phooj ywg, thiab tom haujlwm. Feem ntau, cov txiaj ntsig muaj ntau heev.

Kev sib txuas lus ntawm tes yuav tsis raug ntes zoo nyob txhua qhov chawxov tooj. Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb rau thaj chaw deb (suburbs).

Thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chaw zoo li no, cov neeg sawv cev kev sib txuas lus nruab lub xov tooj ntawm tes amplifiers, uas tseem siv tau rau cov khoom siv sib txuas lus tau tham hauv kab lus.

Qhov no yog ib qho system tshwj xeeb uas muaj lub kav hlau txais xov sab nraud (tau txais thiab xa cov teeb liab mus rau lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb), tus repeater (ncaj qha amplifier), lub kav hlau txais xov sab hauv (vim nws muaj teeb liab hauv chav.) thiab cable.

CV

Cia peb sau ib tsab xov xwm, uas tej zaum yuav tsis hais txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov cuam tshuam nrog cov cuab yeej sib txuas lus tob heev. Tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus meej thiab tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis.

Thiab tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau txiav txim siab thiab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas hauv computer tau piav qhia, ua tsaug rau cov ntaub ntawv xa mus.

Txhua lwm yam, cov lus qhia tob ntxiv txog cov cuab yeej sib txuas lus tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.

Pom zoo: