Qib ntawm "kev noj qab haus huv zoo" ntawm cov neeg Lavxias niaj hnub no nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm qhov muaj tsuas yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub zog - hluav taws xob. Yuav luag tag nrho cov tib neeg xav tau ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum yog ua raws li lub zog no - teeb pom kev zoo vaj tsev thiab txoj kev, ua zaub mov, khaws cov nqaij thiab ntses, cua sov chav nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab tau txais dej kub, chav txias thiab qhov cua hauv qhov cua sov, theem. ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab lwm yam haujlwm, yam tsis muaj qhov nyuaj rau xav txog koj lub neej. Yog li ntawd, kev tso cov xaim hauv chav tsev lossis khaws cia qhov qub yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev.
ua haujlwm hluav taws xob
Hnub no, hluav taws xob mus rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau lossis cuam tshuam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog them rau cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov neeg muag khoom yam tsis muaj kev ncua sijhawm. Lwm qhov yog kho lub zog hauv tsevtes hauj lwm. Cov tuam txhab lag luam koom nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub network tsuas yog nce mus txog tus neeg siv khoom lub 'meter'. Hauv chav tsev nws tus kheej, tus tswv nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thiab nws tuaj yeem npaj tag nrho cov teeb pom kev zoo, lub zog thiab qhov hluav taws xob cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws naj npawb thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw yooj yim rau siv nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev.
Tsuas muaj ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb: tus tswv puas muaj peev xwm ua tau haujlwm zoo li no? Yog tias tsis yog, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob sim sib cav nrog cov theem voltage hauv lub network. Qhov no tuaj yeem xaus tu siab heev rau tus tswv tsev, thiab rau nws tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog zoo dua mus ntiav ib tug hluav taws xob los nteg cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub tsev apartment thiab tsis nco qab txog cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm. Tab sis yog tias tus tswv tsev tswj hwm kev kho hluav taws xob, ces daim phiaj hluav taws xob nyob hauv tes zoo.
txoj cai ua haujlwm nyab xeeb
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm hluav taws xob, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tus kws hluav taws xob yuav tsum paub txog cov cai rau kev tso cov xaim hauv chav tsev. Lawv tsis tso dag nrog cov hluav taws xob tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm zoo li no txaus ntshai heev yog tias koj tsis paub cov ntsiab lus thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev nyob hauv tus qauv, muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov voltage rau txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau sib txawv. Qhov xwm txheej nrog daim phiaj hluav taws xob yog qhov nyuaj heev tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov tsev uas tau txhim tsa ntev dhau los, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv qee lub tsev tshiab, vim nws tsis muaj sijhawm los hloov kho kom zoo thiab tiv thaiv tag nrho.qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab.
Txhawm rau khaws cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tes, koj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim muab hluav taws xob hauv tsev nyob hauv txhua chav hauv koj lub tsev. Nrog rau kev yuav khoom ntawm cov qauv tom ntej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev thauj khoom.
Ib qho teeb meem sib cais thiab hnyav yuav yog qhov tso hluav taws xob thaiv, uas yog ua ke nrog kev kho qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw. Tom qab tag nrho, kev tso cov xov hlau yog nqa tawm, raws li txoj cai, hauv cov phab ntsa.
Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, koj yuav tsum npaj ib tug tshiab fais fab mov project rau ib lub tsev los yog chav tsev. Qib nyuaj yog kev tshaj lij. Daim duab kos yuav tsum muaj daim duab kos duab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub network thiab cov npe ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog. Lub vev xaib nkag mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xaim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub network yog cim, kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov thawv cais, cov qhov hluav taws xob tshiab, ntau yam keyboards, teeb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tom qab ua raws li cov kauj ruam no, nws yuav ua tau rau kos lub voltage load xam thiab xaiv tus ntoo khaub lig-section ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm conductors.
Kev xaim hnub no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab zoo. Muaj ob peb ntawm lawv nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo sib txawv, pom zoo cov chaw thov thiab, tau kawg, tus nqi. Txhua yam khoom muaj nws tus kheej hom thiab cov tswv yim, kos cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim khoom.
txoj kab tshiab
Kev tso cov xaim tshiab hauv ib chav tsev yog qhov muaj ntau thiab txawm tias loj heev. Thaum koj muaj chav tsev tshiab, qhov kev paub sai sai los ntawm cov no yog cov teeb meem tshiab nrog kev xaim. Thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis yog siab heev, thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus txuas tsis yog heevtxaus siab, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab xav tau cov kab hluav taws xob tshiab.
Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tshwm sim thaum kho loj hauv chav tsev qub. Tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem hloov kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub qhov (socket), kho tag nrho cov xaim hluav taws xob, rov khij lub teeb tsa ntawm lub zog txuas cov ntsiab lus kom nws xis nyob thiab nyab xeeb.
Qee lub sij hawm muaj kev ntxias kom txuag nyiaj hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov xaim hauv chav tsev - ua "vinaigrette" los ntawm cov khoom qub ntawm cov xov hlau uas tawg tawg. Qhov no yeej tsis tsim nyog ua. Ua ntej, nws yog qhov txaus ntshai, thiab qhov thib ob, cov xov hlau zoo li no tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav thaum lub sijhawm tsis tsim nyog, thiab nws zoo yog tias tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej kub ntxhov.
Peb-plug
Yuav luag txhua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsim tawm tsis ntev los no muaj peb-prong yas ntsaws nrog. Siv koj lub sijhawm los tso cov xaim hluav taws xob hauv chav tsev hauv cov leeg no. Ua raws li lub sijhawm, cov tswv tsev feem ntau tej zaum yuav xav nruab qhov tseeb peb-prong qhov (socket) thaum txhim kho lub qhov (socket) tom ntej.
Cov khoom no lawv tus kheej, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj mob, qib European tus qauv, npaj rau kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj chav tsev nyob hauv ib lub tsev tsim rov qab rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm (qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1950 - 1970), ces daim phiaj hluav taws xob tej zaum yuav raug teeb tsa raws li GOST ntawm cov xyoo ntawd, thiab qhov tshiab, raws li TN-S lossis. TN-C-S schemes, tsuas yog npaj. Hauv qhov no, txawm tias me me jumpers tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nruab nrab ntawm kev sib cuag xoom thiab hauv av sib cuag ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob. Qhov no txaus ntshai heev.
Planning
Tau saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, peb yuav tsum tau mus rau thawj theem ntawm kev xaim hauv chav tsev, qhov yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm - kev npaj. Feem ntau cov kab kos duab yog qhov raug, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuaj rau nws. Lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv daim duab kab hluav taws xob hauv tsev yuav yog ib daim thaiv hauv chav tsev. Hluav taws xob hla nws mus rau lub tsev, thiab cov xov hlau yuav tsum tau rub los ntawm nws.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tsim yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg chav. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog ob peb chav (nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm chav tsev), chav ua noj, chav dej, chav tsev, yog tias koj muaj hmoo, chav ntxiv, piv txwv li, pantry, chav hnav khaub ncaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nyiaj no cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee yam khoom siv. Tej zaum lawv yuav xav tau ib txoj kab tshwj xeeb ntxiv. Feem ntau, muaj ob lub xov hlau mus rau qhov ntawd: qhov hu ua xoom thiab theem, qee zaum ib feem peb tam sim no tau ntxiv - grounding.
Tau kawg, ua-nws-koj tus kheej xaim hauv ib chav tsev yuav tsum ua tiav tom qab suav raug. Nco ntsoov lub tsev kawm ntawv chav kawm hauv physics thiab chav kawm hauv electrodynamics.
Network qhov chaw
Hauv lub tsev vaj huam sib luag zoo tib yam, cov xaim hluav taws xob feem ntau yog muab zais, muab zais rau hauv qhov chaw nyob hauv phab ntsa lossis muab zais hauv qab phab ntsa qhuav thiab phab ntsa. Yog li ntawd, kev tso cov xaim hauv chav tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes tuaj yeem pib nrog kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv chav tsev.
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw tawm. Hauv cov tsev qub qub ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, raws li txoj cai, tau nyob ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab lawv covnws yog ib qho nyuaj heev nrhiav tam sim no. Hauv peb lub xyoo pua, qhov chaw raug suav hais tias yog 40 centimeters los ntawm qib hauv pem teb. Qee lub sij hawm xws li kev daws teeb meem yuav zoo li tsis zoo, tab sis muaj cov laj thawj rau qhov no: lub qhov (sockets) nyob rau hauv txoj kev no tom qab cov txee thiab cov rooj yuav luag tsis pom, thaum txuas lawv ze rau lub hom phiaj, koj yuav tsis txhob txwm ntes lawv, thiab, tsis muaj tsawg dua. Ib qho tseem ceeb, xws li thaiv nyob rau hauv lub tsev yuav tsum tau ob peb tsawg cable. Tsuas muaj ib qho kev hloov maj mam: thaum txuas cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsum tau ntswj qis heev.
Chaw nyob
Kev ywj pheej tso cov xaim zais hauv chav tsev yog qee qhov haujlwm nyuaj txawm tias cov kws tshaj lij. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, koj yuav ntseeg tau tias kev teeb tsa tau ua tiav ib puas feem pua raws li cov lus qhia. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev xaim:
- ntev nyob rau hauv plaster thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho / overhaul;
- ncab hauv cov yeeb nkab polymer corrugated;
- ntev hauv lub thawv yas.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov xaim hauv chav tsev yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kom muaj qhov sib npaug thiab raug, thiab qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm chav tsev thiab koj nyiam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov twg koj tau tso lub cable, los yog, tsis txhob cia siab rau koj lub cim xeeb, kos rau ntawm qhov kev npaj chav tsev, txwv tsis pub cov ntsia hlau siv rau nws lub hom phiaj yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, lossis txawm tias ib tus neeg paub txog. lub zog tam sim no.
Kev siv hluav taws xob
Rau qhov pom kev pom thiab kev nyab xeeb, ua-nws-koj tus kheej xaim hauv chav tsev tshiab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev tsim lub kaw lus zais. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev apartment phab ntsa, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntom zoo nkauj tiav los yog lwm yam ntsiab. Qhov kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws tuaj yeem yog cov xaim hluav taws xob hauv cov tsev nyob hauv cov phab ntsa ntub dej nyuaj, pw nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, txij li qhov no lub cable tau zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm txhua yam kev puas tsuaj. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev xaiv kho no yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thiab yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ib txhij nrog ntau yam cuab yeej.
Txoj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob sib txuas ua ke nrog nws cov kev teeb tsa nrog cov kab thaiv kab thaiv. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj ib txhij siv qhov zoo ntawm kev kaw thiab qhib thaiv - txheeb ze kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo li zoo.
Gender
Kev tso cov xaim hauv cov phab ntsa tseem tsis tau ua ke nrog cov teeb meem xws li tso cov xaim rau hauv pem teb hauv chav tsev. Txoj kev muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Thiab txhawm rau txo qis cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov xaim thiab txiav txim siab raws nraim pes tsawg lub ntsiab lus hluav taws xob koj yuav muaj. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv yav tom ntej.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav dhau los ua teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua tiav ib txoj cai. Nws hais tias tag nrho cov hlws ris thiab cable ceg yuav tsum pub dawb rau kev tu thiab kho lub teeb.
Kev xaiv kom tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej noqee. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog qhov kev npaj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob hauv cov phab ntsa saum toj no hauv pem teb. Txawm ntau zaus, chav tsev thaiv yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo tib yam li cov thawv sib txuas. Muaj tseeb, nyob rau hauv qhov kev xaiv no muaj ib tug loj muaj peev xwm nuisance. Yog tias cov xaim uas pub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tsis ua haujlwm, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog tom ntej yuav ua haujlwm tsis tau.
Qhov chaw muaj peev xwm ntawm lub thawv sib txuas hauv ib qho chaw nyob hauv qab qab nthab. Tab sis qhov no tshem tawm tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tso cov kab hluav taws xob rau hauv pem teb hauv chav tsev thiab ua rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm cov xaim zais.
Qab nthab
Thaum kawg, lwm lub dav hlau ntawm chav tsev uas koj yuav tsum tau nrog yog lub qab nthab. Tso cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm lub qab nthab hauv chav tsev nws muaj nws cov subtleties. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntawm hom nto. Nyob ntawm seb lub qab nthab yog cov pob zeb, ntoo lossis yas, cov hlua yuav mus.
Feem ntau, thawj theem muaj cov kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ua thiab caum lub qab nthab rau cov xov hluav taws xob kom nws zais. Yog tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau vim qhov xwm txheej ntawm chav tsev, nws raug nquahu kom sim nteg cov xov hlau hauv qab lub qab nthab cuav. Txoj kev no muaj ntau yam ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv thiab teeb meem, tab sis thaum kawg nws yuav muaj peev xwm khaws tau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov tiav thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Tus nqi xaim hauv Russia, Ukraine
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej ua haujlwm hluav taws xob yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Tab sis yog tias koj tsis muajkev txawj ntse, ces koj yuav ntiav ib tug electrician. Cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas ntawm cov xaim tshiab lossis hloov cov hlua qub, kho cov keyboards, cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm txoj haujlwm no tuaj yeem xaim hauv chav tsev hauv Krivoy Rog. Kev tuaj xyuas dawb ntawm tus tswv yog muab rau kev ntsuas dav dav ntawm qhov xwm txheej nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob network. Masters muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev ua haujlwm loj: los ntawm kev hloov lub teeb mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm kev hloov cov xaim, hloov lub qhov (socket), hloov pauv, hloov kho cov chandeliers, teeb meem hauv lub network, commissioning cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
Tus nqi kho mob me me: kev txhim kho lub qhov (socket), ib qho kev hloov pauv yuav raug nqi mus txog plaub caug hryvnia, lub qhov (socket) rau lub qhov cub hluav taws xob hauv tsev - txog li tsib caug hryvnia, txhim kho qhov hloov pauv hauv lub qhov (socket) qub nrog tib lub sijhawm. kev sib txuas - mus txog rau caum hryvnia, thiab lwm yam.
Hauv Russia, tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kuj tseem pheej yig. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub installation ntawm keyboards los yog sockets yuav raug nqi ob puas thiab tsib caug rubles ib tug, ib tug tsom teeb - peb puas rubles, ib tug chandelier - tsib puas thiab tsib caug rubles. Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov xaim yuav raug nqi los ntawm tsib caug rubles ib kab 'meter', thawv - los ntawm tsib caug rubles ib 1 pc. Txuas lub qhov cub hluav taws xob thiab qhov cub yuav raug nqi ib thiab ib nrab txhiab rubles. Kev txhim kho cov xaim tshiab hauv ib chav tsev yuav raug nqi ntawm kaum tsib txhiab rubles thiab ntau dua.
Nyob hauv cheeb tsam, qee yam pheej yig dua, qee yam kim dua. Cov kab mob thiabcov thawv yog nyob rau tib tus nqi ntau. Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov (socket) thiab cov keyboards - kaum rau kaum tsib rubles pheej yig dua. Muaj ntau nyob ntawm seb koj puas ntiav ib tus neeg ua haujlwm lossis cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum siab dua, tab sis cov tuam txhab, raws li txoj cai, muab kev lees paub, thiab feem ntau ua haujlwm zoo dua. Txawm tias txhua yam nyob ntawm tus tswv.
