Niaj hnub nimno ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xaiv dav, uas feem ntau ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab zoo. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv, tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov tub txawg koom nyob rau hauv kev muag khoom ntawm ntoo. Ua ntej yuav khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub txog koj tus kheej nrog qhov tsis xws luag uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tus nqi thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ua thiab cov qauv nta uas ntoo muaj. Ntau yam, hom tsiaj, nrog rau kev loj hlob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom zoo thiab kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau nws siv.
Ntse
Ntoo, zoo ib yam li lwm yam khoom siv rau kev tsim kho, yog cais raws qib. Qhov parameter no nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev ua ntoo thiab nws cov yam ntxwv. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab hom yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, yog li qhov no feem ntau ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeebcov tsos ntawm cov khoom yuav los txiav txim qhov zoo thiab lub hom phiaj.
Ntoo: Qib 1
Ntau yam raug xaiv los ntawm tus lej ntawm ib mus rau tsib. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog xaiv qib ntoo, GOST uas muaj cov txheej txheem nruj dua txog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv shipbuilding thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag.
Cov kab nrib pleb me me, pob qhov rooj thiab qhov sib cais tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis muaj nqi. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov tsaus ntuj nti, kab mob parasites, rotting, fungus thiab pwm. Ua piv txwv, koj tuaj yeem siv lub rooj tsavxwm edged - nws yuav tsum qhuav, tsis muaj cov khoom tuag, ntev los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab pom kev puas tsuaj. Yuav tsum tsis muaj tub ntxhais, yob, thiab tag nrho txoj kab nqes ntawm cov fibers tuaj yeem nyob hauv 5%. Cov khoom zoo li no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo nkauj txaus nyiam. Lawv yog siv rau hauv kev ua tiav, sab nrauv, sab hauv thiab hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv thauj khoom.
Ntoo: Qib 2
Cov khoom no, tsis zoo li thawj zaug, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Nws tuaj yeem muaj cov kab nrib pleb nrog qhov ntev tsis tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lawv qhov dav thiab qhov tob nyob ntawm tib theem. Tej zaum muaj ib qho kab mob loj ntawm cov kab mob los yog ob peb tus me me. Cov qib thawj thiab qib thib ob ntawm cov ntoo muaj qhov sib txawv tsawg, yog li qhov kev xaiv tom kawg tau dhau los ua ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov.
Vim 3, 4, 5
Qib thib peb ntawm cov ntoo yog tsim rau decking, sheathing thiab hloov chawcov khoom me me. Yuav luag txhua yam ntawm qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm nws, suav nrog cov kab wormholes, rot, tsaus me ntsis thiab pwm. Tej zaum qhov muaj cov kab nrib pleb sib sib zog nqus nrog qhov ntev tsis ntau tshaj qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom.
Qib plaub yog siv thaum sawing rau hauv me me, erecting ntsiab nyob rau hauv tsawg load, nrog rau kev tsim cov ntim thiab ntim. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm GOST yog kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thaum muaj qhov tsis xws luag thiab tag nrho cov qauv yuav tshwm sim.
Qib tsib muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nws tsis yog tsim rau sheathing, rooj tog thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Feem ntau siv rau lub qhov cub thiab qhov cub.
Txhua yam muaj nqi sib txawv thiab siv rau qee qhov haujlwm. Paub txog cov ntoo, koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog nrog cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog, tab sis kuj txuag cov peev nyiaj, txij li qee qhov lawv tuaj yeem hloov tau ib leeg.
koob
Ntoo muaj resinous, tart tsw thiab ib tug meej qauv. Cedar, fir thiab ntoo thuv tau txais kev faib loj tshaj plaws; lawv tau siv ob qho tib si hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom thiab hauv kev tsim tsev thiab lwm yam khoom. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm ntoo thuv, nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo sib txawv, uas tsis nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo.
Ntawm qhov zoo nws tsim nyog sau cia lub teeb, lub zog, tiv thaiv huab cua tsis zoo thiab cov txheej txheem lwj vim muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm resins. Nws yog xoobqauv muab siab adhesion nrog cov xim thiab varnishes.
Spruce yog qhov thib ob hauv qhov chaw. Nws tsis muaj xws li cov npe dav dav ntawm qhov zoo li ntoo thuv, nws nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm vim nws cov qauv denser thiab ntau pob. Vim qhov tsawg kawg nkaus resin cov ntsiab lus, cov khoom spruce muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev tiv thaiv los nag thiab lwj.
Softwood ntau yam tau muab faib ua tib yam li cov ntoo tawv, lawv cov qauv zoo yog txiav txim siab los ntawm GOST 24454-80. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias ntxiv rau qhov kev xaiv tus lej, koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm A mus rau E. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum yuav khoom kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev nrog kev xaiv.
Hardwood
Cov khoom tau los ntawm cov ntoo deciduous yog qhov dav tshaj plaws thiab muaj qhov tsawg, yuav luag tsis hnov tsw, uas ua rau pom tsuas yog thaum ua thiab sawing. Hardwoods (xws li ntoo qhib, tshauv thiab birch) yog indispensable nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov rooj tog thiab flooring. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, ntoo qhib muaj lub zog muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv kom lwj. Cov qauv khoom tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw, siv nws los tsim cov fasteners thiab nkhaus ntsiab.
Aspen, linden thiab alder yog cov ntoo mos. Qhov ntau yam no muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm profiles, hauv ob sab phlu, cav thiab ntoo. Cov ntoo mos muaj qhov qis dua ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntawmpiv rau cov ntoo ntoo thiab yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb kom tiv thaiv kev lwj.
Kev tsis txaus siab
Kev tsis haum yog cov cim ntawm kev puas tsuaj uas tshwm sim thaum ua thiab kev thauj mus los. Lub inclination ntawm cov fibers feem ntau tshwm tom qab sib cais los ntawm longitudinal axis. Feem ntau muaj qhov curvature ntawm ib sab ntawm cov pob caus, uas tuaj yeem dhau los, vim qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom deteriorates.
Qhov zoo ntawm ntoo cuam tshuam tsis yog los ntawm kev yug me nyuam, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev loj hlob (kub, av). Cov khoom ntawm tib qib, txiav hauv cov cheeb tsam sib txawv, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm hardness. Qhov ntsuas no yog ntsuas ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb teev, uas yuav siv lub hardness ntawm ntoo qhib raws li qhov pib taw tes.
Lub zog ntawm cov khoom qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov muaj qhov tsis xws luag, av noo thiab pob zeb. Tensile lub zog yog hais txog kev ntxhov siab uas ua rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv
Nws raug nquahu kom koj tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv koj tus kheej ua ntej yuav khoom. Kev txiav txim rau tej thaj chaw deb tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm cov chaw muag khoom muaj koob npe. Ua ntej yuav mus rau lub tsev khaws khoom, nws tsim nyog nqa lub planer nrog koj, uas koj tuaj yeem ntxuav cov chaw qias neeg sai sai los xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej thiab xim.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muaj fiber ntau, txheej tsis sib xws, pob qhov rooj thiab cov kab nrib pleb. Ntawm qhov zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv ntxivntoo ziab nyhuv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev ua tsis paub ntawv, tawg, ua txhaum ntawm geometry thiab resizing yog ua tau.
Yuav ua li cas rau
Feem ntau cov chaw muag khoom muag cov ntoo mos ntawm hom coniferous - ntoo thuv, fir, spruce thiab lwm yam. Raws li txoj cai, cov khoom no yog muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom nrog tus qauv qhov ntev. Hauv qhov no, ib lossis ntau qhov chaw tuaj yeem ua tiav. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, txij li tom qab kev npaj qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom raug txo los ntawm ob peb millimeters, thiab qhov tseeb tsis yuav txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom.
Softwood yog txheeb raws li qhov muaj qhov tsis xws luag (me me me, pob qhov rooj) thiab qhov sib xws ntawm cov txheej. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog tsim rau kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub hauv ob sab phlu thiab lwm yam khoom tiav. Rau kev tsim cov rooj tog zaum thiab cov kws ntoo, cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo li tsis zoo. Lub zog siab yog xav tau hauv kev tsim cov qauv, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau lub hom phiaj no feem ntau tsis pom muaj nyob rau hauv Tshuag hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, raws li lawv tau txiav txim.
Ua ntej yuav, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias muaj daim ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov khoom. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias tsis yog txhua hom ntoo yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau ua, tab sis feem ntau cov neeg tsim khoom tau sim kos tag nrho cov khoom muag hauv daim ntawv kom raug.
