Lub hauv paus ruaj khov: hom, kev faib tawm, xav tau rau daim ntawv thov, muaj pes tsawg leeg, suav thiab daim ntawv thov

Cov txheej txheem:

Lub hauv paus ruaj khov: hom, kev faib tawm, xav tau rau daim ntawv thov, muaj pes tsawg leeg, suav thiab daim ntawv thov
Lub hauv paus ruaj khov: hom, kev faib tawm, xav tau rau daim ntawv thov, muaj pes tsawg leeg, suav thiab daim ntawv thov

Video: Lub hauv paus ruaj khov: hom, kev faib tawm, xav tau rau daim ntawv thov, muaj pes tsawg leeg, suav thiab daim ntawv thov

Video: Lub hauv paus ruaj khov: hom, kev faib tawm, xav tau rau daim ntawv thov, muaj pes tsawg leeg, suav thiab daim ntawv thov
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Nyob rau hauv suburban thiab cov tsev siab siab, cov hauv paus ntawm ntau hom tuaj yeem tsim. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, khoom slab foundations yog poured nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Xws li cov hauv paus, dhau los, kuj tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom. Ua ntej pib nchuav ib lub hauv paus ruaj khov, tau kawg, nws cov qauv tsim los ntawm qhov tsis ua tsis tiav.

Yuav tsum thov

Slab foundations yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub hauv paus hauv tsev. Daim kab xev thiab columnar nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lawv yog superior nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw ntawm hom qauv no loj heev. Lawv yog cov hauv paus ruaj khov, cov pob zeb tuab tuab hauv qab lub tsev tag nrho.

Kev tsim kho ntawm slab foundation
Kev tsim kho ntawm slab foundation

Kev tsim kho cov qauv, tau kawg, yog kim heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub teb chaws qis-nce tsev, lub hauv paus ntawm hom no, tsis zoo li lwm tus, tsis tuaj yeem nchuav nrog pob zeb siv cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Hauv qhov no, cov cement mortar yuav tsum tau xaj kom npaj ua ntej. Pouring kua qhob rau hauv formworktxhim kho lub hauv paus zoo li no los ntawm lub tank siv lub hose. Thiab qhov no, tau kawg, ua rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus tseem kim dua.

Vim tus nqi siab, cov hauv paus tau txhim tsa nrog cov pob zeb hauv qab cov tsev tsis tshua muaj. Lawv txoj kev tsim kho feem ntau suav hais tias tsim nyog tsuas yog thaum lub tsev tsim los ntawm cov av tsis zoo li qub. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib qho khoom slab tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev ncaj ncees ntawm lwm lub tsev thaum tsiv.

Tsis tas li, cov hauv paus ntawm hom no tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ntau hom tsev ntawm thaj chaw me me. Piv txwv li, qee zaum vaj gazebos tau ua rau ntawm lub hauv paus zoo li no. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv xws li cov qauv, tau kawg, columnar foundations yog tsim. Lub hauv paus ruaj khov, txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no kuj tuaj yeem yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo.

Lub qhov cub hauv qab gazebo lossis me me outbuilding, tau kawg, yuav me me heev. Nrog me me qhov tob ntawm pob zeb, nws yuav tsis siv ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav muaj peev xwm ncuav lub slab nyob rau hauv lub gazebo yam tsis muaj kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb nrog cov pab - manually ntawm ib lub sij hawm.

Foundation slab
Foundation slab

hom tseem ceeb los ntawm txoj kev sau

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim tsev, cov hauv paus ruaj khov tuaj yeem txhim kho:

  • tsis tau faus;
  • khaw;
  • sib sib zog nqus.

thawj hom ntawm lub hauv paus tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv thaj chaw uas tsis muaj qhov dej khov. Lawv tsim lub tsev tshwj xeeb ntawm ib cheeb tsam me me ntawm cov hauv paus uas tsis yog faus. Lub thickness ntawm cov qauv no, nyob ntawm seb hom av, tuaj yeemHloov pauv tsis pub dhau 30-50 cm. Qee zaum cov tsev cib hnyav kuj tau txhim tsa rau ntawm cov hauv paus zoo li no. Tab sis kev siv cov pob zeb uas tsis yog faus rau hauv qab cov qauv no tsuas yog tso cai rau cov av pob zeb xwb.

Cov hauv paus ntiav ntiav feem ntau yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov tsev me me. Lub qhov hauv qab lawv yog khawb heev ntiav. Feem ntau, thaum pouring xws li ib lub hauv paus rau ntawm qhov chaw, sab saum toj fertile av txheej tsuas yog tshem tawm raws li cov cim. Lub hauv paus tob tsuas yog ua rau ntawm cov av hnyav hauv qab cov tsev hnyav.

Gazebo ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov
Gazebo ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov

Type by design

Nyob rau hauv qhov no, cov hauv paus ruaj khov yog qhov txawv:

  • monolithic;
  • lattice.

thawj hom ntawm lub hauv paus yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke. Lub hauv paus monolithic yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Tab sis ntawm cov av tsis ntseeg siab heev, cov hauv paus nrog stiffeners tuaj yeem raug nruab. Cov tom kawg yog nchuav ncaj qha rau hauv qhov cub.

Qee zaum cov npoo ntawm lub lattice puag tuaj yeem coj mus rau saum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yog tsim los ntawm lawv siv kwv yees li tib yam technology raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus sawb. Thaum siv hom khoom siv hauv tsev no, nrog rau lwm yam, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau hauv qab daus. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no hais tias, piv txwv li, hnyav faus slab foundations feem ntau yog poured.

Tsim

Thaum tsim cov duab kos ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov, tau kawg, thawj qhov chawyuav tsum txiav txim siab nws thickness. Thaum tsim cov tsev loj hauv nroog, cov kev suav no tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij siv ntau cov qauv.

Hauv kev tsim kho tus kheej, ib qho kev txhim kho pob zeb hauv paus rau lub tsev me tuaj yeem tsim nws tus kheej. Hauv qhov no, feem ntau yuav, koj tsis tas yuav suav dab tsi. Muaj cov qauv ntsuas ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov hauv paus no rau qee hom tsev, uas tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib qhov project.

Yog li, piv txwv li:

  • arbors thiab lub teeb outbuildings yog tsim los ntawm cov hauv paus ruaj khov 100-150 mm tuab;
  • nyob rau hauv lub teeb thav duab ntiag tug, nrog rau ib-zaj dab neeg cav thiab thaiv tsev, lub hauv paus ntawm hom no feem ntau yog nchuav los ntawm 200-300 hli;
  • cov hauv paus ruaj khov 250-350 hli tuab yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv pob zeb lossis cov tsev ua los ntawm cib lossis ob-zaj dab neeg txiav;
  • nyob rau hauv ob-los yog peb-zaj tsev ua los ntawm cib lossis pob zeb, nws yuav tsum tau sau cov slab hauv paus los ntawm 300-400 hli.
Lub hauv paus rau hauv av tsis ruaj khov
Lub hauv paus rau hauv av tsis ruaj khov

Load collection

Yog tias koj xav tau, tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem ua tus lej suav tseeb ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov thaum tsim lub tsev hauv tebchaws. Kev sau cov khoom thauj thaum lub sij hawm nchuav ntawm cov qauv zoo li no tau txiav txim siab coj mus rau hauv tus account:

  • tsis tu ncua ntawm lub ru tsev, qab nthab, phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam;
  • thauj khoom ib ntus - daus, rooj tog, neeg.

Lub load tas li yog xam nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv los sib sau ua ke lub tsev thiab lawv cov kev txwv. Raws li cov qauv, qhov loj ntawm phab ntsa yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm qhib.

Nyhav ntawm slab nws tus kheej thaum xam cov hauv paus ruaj khov:

  • ntawm cov av xuab zeb tsis suav nrog;
  • av nplaum muab faib ua ib nrab;
  • on quicksand yog coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho.

daus daus ntawm lub hauv paus yog txiav txim siab raws li rooj 10.1 ntawm kev sib koom ua lag luam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus parameter yog coj mus rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb no. Kev faib khoom sib xws rau cov tsev nyob yog suav tias yog 150 kg / m 2. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom hnyav heev uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsev yog txiav txim siab cais.

Kev xaiv cov khoom

Kev sau ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm cov hauv paus zoo li no suav nrog, yog li, tib yam li ntawm cov kab ntawv thiab cov hauv paus. Lub hauv paus ruaj khov, zoo li lwm yam, yog nchuav rau hauv feem ntau, ntawm chav kawm, los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov tuab ntawm lub hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim xam cov khoom siv rau nws txoj kev tsim kho.

Txhim kho lub hauv paus ruaj khov
Txhim kho lub hauv paus ruaj khov

Qhob rau kev tsim kho cov hauv paus ruaj khov feem ntau yog siv qib B15-B25. Koj tuaj yeem, ntawm chav kawm, ncuav slab foundations nrog kev siv cov tshuaj zoo dua thiab ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no feem ntau suav tias yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo vim qhov nce ntawm cov nqi ua haujlwm. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm slab puag hauv txhua rooj plaub yog qhov muaj zog ntxiv.

Ntxiv rau pob zeb, rau kev tsim kho xws lilub hauv paus tseem yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv xws li xuab zeb, reinforcing tuav thiab ib tug waterproofing neeg sawv cev. Yuav kom sib sau cov formwork, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov boards. Raws li cov qauv, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv sawn ntoo nrog ib tug tuab ntawm tsawg kawg yog 30 hli los tsim ib tug casting pwm rau lub slab puag ntawm lub tsev. Ua ntej nchuav cov tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv formwork raug pom zoo kom muab cov ntaub qhwv yas.

pob zeb thiab rebar

Xaiv cov khoom siv uas xav tau los nchuav lub hauv paus, ntxiv rau qhov tuab ntawm cov slab, suav nrog qhov tseeb tias:

  • ntawm cov npoo, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau dhau ntawm lub tsev tsawg kawg yog 10 cm;
  • rebars rau slab yuav tsum yog 6 cm luv dua nws;
  • rods yog ntsia thaum pouring increments ntawm 40 cm;
  • cov xuab zeb cushion yuav tsum tau ncua dhau lub tsev los ntawm 10 cm;
  • waterproof thaum nchuav haum nrog me me.

Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom siv vov tsev ua cov dej tsis sib haum rau kev nchuav lub hauv paus.

Pouring qhob rau hauv formwork
Pouring qhob rau hauv formwork

txheej txheem ua haujlwm

Slab foundations yog nchuav rau hauv ob peb kauj ruam. Yav dhau los, lub qhov tob ntawm qhov tsim tau khawb rau ntawm qhov chaw.

Ntxiv mus, cov pob zeb crushed yog nchuav rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov dej txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem dej. Xuab zeb tau muab tso rau saum toj los tsim lub hauv ncoo txhawb nqa. Cov txheej no yuav tsum yog yam tsawg 15 cm tuab.

Ntawm cov xuab zeb cushion nyob rau theem tom ntej, thaum teeb tsa lub hauv paus ruaj khov, muaj ntau theem kev txhawb nqa lub tawb raug teeb tsa,txuam nrog kev siv cov hlau. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li rau lub volumetric mesh tom qab nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm pob zeb, tshwj xeeb yas stands los yog tuav 5 cm tuab yog preliminarily muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov.

Ntxiv rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub qhov, formwork los ntawm cov laug cam yog mounted. Rau nws lub rooj sib txoos, siv tus kheej tapping screws thiab kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ib lub bar.

Thaum kawg, pob zeb tau nchuav rau hauv lub qhov dej ntawm lub tank. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nteg cov sib tov, tsis xws luag uas tshwm sim manually tshem tawm. Los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm, ib txheej ntawm pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub qhov yog pierced nrog shovels kom tshem tawm cov pa npuas. Nyob rau theem kawg, qhov saum npoo ntawm lub phaj yog ua tib zoo leveled.

Txhawm rau sau lub lattice khoom siv hauv paus hauv lub qhov, ua ntej sau cov pob zeb crushed, lawv khawb ntev trenches. Cov pob zeb tau nchuav rau hauv lawv tom qab tsim cov tav.

Yuav ua li cas ncuav lub foundation slab
Yuav ua li cas ncuav lub foundation slab

kawg theem

Tom qab lub hauv paus tau nchuav lawm, nws raug nquahu kom npog lub slab nrog yas qhwv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nyob rau hauv 2 lub lis piam, lub phaj yuav tsum tau ib ntus moistened nrog dej. Qhov no yuav zam cov tsos ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Nws raug tso cai los txhim kho cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus, xws li lwm yam, tsuas yog tom qab cov pob zeb tau tag nrho matured. Ntawd yog, kwv yees li 28 hnub tom qab nchuav.

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