Raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm chav tsev nyob, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv yog siv rau nws cov khoom siv. Yog tias nws yuav siv tau raws li lub caij nyoog, nws tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv sib zog - cov kab ntoo rau lub caij ntuj sov rau kev ua si. Thiab yog tias koj npaj yuav nyob ib xyoos puag ncig hauv qhov chaw muaj huab cua hnyav dua, koj yuav tsum ua kom nws peev, nrog kev txhim khu kev qha thermal.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau lub qab nthab nrog koj tus kheej tes: cov lus qhia ua ntu zus
Yuav tsim ib lub tsev, pib ntawm kos, koj yuav tsum muaj kev paub, kawm cov lus qhia ua ntu zus, uas qhia meej txog cov cai tsim koj tus kheej lub tsev. Thawj cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev yog ib lub tsev npaj, uas muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tug attic, uas los ntawm ob peb hom. Qhov no yog ib qho tsim nrog kev tso tawm sab nraum phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Los yog yuav nruab rau hauv qhov chaw qab nthab hauv qab lub ru tsev.
Thawj saib nrog kev tso tawm sab nraud ntawm phab ntsa pem hauv ntej yuav tsum tau tsim cov thav duab ntawm cov cav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov cav ntawm cov kab ntev ntev yog tsim los ntawm ob peb meters dhau ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm sab xub ntiagphab ntsa tsev. Rau txoj hlua khi, cov kab ntoo uas muaj ib feem ntawm 50 x 150 cm yog siv. Rau kev txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov hlua dai, cov kab nqes raws li tus ncej ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing tuaj yeem siv.
Yog tias lub tsev cib lossis pob zeb ua vaj tse, ces cov kab vaj huam sib luag npaj tau tuaj yeem siv los ua lub cav lossis lawv tuaj yeem nchuav nrog koj txhais tes. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm Yog hais tias lub qhov hluav taws xob loj (ntau ntau metres), cov ncej txhawb nqa los ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau lossis cov pob zeb ua tiav tau raug teeb tsa rau kev txuas ntxiv.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim lub qab nthab nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes ntawm lub tsev thib ob lossis thib peb ntawm lub tsev hauv ib lub tsev qub, siv, tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav tsum rov tsim kho qhov chaw qab nthab. Tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm thawj pem teb, lub creation ntawm ib tug ncej ntawm theem ob nrog ib tug attic pib. Thawj kauj ruam yog los nruab lub truss ncej raws li cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kauj ruam thib ob hauv cov cuab yeej hauv tsev yog kev teeb tsa ntawm txoj hlua khi.
Rafter system
Thib peb. Tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub tsev attic. Nws tsuas yog siv sij hawm xyaum ntawm no. Kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv nrog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kab ntev ntev ntawm lub qab nthab ib feem ntawm chav tsev, uas tau nruab rau ntawm cov kab ntoo thiab txuas nrog cov kab hla hla. Tom qab mounting tus ncej, lub truss system yog pw.
Cov rafters tau nruab nrog lawv "pob taws" rau ntawm txoj hlua khi, muab tso raulongitudinal girders ntawm lub qab nthab thav duab thiab fastened ntawm lawv qhov kawg nrog txiav tawm "paws" thiab ntxiv fasteners. Tag nrho cov pob qij txha ntawm rafters nrog joists tau ntxiv dag zog rau ntau txoj hauv kev, nrog rau cov rau tes thiab cov fab hlau.
Kauj ruam plaub. Cov lus nug tom ntej no yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub tsev hauv tsev yuav yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom cov bevels ntawm pem hauv ntej phab ntsa thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub gable overhangs nrog rungs. Ntoo tuav yog siv tom kawg.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.
Kauj ruam tsib. Rau nteg waterproofing, vapor barrier thiab rwb thaiv tsev, thawj txheej ntawm battens yog nailed rau lub rafter system thiab ib tug waterproof txheej yog ntsia. Nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv twg yuav raug siv rau kev rwb thaiv tsev, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm thawj txheej ntawm slats yog hloov kho rau qhov ntev ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev. Tom qab tso cov dej tsis zoo, ib txheej thib ob ntawm battens yog siv, lub txee-lattice, uas yuav tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab waterproofing. Ib txheej ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev yog muab tso rau sab hauv, npog nrog ib tug vapor barrier zaj duab xis thiab ib tug ntxhib cladding yog ua.
Vapor barrier and attic insulation
rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ib lub ru tsev yog tsim los ntawm sab hauv. Raws li nws tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ntawm chav kawm, siv polystyrene ua npuas ncauj thiab pob zeb hauv av rwb thaiv tsev pob zeb uas tau nruab rau hauv qhov qhib ntawm lub rafter system, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem waterproofing.
Cov hnab rwb thaiv tsev tau muab tso rau saum lub ru tsev thiab npogvapor barrier zaj duab xis uas tiv thaiv cov rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm cov pa hauv tsev. Ntoo slats insulating pob khoom yog ntxiv dag zog rau lub truss system. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub vapor barrier zaj duab xis, hauv ob sab phlu yog ua nrog clapboard los yog ib tug ntoo board. Yog hais tias lub ru tsev yog sib npaug zos rau cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev, ces ntxiv polystyrene ua npuas ncauj hnab yuav siv tau rau rwb thaiv tsev. Yog li, lub "pie" ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm chav tsev nyob muaj ob peb txheej.
Crate
kauj ruam thib rau. Nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub ru tsev nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab, muaj ntau cov lus nug txog dab tsi zoo nws yuav tsum muaj: gable los yog hipped. Nws kuj nyob ntawm cov khoom siv thiab tsim. Kev npaj ua hauj lwm rau txheej muaj xws li lathing, waterproofing thiab vapor barrier.
Lub crate yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv txheej txheej. Yog hais tias nws yog nqa tawm nrog mos polystyrene los yog bituminous cov ntaub ntawv, ces ib tug nruam crate nrog ib tug board nrog ib tug seem ntawm 25 mm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum cov pobzeb hlau siv rau txheej, sheathing yog ua los ntawm cov laug cam los yog tuav nrog ib feem ntawm 25-30 mm. Lub suab ntawm lub crate nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov ntawv siv. Feem ntau, cov lus qhia rau cov khoom siv vov tsev muab cov lus qhia txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub crate. Nws cov kauj ruam kuj yog nyob ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm lub ru tsev txoj kab nqes thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub protrusion ntawm daim ntawv tshaj thawj bar.
Qhov txoj kab nqes siab dua, qhov deb dua ntawm cov laths ntawm lub crate. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua nws nrog ntev strips kom muaj tsawg kawg ntawm kev sib txuas. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawmthawj eaves thiab lub rooj zaum thib ob ntawm lub crate yuav tsum yog 50 mm me dua li lwm tus. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog yog 350-450 hli, nyob ntawm qhov profile ntawm daim ntawv vov tsev.
phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev
Rau cov neeg uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub tsev nrog lawv tus kheej tes, ib daim duab nrog cov lus qhia step-by-step yuav pab tau thaum tsim lub tsev.
Ua ntej txheej, cornice sawb los yog brackets raug ntsia rau hauv qis lath ntawm lub crate, uas yuav txuas lub cornice gutter. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov tsev me, lub qab nthab yog teem ncaj qha rau hauv qab lub ru tsev. Thiab yog tias koj npaj yuav ua neej nyob ib xyoos ib zaug, ces tau kawg, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov rwb thaiv tsev txhim khu kev qha ntawm ob lub ru tsev thiab phab ntsa.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm cov tsev tsim nrog lub qab nthab, koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov pob zeb hauv av rwb thaiv tsev yog siv los ua thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev "pie", uas tau muab tso rau sab hauv lub ru tsev rau hauv lub lathing qhib.
Kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw attic
Rau cov tsev me, lub tsev pheeb suab yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev nthuav dav qhov chaw nyob. Txhawm rau ua kom chav tsev tsim nyog rau kev nyob txhua xyoo puag ncig, ob qho tib si nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij ntuj no, nws yuav tsum tau nruab nrog niaj hnub rwb thaiv tsev thiab waterproofing technologies. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev yog siv los ua lub qab nthab. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv chav los ntawm tshav kub los yog txias, nkag mus los ntawm nws.
Niaj hnub nimno polymeric fibrous rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv yog siv rau qhov no. Cov pob hluav taws kub rwb thaiv tsev tau nruab rau hauv qhov qhibnruab nrab ntawm cov rafters. Yog tias tom kawg tsis tob txaus rau cov pob, ntoo slats ntxiv rau lawv. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov zoo thermal cushion nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig, txheej rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv ntawm ob sab nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv dej thiab vapor barrier. Tsis tsuas yog yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, daim duab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nkag siab, tab sis kuj yuav ua li cas muab nws qhov chaw nyob. Qhov no yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Tsim kom muaj lub qab nthab, ib daim duab tuaj yeem yog cov lus qhia zoo, tab sis thaum npaj nws, ib qho tseem ceeb yog cov ntaub qhwv qhuav ntawm chav siv plasterboard lossis chipboard. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tsim tsis tsuas yog lub microclimate ruaj khov, tab sis kuj muab chav nrog txhua hom kev faib thiab niches uas tuaj yeem siv los ua chav hnav khaub ncaws.
ntau lub tsev qab nthab
Kev tsim kho niaj hnub muaj ntau yam haujlwm ntawm lub tsev, tsev thiab tsev loj uas mus dhau qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub. Ntau lub tsev ob-, peb-, thiab plaub-zaj dab neeg yuav muaj ntau yam duab. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, rau ib lub tsev txawv txawv, tib lub ru tsev yog xav tau. Feem ntau, nyob ze ntawm lub tsev polygonal, nws tau tsim ua ntau lub pitched lossis hipped ru tsev. Lub ru tsev ntau lub tsev muaj cov qauv ntau dua li lub ru tsev yooj yim.
Kev tsim kho ntawm ntau lub ru tsev lossis hipped ru tsev yuav tsum muaj kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse, txij li cov truss thav duab yuav tsum muaj qhov sib luag, los tsim kom muaj ib lub tswv yim ntawm txhua tus rafter rau lub ntsiabkab kab pheeb ces kaum, uas tsim kev tsim kho ntawm lub ru tsev hipped, uas muaj peb sab slopes.
Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub tsev qab nthab los ntawm ib qho bar nrog lub ru tsev pitched yog yooj yim nrhiav. Xws li tus qauv tsim tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub suab lossis lub tsev pheeb suab, uas, raws li txoj cai, muaj lub kaum sab xis me me, txog li 50 degrees.
Pitched ru tsev muaj ntau yam zoo. Lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus cua daj cua dub loj tshaj plaws. Lub tsuas drawback ntawm xws li vaj tse yog qhov kev txwv ntawm lub attic chaw. Hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ntau lub ru tsev, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog angular diagonal rafters uas faib lub ru tsev dav hlau mus rau qhov chaw siab tshaj. Tag nrho lwm cov ntsiab lus txuas nrog lub ntsiab kab pheeb ces kaum, yog li lawv yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus txuas ntxiv rau ob qho tib si hauv paus thiab lub ridge.
Rov windows
Tsim lub tsev tsev muaj ntau qhov zoo. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv qab ib lub ru tsev, cov chav nyob hauv tsev nce ntxiv. Tag nrho sab sauv ntawm lub tsev kuj yog insulated. Feem ntau cov tswv tsim ib lub tsev qab nthab rau tag nrho thaj chaw qab nthab ntawm lub tsev, uas ua rau kom lub nra hnyav ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, yog tias lub tsev tau tsim los tsis muaj nws thiab nws tau ua tiav rau lub tsev uas twb tau tsim lawm, ces rau kev npaj koj yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv hnyav uas yuav tsis tsim cov khoom loj ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau lub qab nthab kom koj nyob tau lub caij ntuj no? Ua li no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub rau rwb thaiv tsev,thiab rau phab ntsa cladding. Cov no yog nthuav polystyrene fibrous waterproofing tej pob khoom thiab hauv ob sab phlu. Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev xaiv rau kev teeb tsa qhov rais.
Skylights tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv lub ru tsev nws tus kheej raws li qhov chaw inclined thiab ua raws li kev txiav tawm superstructure qhib. Niaj hnub nimno PVC hnab los yog lub teeb yuag aluminium profiles yog siv nyob rau hauv tej qhov rais tsim.
Zoo ntawm cov chav, ib qho ntawm lawv muaj ib lub qhov rais ntawm lub hnub ci ci, uas yog teem caij nruab nrab ntawm cov rafters ntawm lub ru tsev thav duab.
Yog tias lub ru tsev thav duab muaj qhov qhib nqaim dhau lawm, tom qab ntawd ob peb lub qhov rais qhib qhov rais yuav tsum tau nruab, uas yuav dhau los ua tsis yog lub teeb xa hluav taws xob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov cua tshuab uas nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom cua nkag rau hauv qab nthab. ob lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij ntuj no.
