Tsis zoo li lub tsev pob zeb, cov tsev ntoo hu ua breathable. Kev ua pa ua rau muaj kev sib pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm huab cua los ntawm cov ntoo. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov feem ntau nrhiav tom qab. Coniferous ntoo feem ntau yog siv, uas muaj cov khoom zoo rau kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev. Qee lub sij hawm cov ntoo qhib ntoo yog siv rau lub plinth qis rau tso thawj lub kaus mom, uas tau muab cov duab plaub, haum rau hauv qab lub hauv paus.
ntoo ncej
Rau lub tsev ntoo, ib qho ntawm ntau hom ntawm lub hauv paus tsim nyog, tab sis cov ntaub nplaum ib txwm, tsa saum av kom deb li deb, feem ntau yog siv los tsa lub plinth ntawm lub tsev ntoo siab dua los ntawm dampness. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov dej noo thiab dej, nws raug kho nrog cov dej tsis zoo mastic. Yog tias qhov project muaj hauv qab daus, tom qab ntawd kev ywg dej yog nqa tawm hauv qab tag nrho lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ntoo.
Thawj lub kaus mom ntawm cov cav yog nteg rau ntawm lub hauv paus kho nrog waterproofing mastic thiab waterproofing gasket, uas yog siv los ua cov khoom siv bituminous. Cov cav rau hauv pem teb yog nteg nyob rau hauv qis qhov rais sill, uasua ke nrog cov yas ntawm cov kab qis, lawv ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus. Tag nrho cov kab tom ntej ntawm cov cav yog muab tso rau hauv cov xauv hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tais.
Cov cav ntoo txuas rau ib leeg hauv cov tsev fuabtais nrog cov ntoo spikes, uas yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv. Yuav kom tag nrho cov crowns kom muaj ib tug nruj kab rov tav txheej txheem, nyias nyias ntawm cov cav yog txuas nrog cov tuab tuab. Rau lub qhov rais qhib, ntsug qhov rais cav yog ntsia, uas yog tsau rau lub sab sauv cav ntawm lub qhov rais sill los ntawm kev txiav qhov kawg ntawm lub qhov rais cav mus rau hauv lub qis thiab sab sauv cav ntawm lub qhov rais sill thiab qhov rais sill. Lub qab nthab yog muab ib lub duab plaub rau zoo dua fastening ntawm truss ncej. Ntxiv rau qhov kev sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas, lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev ntoo yog ntxiv dag zog nrog cov ntsia hlau hlau thiab clasps.
Foundation on floating subsidence xau
Yog tias, tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov av ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, nws tau tsim tias cov av nyob rau hauv lub tsev yav tom ntej muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsis ruaj khov, kev tawg lossis cov qauv ntab, ces, raws li, lub hauv paus ntawm cov av yuav tsum tiv taus kev tawg lossis av ntab. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov xwm txheej tsis zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov av - tsawg kawg 200 hli.
Yog tias, tom qab tshem tawm cov txheej txheej ntawm cov av mos, cov av tseem mos thiab ntub dej, koj yuav tsum tau cais lub hauv paus yav tom ntej los ntawm cov av ntub nrog txheej ntawm cov pob zeb loj uas yuav ua kom cov av mos thiab tsim kom muaj zog. puag rau pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion. Lub pob zeb txheej yog them nrog ib txheej tshiab ntawm coarse gravel thiab xuab zeb los tsim ib lub pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion. Foundation rau lub tsev ntooNyob rau hauv cov av mos, nws yog advisable mus tsim nyob rau hauv pawg los yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nruam pouring ib tug slab foundation txuas nrog ib tug sawb.
Lub hauv paus sawb tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev nrog waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus recessed rau hauv av. Raws li kev tiv thaiv dej ntawm lub pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion, ib zaj duab xis waterproofing los yog bituminous vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv yog siv. Cov canvases yog overlapped - yam tsawg kawg 20 cm. Cov pob qij txha ntawm xws li canvases yog fastened nrog nplaum waterproofing mastic los yog nplaum daim kab xev. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb ntawm lub tsev ntoo yog tsim los ntawm cov laug cam nrog ib tug tuab ntawm tsawg kawg yog 30-40 hli los yog los ntawm tuab waterproof plywood.
Formwork
Lub hauv paus yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho lub tsev. Zoo li lwm yam kev tsim kho, nchuav nws cov lus dag thiab nws cov lus zais, uas tsis paub rau cov neeg uas tsis tau cuam tshuam nrog lub hauv paus pouring.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ntoo yog ib qho kev ua tiav zoo. Feem ntau cov boards los yog tuab plywood nplooj ntawv yog siv rau formwork. Qhov ntom ntawm cov racks reinforcing nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm siv. Qhov thinner lub formwork board, ntau zaus cov ncej tau tsav los tiv thaiv lub hauv paus ntawm warping.
Kev teeb tsa yog ua tiav ntawm cov hlua khi nruj, pib ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub tsev. Cov laug cam tau txuas rau cov racks hammered rau hauv av nrog rau cov ntsia hlau los ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub formwork nrog lawv dabtsi yog khoov rau sab nrauv racks kom lawv yooj yim unbent thaum lub sij hawm disassembly. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus fastening lub formwork boards rau cov posts, cov posts yog ntxiv ntxiv dag zog rau txoj kab nqes.los ntawm sab nraum lub formwork.
Los ntawm sab hauv, lub formwork yog ntxiv dag zog nrog spacers, uas yog ntsia ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter ntawm formwork nrog ib tug zaus ntawm tsawg kawg yog 30-50 cm. spacers, raws li ib txwm, yog nailed rau sab sauv ntug ntawm lub lub rooj tsavxwm. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau hauv qab ntawm lub formwork, lub hauv paus formwork ntawm lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ntoo yog mounted. Raws li lub hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem siv cov hlua txuas txuas ntxiv, uas tau muab tso rau ntawm cov pob zeb hauv qab ntawm daim formwork.
Npaj pob zeb mortar
Cov tshuaj rau pouring yog npaj thaum lub sij hawm pouring nyob rau hauv tus nqi uas yuav tsum tau siv los sau ib cheeb tsam. Txhawm rau npaj cov mortar, ua ntej, cov xuab zeb lossis pob zeb yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv lub thawv loj thiab cov cement yog ntxiv raws li cov proportions.
Yog tias cov tshuaj pob zeb tau npaj hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 4, raws li, ib lub thoob ntawm cov cement yuav tsum tau rau plaub lub thoob ntawm xuab zeb. Los yog rau plaub shovels ntawm xuab zeb - ib tug shovel ntawm xis mas. Tom qab sau lub thawv, cov khoom sib xyaw yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw kom zoo kom tau txais cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement sib xyaw ua ke.
Cov sib tov yog tov nrog shovels los ntawm pov los ntawm ib kawg ntawm lub thawv mus rau lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hloov cov cement thiab xuab zeb los ntawm ib pawg mus rau lwm qhov ntau zaus kom txog thaum lub loj ua homogeneous. Tom qab sib tov, cov dej huv yog ntxiv rau hauv me me rau qhov sib tov thoob plaws thaj tsam ntawm lub thawv.
Qhov loj yog sib xyaw. Tus nqi ntawm cov dej yog txiav txim empirically "los ntawm qhov muag". Seemingly zoo pob zebkev daws yog txiav txim los ntawm ntxoov ntxoo. Yog hais tias lub mortar muaj lub teeb grey tint, ces qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov cement thiab xuab zeb yog tswj kom raug.
Yog tias lub mortar yog grey tsaus, ces cov cement tau txo kom meej meej. Txhawm rau kho, cov cement yog ntxiv, thiab cov tshuaj rov qab sib xyaw ob peb zaug. Hais txog viscosity, qhov ntsuas no suav hais tias yog tus qauv yog tias cov tshuaj khib nyiab kis tau yooj yim thiab ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis nrog qee qhov nro, raws li cov formwork gutters.
Qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov av uas lub tsev yuav tsim. Yog hais tias qhov chaw tsim kho nyob rau ntawm sluggish, clayey, ntub av, ces qhov tob ntawm lub nteg, nrog rau thaum hloov lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntoo yog xav tau, nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm khov ntawm qhov chaw. Feem ntau, tso qhov tob yog ua hauv qab theem ntawm cov av khov los ntawm yam tsawg 50 cm.
Gutter shields rigidly tsau nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntaub thaiv npog, cov ntoo slats, txoj kab nqes, spacers, txuas planks thiab hlau ntsia hlau yog siv. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hauv paus, hauv qab ntawm lub trench yog them nrog lub pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion rau yam tsawg 50 cm. Txhua lub pob zeb ntawm qhov sib txawv yog siv los rov qab rau hauv qab. Txhawm rau cog cov hauv ncoo, cov pob zeb loj dej sib xyaw nrog cov xuab zeb yog nchuav rau hauv ib txheej ntawm pob zeb.
Rau thawj txheej ntawm nchuav rau saum npoo ntawm lub pob zeb-cement cushionnteg ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb me me. Tag nrho cov no yog poured nrog pob zeb mortar rau tag nrho cov poured foundation, nrog rau lub hauv paus rau ib tug qub tsev ntoo.
Thawj txheej ntawm pob zeb mortar yuav tsum npog tag nrho cov pob zeb nteg. Tom qab pouring thawj txheej ntawm pob zeb nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter ntawm lub tsev, lub thib ob txheej ntawm lub hauv paus yog poured. Yuav kom ntxiv dag zog rau txheej saum toj kawg nkaus, cov pob zeb me me uas muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom nti tau pov rau hauv ib kab ua ke kom lawv tsis muaj pawg sib. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, filling yog nqa tawm mus rau sab saum toj theem. Cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm pob zeb mortar yog leveled mus rau ib tug du nto uas yuav ua lub hauv paus rau nteg phab ntsa los yog pouring ib tug khi beam.
Filling strip foundation nrog hauv qab daus
Yog tias npaj yuav ua lub hauv paus, ces ntawm lub pob zeb-cement cushion tsim nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov, lub qab daus yog waterproofed. Rau waterproofing, koj tuaj yeem siv txhua yam khoom siv waterproofing. Cov no yog PVC zaj duab xis, vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv los yog kua bitumen. Cov khoom siv waterproofing yog siv rau tag nrho saum npoo ntawm pob zeb-cement ncoo ntawm hauv qab daus thiab qhov saum npoo yog ntxiv nrog reinforcing mesh los sau cov pob zeb hauv pem teb hauv qab daus. mortar txheej thickness - 20 cm.
Qhov tseeb, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus muaj qhov siab loj - tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhim kho cov phab ntsa, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog. Rau qhov no, hlau thav duab yog siv, uas yog welded los ntawmib tug hlau pas nrig nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm yam tsawg kawg yog 1.5-2.0 cm.
Nyob rau ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub tsev, nws yog ntshaw kom ntxiv dag zog mesh nrog ib tug me ntsis thicker pas nrig. Lub thav duab yog ntxiv dag zog rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm ntsug thiab nruab nrab ntawm ib leeg nrog ib tug tuab hlau los tsim ib tug khoom thav duab nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter. Ua ntej txhim kho lub tawb nqa khoom, hauv qab yog ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej ntxiv. Raws li kev tiv thaiv dej ntxiv hauv qab, koj tuaj yeem siv kua bituminous mastic.
Foundation Protection
Cov av hauv av ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov av txheej los ntawm ntau yam kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim. Qee zaum ob tus tsim thiab cov tswv tsis quav ntsej txog kev tiv thaiv hauv av. Zoo li, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tshwm sim rau nws. Tab sis cov av hauv av kuj tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej huab cua xws li Frost, noo noo. Txawm tias muaj zog pob zeb hauv paus tuaj yeem hnov qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntuj tsim kev puas tsuaj nyob rau lub sijhawm.
Txawm hais tias lub pob zeb muaj zog npaum li cas, nws yuav muaj qhov feem pua ntawm cov peev xwm nqus dej noo. Nws qhov kev nqis tes ua hauv pob zeb muaj kev puas tsuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Frost. Freezing noo noo nyob rau hauv pob zeb phab ntsa nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab thawing nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ho cuam tshuam lub sab hauv ntawm lub hauv paus. Yog vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv tag nrho cov vaj tse pob zeb, suav nrog thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev ntoo raug hloov, los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso.
Ntau thiab kab rov tavkev txhawb nqa ntawm pob zeb nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv los yog lwm yam khoom siv hlau. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog nrog cov khoom qub qub, cov kav dej roj, cov ces kaum lossis hlau. Yog li lub hauv paus yuav muaj zog ntau dua.
Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob khov, txoj kev ua kom sov hauv av nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntuj yog siv: av nplaum, slag, nthuav av nplaum los yog ua npuas ncauj yas. Rau kev rwb thaiv tsev, lawv khawb ib lub trench yam tsawg 50 cm dav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus thiab npog nrog ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, thiab saum npoo yog them nrog av nplaum los yog av nplaum nyom tussocks.
Foundation on pawg
Feem ntau cov tsev Canadian tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub hauv paus ib puag ncig, uas tau muab tso rau ib thiab ib nrab metres tob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov av ntub dej tsis zoo, ib pawg hauv paus ntawm lub tsev ntoo yog muab - qhov no yog cov qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws, muaj ob peb lub kaum os.
Piles yog lub tog raj kheej hlau lossis yeeb nkab, uas yog ua los ntawm cov hlau zoo. Thaum kawg ntawm lub tog raj kheej yog ib tug ntsia hlau uas nws yog screwed rau hauv av. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias pawg yog cov hlau loj loj uas ntsia hlau rau hauv av rau ob peb meters. Txhua lub workpiece muaj lub zog compressive siab thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm loj. Lawv txawv ntawm txoj kab uas hla thiab ntev. Piv txwv li, ib pawg nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 108 millimeters thiab cov hniav nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 300 hli muaj peev xwm ntawm ntau tshaj 4 tons.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm pawg pawg
Qhov zoo ntawm pawg hauv paus yog tias nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau rwb thaiv tsevlub hauv paus ntawm ib lub tsev ntoo. Qhov thib ob tseem ceeb kom zoo dua yog lub hauv paus pawg tsis ntshai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hloov thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tsis muaj dej txaus.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub hauv paus zoo li no yog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm nws qhov kev teeb tsa. Yog tias siv cov khoom lag luam, ces cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau nruab rau lawv - txhawm rau ntsia hlau rau hauv av, yog tias cov no yog cov ntsia hlau. Thiab yog hais tias lawv yog khoom, ces lawv installation yuav tsum tau drilling los yog khawb qhov, ua raws li los ntawm pouring qhob mortar. Qhov tsis zoo tom ntej ntawm pawg hauv paus yog tias nws tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv kev tsim kho me me xwb.
Muaj ntau ntau hom pawg hauv paus. Cov no yog cov qauv hlau prefabricated siv rau kev tsim cov tsev me me lossis cov tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau thaum tsim ib lub tsev thiab ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv cov av ntub, cov kab nrib pleb yog siv, uas yog poured rau hauv qhov chaw nrog ib qho kev daws teeb meem. Rau cov tsev me thiab cov tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov ncej ncej yog ua los ntawm cib lossis pob zeb.
Canadian ntoo tsev
Pile foundation yog lub hauv paus yooj yim tshaj plaws, tsuas yog ob peb lub kaum pob, uas yog lub tog raj kheej hlau lossis cov yeeb nkab. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo. Thaum kawg ntawm lub tog raj kheej yog cov ntsia hlau uas tsav lub tog raj kheej rau hauv av.
Cov tsev Canadian feem ntau hnyav tsis tshaj 30 tons. Lub hauv paus ntawm 25 pawg, uas tau nruab rau hauv ob-zaj dab neeg Canadian lub tsev, muaj peev xwm nqa tau ntau dua 70 tons. Raws li qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tiaslub hauv paus muaj cov npoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb yuav luag ob zaug thiab tsis tas yuav xav txog yuav ua li cas insulate lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev ntoo. Qhov kev tsim no tsis xav tau kev rwb thaiv tsev. Tau kawg, kev suav cov hauv paus hauv paus yog ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas yuav ua cov kev suav tseeb rau txhua qhov struts thiab suav cov pawg uas xav tau rau lub tsev, nrog rau qhov tob ntawm lawv cov installation.
