teeb pom kev zoo hauv chav txhais li cas, nws yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau? Yog hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum tau nruab rau hauv chav tsev thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zoo, qhov no tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau sab hauv ntawm chav tsev, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nws xis nyob. Thiab tseem muaj qhov teeb pom kev zoo tsis zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev ntawm txhua tus neeg hauv chav. Yog vim li cas qhov teeb meem no tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
Teeb pom kev tuaj yeem ci lossis muag. Muaj cov qauv uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum tsim lub network hluav taws xob.
Plan
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, ua ntej koj suav cov teeb pom kev hauv chav, koj yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov qauv tsim ntawm tag nrho cov chav, uas yog qhov chaw ntawm cov rooj tog zaum thiab cov khoom sab hauv, thaj chaw uas xav tau teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv, thiab lwm yam nuances. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no hauv txoj kev npaj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo, yog li kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tswv yim yuav tsum tau ua lub luag haujlwm raws li qhov ua tau.
Lub teeb lub zog
Teeb pom kev zoonyob ncaj qha rau ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub zog ntawm lub teeb. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb lub hwj chim yuav tsum yog dab tsi thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua, ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem suav yuav raug siv. Thawj txoj kev yog taw tes, nws tso cai rau koj los xam cov teeb pom kev zoo uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm ib qho chaw. Qhov thib ob yog txoj kev siv cov txheej txheem. Nws yog siv los xam lub teeb hauv tag nrho chav.
Cov txheej txheem no muaj ntau qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas qhov xav tau hauv kev suav, uas nyuaj heev rau cov neeg zoo tib yam. Thiab yuav ua li cas xam cov teeb pom kev hauv chav tsis muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb? Kuj tseem muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim, txawm tias tsis yog raws li cov txheej txheem teev tseg, tab sis tseem muaj tseeb thiab yooj yim heev.
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm lub teeb thiab xaiv lawv tus lej. Txhawm rau xam thiab nkag siab txog cov teeb meem uas lub teeb yuav tsum tau ntsib, koj yuav tsum paub txog thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho chav thiab qhov teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum nyob hauv txhua chav sib cais. Koj tuaj yeem pom thaj chaw hauv daim ntawv hla tebchaws technical ntawm chav lossis ntsuas koj tus kheej.
Cov qauv teeb pom kev hauv thaj chaw nyob yog qhia hauv lub rooj.
| Hom chav | Teeb pom kev zoo raws li daim ntawv SNiP, lx |
| chav nyob, chav ua noj | 150 |
| Children's room | 200 |
| Da dej, chav dej, txoj kev hauv tsev, chav tsev | 50 |
| chav hnav khaub ncaws | 75 |
| Study, tsev qiv ntawv | 300 |
| Sauna, pas dej | 100 |
| Stairs | 20 |
Norms of artificial lighting
Teeb pom kev hauv chav yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv "Lub Tsev Cov Cai thiab Cov Cai (SNiP) 2-4-79". Raws li cov qauv tsim, lub luminous flux hauv chav nyob yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 150 lux. Hauv txoj kev hauv tsev, chav dej thiab hauv chav dej, tus qauv yog tsawg kawg yog 50 lux.
Tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tau hais tias nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev uas muaj me nyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus, nws yog tsim nyog los ua kom lub zog ntawm lub luminous flux. Nws raug pom zoo kom nce tus nqi ntawm cov qauv los ntawm 20-30% nyob rau hauv cia, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qias neeg teeb pom kev zoo fixtures los yog lwm yam kev hloov nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob.
Nyob kaj nrig
Conventionally, qhov ci ntawm lub teeb tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom:
- Lub teeb ci siab txog 150 lux,
- Lub teeb ci li ntawm 150-300 lux,
- Txhua yam saum 500 lux yog hais txog lub teeb ci heev.
txhawm rau paub qhov xav tau tus nqi thiab txiav txim siab seb lub teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum nyob hauv chav tsev, koj yuav tsum paub qhov loj ntawm chav tsev, nrog rau kev nkag siab txog qhov xav tau ntawm lub teeb ci. Nws tseem yuav muab faib ua ob qhov ntsuas no.
Example
Kev Ua Haujlwm: txiav txim siab seb qhov teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum nyob hauv chav me me ntawm 14 m2 2, nrog lub teeb ntawm 300 lux.
14 m2300 lx=4200 lm - qhov tsim nyog teeb pom kev zoo hauv chav.
Xaiv tus lej ntawm lub teeb
Tom qab koj tau pom cov teeb pom kev tsim nyog hauv chav, koj yuav tsum xam seb muaj pes tsawg lub teeb hauv chav thiab koj xav tau wattage dab tsi.
Teeb, nyob ntawm lub zog siv (W) thiab hom kev ua tiav, muaj lawv tus kheej luminous flux tus nqi. Yog hais tias peb coj ib tug qauv hluav taws xob incandescent teeb nrog lub hwj chim ntawm 100 W, ces nws luminous flux nyob rau hauv lumens yog 1350. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav illuminated ib chav tsev ntawm 14 m2 nrog lub teeb ci 2, koj yuav xav tau 3-4 teeb ntawm 100 Tue.
Note: Lub teeb txuag hluav taws xob muaj 5: 1 lub zog piv rau lub teeb pom kev zoo. Ntawd yog, lub teeb txuag hluav taws xob nrog lub zog ntawm 20 W \u003d 100 W ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo (LON). Thiab qhov piv ntawm LED rau LON yog zoo li 10: 1. Yog li, piv txwv li, diode 10 W=100 W LON.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev suav los ntawm txoj kev no tsis yog tag nrho, tab sis nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev daws teeb meem hauv tsev rau qhov teeb meem ntawm illumination.
Kev txhim kho cov khoom siv
kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev tsim teeb pom kev zoo network yog los tsim ib txoj kev npaj. Kev xaiv teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem ua tau:
- Teeb pom kev zoo nrog chandelier. Ib lub chandelier rau ib chav me me thiab square hom zoo. Hauv chav ntev nrog thaj tsam loj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv ob peb chandeliers.
- Siv tsom teeb. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim teeb pom kev zoo ib yam. Cov teeb ci ntsa iab txhua qhov chaw ntawm sab hauv thiab nws cov ntsiab lus. Teeb txoj caitawg thoob plaws hauv chav.
- teeb pom kev tsis ncaj. Qhov no yog thaum lub teeb ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub teeb yog qhia upwards thiab reflected los ntawm lub qab nthab. Yog li, lub teeb sib npaug sib npaug thoob plaws hauv chav. Teeb pom kev zoo nrog qhov kev xaiv tsim no yog ze rau ntuj li sai tau. Feem ntau, cov teeb zoo li no kim dua lwm tus, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua los nqa cov teeb nrog lub zog ntau dua txhawm rau txhawm rau tswj qhov tsim nyog luminous flux.
- Phab ntsa teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov kev xaiv no muaj feem xyuam rau cov qab nthab qis hauv chav. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nrog sab teeb pom kev zoo, cov duab ntxoov ntxoo yuav raug tsim. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom cov roj teeb zoo li no, thiab lub zog tuaj yeem txo qis.
- Teeb pom kev sab nraum zoov. Txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo no suav nrog cov luminaires recessed nyob rau hauv pem teb los yog hauv pem teb theem, lub teeb uas yog coj mus rau lub qab nthab thiab yog reflected tusyees thoob plaws hauv chav tsev. Rau qhov kev xaiv teeb pom kev zoo no, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog qhov project.
sib xyaw teeb pom kev
Yog li, kev xaiv cov khoom siv tau raug tsim thiab lawv qhov chaw tau txiav txim siab. Tab sis qhov kev xam tau pib ua nrog rau qhov xwm txheej tias chav tsev tsaus nti tag nrho. Feem ntau cov chav muaj qhov rais thiab muaj qhov kaj nruab hnub. Muaj tseeb, qhov teeb pom kev zoo no yuav tsis txaus. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev xaiv teeb pom kev zoo hauv chav tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov khoom siv dag zog.
Daim ntawv SNiP kuj tau tsim cov qauv rau kev teeb pom kev zoo hauv thaj chaw nyob - coefficient of natural light (KEO).
Nyob rau hauv txhua cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, tus qauv 0b5 KEO. Qhov no yogqhov piv ntawm lub teeb ntuj nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm chav tsev rau ntuj teeb sab nraum chav tsev nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj ntxoov ntxoo.
Muaj ib qho qauv rau kev suav cov teeb pom kev hauv chav, KEO:
e=Em / En100%, qhov twg:
- e – daylight factor;
- Em - lub teeb ntuj ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv tsev;
- En - sab nraum zoov lub teeb nyob rau ntawm kab rov tav.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub teeb ntuj hauv chav yuav yog kwv yees li 50% ntawm lub teeb sab nraud. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm kev suav nyob qhov twg.
Cov ntsiab lus xam raws li cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa sab nraud ntawm lub qhov rais nrog qhov indent ntawm ib 'meter'.
Luxmeter
Yuav kom tsis txhob ua tiav kev suav thiab nrhiav qhov tseeb, koj tuaj yeem siv lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - lub teeb ntsuas.
Txhawm rau kom lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv chav, koj yuav tsum tau nce lub qhov rais lossis tso ntxiv yog tias ua tau, thiab koj tuaj yeem siv teeb pom kev zoo.
Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj lub teeb pom kev tshiab ntxiv. Nws yog txaus los teeb lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib qho uas twb muaj lawm kom lawv tig rau nyias ntawm ib leeg.
Dab tsi ntxiv yuav xav txog thaum xam lub teeb
Yam uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim teeb pom kev zoo:
- Uniform illumination. Qhov sib piv ntawm thaj chaw pom ntau dua thiab tsawg dua yuav tsum yog 1 txog 40, tsis muaj ntxiv. Hais txogfixtures yuav tsum sib npaug spaced ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm chav tsev. Rau cov teeb pom kev dav dav, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv diffusers.
- Kev hloov pauv xim. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug, yam tsis muaj qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua kom raug thiab raug tsim teeb pom kev zoo hauv chav tsev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb hauv qhov chaw xws li chav ua noj, chav nyob, chaw ua haujlwm, rooj, rooj hnav khaub ncaws lossis daim iav. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau cov teeb pom kev zoo tib yam lossis cov LED zoo dua li cov fluorescent.
- Kub ntawm lub teeb. Paub qhov txawv ntawm lub hauv paus sov lub teeb nrog daj ze rau lub teeb ntuj, lub teeb txias nrog lub teeb xiav thiab dawb - nruab nrab lub teeb. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws no yuav pab kom yeej ntau lub tswv yim tsim hauv sab hauv. Piv txwv li, lub teeb sov yog haum rau hauv chav ua noj, thiab lub teeb txias tuaj yeem tso rau hauv chav pw. Thiab tseem, nyob ntawm seb lub décor ntawm phab ntsa, txawm nws yog wallpaper, xim los yog ib tug fresco duab, mosaic, koj muaj peev xwm xaiv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub teeb uas feem ntau nyiam cov xim.
- Ripple factor. Qhov kev xaiv no muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev pom. Nyob rau hauv qis-zoo lub zog txuag teeb, flickering yog pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab - ib tug pulsation. LED teeb kuj emit nws, thiab feem ntau nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom pom nws ib yam nkaus li ntawd, tab sis los ntawm taw tes rau lub yees duab yees ntawm tej gadget ntawm lub teeb, koj yuav pom khiav kab txaij - qhov no yog lub pulsation. Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tau qhia cov kev txwv no hauv cov lus qhia lossis ntawm lub ntim. KP tus nqi - 15-20%.
Txoj cai kev teeb tsa
Cov kab lus piav qhia yuav ua li cas xam cov teeb pom kev hauv chav, thiabsau formula. Tam sim no theem kawg ntawm qhov project teeb pom kev zoo yog installation. Network tsim thiab tswj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus:
- Qhov chaw ntawm cov keyboards. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau lub teeb pom kev dav dav yog qhov chaw ze tshaj plaws ntawm qhov rooj kov. Nws yuav tsum nyob tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov nkag mus rau chav.
- Rau lub teeb hloov hauv zos, qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws yuav ncaj qha rau ntawm lossis ntawm lub teeb pom kev nws tus kheej. Yog hais tias peb tham txog ib tug cais illuminated cheeb tsam, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov nkag. Yog tias sab hauv muaj ntau qhov nkag mus rau thaj tsam, ces los ntawm txhua sab.
- Hla thiab dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv. Niaj hnub no, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub teeb los ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv nrog cov keyboards tshwj xeeb lossis ib qho impulse relay.
- Koj tuaj yeem tswj tsis tau tsuas yog tig lub network rau thiab tawm, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau theem teeb pom kev zoo siv lub cuab yeej yooj yim - dimmer. Muaj tseeb, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias xws li dimmer tsis haum rau txhua hom teeb. Yog li, piv txwv li, tsuas yog tus qauv incandescent thiab halogen teeb yog sib xws nrog lub dimmer. Lwm hom teeb tsuas tuaj yeem tswj tau yog tias lub chaw tsim khoom qhia.
- Qee qhov dimmers ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau TV thiab xov tooj cua. Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov no thiab kawm cov lus qhia.
- Qhov ntsuas tam sim no ntawm lub Circuit Court breaker yuav tsum phim lub network load. Feem ntau tsev neeg hloov ntawm lub khw nrog tam sim no mus txog 6A - 1300W lossis 10A - 2000W.
- Cov xaim yuav tsum yog peb-core nrog ntu ntu ntawm yam tsawg kawg 1.5 mm2. Hauv cov tsev nyoblos yog chav tsev siv tooj liab cable.
- Ntawm ib qho kev hloov koj tuaj yeem txuas 25 lub teeb, tsis muaj ntxiv lawm. Qhov no yog hais txog chandeliers nyob rau hauv chav tsev, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb nyob ntawm lub teeb nws tus kheej.
Ua raws li cov lus qhia saum toj no thiab cov lus qhia, koj tuaj yeem tsim thiab siv cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv thaj chaw nyob. Ces nws yuav muab kev nplij siab tshaj plaws.
