Xiav lub qhov puag ncig hauv cov khoom ntawm txhua qhov ntom ntom hauv lub zog ntawm txhua tus. Tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias koj xav tau lub qhov square? Rau ntau, muaj peev xwm ntawm drilling ib square nyob rau hauv mos, pliable ntoo los yog nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawm cov hlau ruaj yuav zoo li implausible. Lub Watts xyaum ua haujlwm nrog txoj haujlwm nyuaj no.
Zaj dab neeg nrog geometry
Masters hnub no, kom tau txais lub qhov square, tho ib lub qhov puag ncig ntawm txoj kab uas tsim nyog thiab xuas nrig tawm ntawm cov ces kaum nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Ntau sai thiab yooj yim dua rau kev ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem yog "square" Watts xyaum. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws tus qauv tsim yog daim duab peb sab Reuleaux - ib daim duab tsim los ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm peb lub voj voog zoo ib yam. Lub voj voog ntawm cov voj voog no sib npaug rau sab ntawm daim duab peb sab tsis tu ncua, thiab nws cov kab ntsug yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voog.
Daim duab dais lub npe ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb German Franz Relo, vim nws yog thawj tus kawm paub meej txog cov khoom ntawm daim duab peb sab thiab siv rau hauv nws cov khoom tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, lub geometry ntawm daim duab peb sab Reuleauxtau siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov rais nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm peb poj niam nyob rau hauv Bruges thaum ntxov li 13th caug xyoo. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, Leonardo da Vinci tau piav txog "daim duab qhia lub ntiaj teb" ntawm plaub daim duab peb sab Reuleaux. Cov duab no muaj nyob hauv nws cov ntawv sau thiab hauv Codex Madrid. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVIII, ib daim duab peb sab ntawm sib npaug arcs ntawm peb lub voj voog tau tshwm sim los ntawm tus naas ej lej Leonhard Euler. Xyoo 1916, tus kws ua haujlwm Askiv ua haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Harry Watts, tsim thiab patented lub cutter rau square qhov nyob rau hauv ib tug "floating" chuck.
Watts laum nta
Ib qho kev tsim tshwj xeeb ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais qhov ntawm yuav luag zoo li qub: cov ces kaum ntawm lub xwmfab yog sib npaug nrog lub vojvoog me me. Qhov chaw nyoos ntawm ib lub qhov square tsis tshaj 2%. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Watts triangular xyaum yog tias thaum tig, nws qhov chaw piav qhia arcuate ellipsoid curves, thiab tsis sawv ntsug zoo li ib txwm twist xyaum. Lub vertices ntawm daim duab peb sab thaum lub sij hawm lub zog no kos ib square nrog rau parallel zoo kawg nkaus txawm sab. Lub chuck rau xws li cutter muaj tus qauv tsim uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev txav mus los.
Square qhov laum tsim
Thaum lub qhov drilling, cov chips raug tsim, thiab lub tshuab txiav yuav tsum muaj cov grooves tshem tawm. Qhov profile ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Watts laum yog ib daim duab peb sab Reuleaux nrog peb halves ntawm ellipses txiav tawm ntawm nws.
Tus qauv tsim nrog nti khiav tawm grooves daws 3 txoj haujlwm tib lub sijhawm:
- Drill inertia txo qis.
- Lub load ntawm lubspindle.
- Txhob muaj peev xwm ntawm kev xyaum txiav.
Feem ntau cov square qhov yog ua rau ntawm lub tshuab dhos lossis milling broaches. Lub laum rau square qhov yog kho los ntawm lub tshuab chuck nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb adapter. Rau kev siv cov square cutter, manufacturers muab cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm uas txuas mus rau cardan chuck thiab muab cov eccentric txav mus rau cov cuab yeej txiav. Qhov tob ntawm lub qhov sib haum mus rau lub thickness ntawm tus ncej.
xov hlau
Hnub no, kev xyaum ua haujlwm zoo uas ua haujlwm sai thiab ntev yog tsim los ntawm qib high-alloy steel. Nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, xws li alloys muaj ntau tshaj li 10% alloying additives, xws li tungsten, chromium, vanadium thiab molybdenum. Cov feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab ntau yam ntawm cov hlau hardening txoj kev tsim cov alloys sib txawv ntawm hardness, toughness, cuam tshuam load kuj, nqi thiab lwm yam ntxwv.
Hlau xyaum yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws rau ntau yam:
- Cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau xav tau qhov txuas rau kev sib txuas: threaded kev sib txuas, rivets thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas.
- hlau xyaum kuj tseem siv tau thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv softer, xws li ntoo.
- Lub tshuab tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam no zoo ib yam li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev tsim cov tho rau ntau yam kev siv.
Nyob rau hauv Russia thiab ntau lub tebchaws, kev xyaum ua haujlwm yog qhov xav tau loj tshaj plawslos ntawm high-speed steel qib R6M5, uas muaj tungsten thiab molybdenum. Lub zog thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam nce ntxiv thaum cob alt ntxiv rau cov hlau los yog cov tho yog coated nrog txias titanium-nitride txau.
Hom kev xyaum rau cov khoom siv hlau
Hlau xyaum yog siv los ua qhov hauv cov khoom ua los ntawm tooj liab, cam khwb cia hlau, tooj liab, hlau ntawm ntau qib, cermets thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Rau drilling tawv tawv-rau-txiav steel, cov khoom muaj zog nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cob alt yog siv. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog twist xyaum, chips raug tso tawm raws ob longitudinal grooves. Raws li cov duab ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, cov cuab yeej no tau muab faib ua peb hom:
- hex,
- tapered,
- cylindrical.
Hlau laum nrog taper shank yog tso ncaj qha rau hauv lub tshuab thaum siv. Hex thiab cylindrical shanks xav tau chuck tshwj xeeb.
Quality definitions by color
Qhov zoo ntawm kev xyaum rau txhua yam khoom yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov xim:
- Cov cuab yeej xim dub tau nce hnav tsis kam, raws li lawv tau ua tiav nrog chav nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev tsim khoom.
- Cov khoom siv cua sov tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis deform thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau carbide. Cov kev xyaum no muaj xim daj me ntsis.
- Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov muaj xim zoo nkauj. Lawv coated nrog kev sib txhuam-txo nitride.titanium.
- Txoj kev xyaum tsis kho grey muaj lub neej luv tshaj plaws thiab tus nqi qis tshaj.
Size range
Ua haujlwm qhov ntev ntawm cov tho hlau yog nthuav tawm los ntawm cov tuam txhab niaj hnub no hauv ntau yam. GOST muab kev faib cov khoom zoo li no rau hauv hom raws li qee qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
hlau xyaum tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg:
| Series | Short | Nyob | Long |
| kab, mm | 0, 3-20 | 0, 3-20 | 1-20 |
| length, mm | 20-131 | 19-205 | 56-254 |
GOSTs 4010-77, 886-77 thiab 10902-77 tswj kev faib cov kev xyaum xyaum los ntawm qhov ntev thiab txoj kab uas hla.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub laum rau iav lossis ceramics
Cov kws tshaj lij cov kws tshaj lij muaj kev xyaum ua haujlwm rau txhua yam khoom hauv lawv cov khoom: cib thiab pob zeb, hlau thiab yas, pob zeb diamond laum rau iav thiab ceramics. iav yog ib qho khoom siv tsis tshua muaj siab thiab yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Cov iav thiab ceramics tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog pob zeb diamond-coated xyaum ua haujlwm kawg. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no yog txiav txim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov khoom siv. Qhov thinnest thiab pheej yig tshaj xyaum xyaum yog ua los ntawm electroplating. Cov cuab yeej muaj zog yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hmoov. Lawv txawv los ntawm durability thiab stability. Tus nqi pheej yig muaj kev xyaum ua kom muaj zog nrog nce abrasiveness yog tsimNiaj hnub nimno nqus tsev vacuum method.
Yuav kom tho lub qhov rau hauv lub khob iav, koj yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse. Cov txheej txheem ntev thiab mob siab rau no yog ua kom zoo thiab maj mam ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj qhov siab tsuas yog nrog lub pob zeb diamond laum teeb nruj nreem. Lub qhov yuav tsum tau tas li moistened nrog dej kom txias. Qhov kev ua no zoo li khawb lub qhov nrog pob zeb diamond nplej.
Yog tias koj muaj ntawm tes cov cuab yeej tsim nyog thiab xyaum ua qhov loj, txhua qhov kev kho yuav ua tiav sai thiab ua tau zoo.
