Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, khoom siv, cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj teeb incandescent

Cov txheej txheem:

Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, khoom siv, cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj teeb incandescent
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, khoom siv, cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj teeb incandescent

Video: Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, khoom siv, cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj teeb incandescent

Video: Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, khoom siv, cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj teeb incandescent
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Flick ntawm qhov hloov pauv - thiab chav tsaus ntuj hloov tam sim, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm sab hauv tau pom. Qhov no yog li cas lub zog los ntawm ib lub cuab yeej me me tam sim ntawd kis, dej nyab txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig nrog lub teeb. Dab tsi ua rau koj tsim muaj hluav taws xob muaj zog? Cov lus teb tau muab zais rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, uas yog hu ua lub teeb incandescent.

incandescent teeb efficiency
incandescent teeb efficiency

keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thawj lub teeb pom kev zoo

Lub hauv paus pib ntawm thawj lub teeb ci hnub qub rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Los yog, lub teeb tshwm sim me ntsis tom qab, tab sis cov nyhuv ntawm lub ci ntawm platinum thiab carbon rods nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hluav taws xob lub zog twb tau pom. Ob lo lus nug nyuaj tau tshwm sim ua ntej cov kws tshawb fawb:

  • nrhiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ua kom sov nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm tam sim no mus rau lub xeev ntawm emission ntawm lub teeb;
  • Tiv thaiv kom txhob tawg sai ntawm cov khoom hauv huab cua.

Tshawb nrhiav thiabinventions ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin thiab American Thomas Edison.

Lodygin tau pom zoo siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas nyob hauv lub khob ntim. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev tsim qauv yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev nqus cua tawm, cov seem uas tau ua rau cov rods sai sai combustion. Tab sis tseem, nws cov teeb tau kub hnyiab tau ob peb teev, thiab kev txhim kho thiab patents tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv ruaj khov dua.

edison incandescent teeb efficiency
edison incandescent teeb efficiency

Tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas Thomas Edison, tau paub nws tus kheej nrog cov haujlwm ntawm Lodygin, tau ua lub tshuab nqus tsev zoo, uas nws tso cov xov carbon fiber ntau ua los ntawm xyoob fiber ntau. Edison kuj tau muab lub teeb lub hauv paus nrog cov xov txuas uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov teeb niaj hnub no, thiab tau tsim ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li: lub ntsaws, lub fuse, hloov pauv, thiab ntau ntxiv. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Edison teeb lub teeb me me, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev txog 1000 teev thiab tau txais kev siv zoo.

Tom qab ntawd, hloov cov ntsiab lus carbon, nws tau thov kom siv cov hlau refractory. Lub tungsten filament siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub incandescent teeb kuj patented los ntawm Lodygin.

Lub efficiency ntawm lub teeb incandescent yog
Lub efficiency ntawm lub teeb incandescent yog

Cov cuab yeej thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb

Tus tsim ntawm lub teeb ci tsis tau hloov pauv rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo. Nws suav nrog:

  • Ib lub khob ntim hermetically uas khi rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tau ntim nrog cov roj inert.
  • Lub plinth uas muajkauv puab. Nws ua hauj lwm tuav lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub qhov (socket) thiab hluav taws xob txuas mus rau qhov tam sim no nqa qhov chaw.
  • Cov khoom siv uas coj tam sim no los ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau kauv thiab tuav nws.
  • Incandescent kauv, cua sov uas tsim cov emission ntawm lub teeb lub zog.

Thaum cov hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm lub kauj, nws tam sim ntawd ua kom kub siab tshaj plaws txog 2700 degrees. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov kauv muaj ib tug loj tam sim no tsis kam thiab ib tug ntau ntawm lub zog yog siv los mus kov yeej no kuj, uas yog tso tawm raws li cua sov. Thaum tshav kub kub heats li hlau (tungsten), thiab nws pib emit photons ntawm lub teeb. Vim qhov tseeb tias lub hwj tsis muaj oxygen, tungsten tsis oxidize thaum cua sov, thiab nws tsis hlawv. Ib qho roj inert ua kom cov hlau kub kub ntawm evaporating.

incandescent teeb efficiency 100 W
incandescent teeb efficiency 100 W

Dab tsi yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb taws teeb

Kev ua tau zoo qhia tau tias qhov feem pua ntawm lub zog siv tau hloov mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab qhov tsis yog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teeb incandescent, qhov efficiency yog tsawg, vim tsuas yog 5-10% ntawm lub zog mus rau emit lub teeb, tus so yog tso tawm raws li cua sov.

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm thawj lub teeb ci, qhov twg cov pas nrig carbon ua raws li cov hlua, txawm tias qis dua piv rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub no. Qhov no yog vim qhov poob ntxiv vim yog convection. Kauv filaments muaj feem pua ntawm cov kev poob qis.

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb incandescent ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov cua kub ntawm cov kauv. Raws li tus qauv, 60 W teeb coil heats txog 2700 ºС, ntawmqhov no efficiency tsuas yog 5%. Nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tus nqi cua sov nce mus rau 3400 ºС los ntawm kev nce qhov hluav taws xob, tab sis qhov no yuav txo tau lub neej ntawm cov cuab yeej los ntawm ntau dua 90%, txawm hais tias lub teeb yuav ci dua thiab qhov ua tau zoo yuav nce mus rau 15%.

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tias qhov kev nce hauv lub zog ntawm lub teeb (100, 200, 300 W) ua rau kev nce hauv kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog vim qhov ci ntawm lub cuab yeej tau nce. Lub teeb pib ci dua vim yog lub zog ntau dua ntawm cov kauv nws tus kheej, thiab vim yog lub teeb pom kev zoo dua. Tab sis cov nqi hluav taws xob kuj tau nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 100 W incandescent teeb kuj tseem nyob hauv 5-7%.

Dab tsi yog qhov efficiency ntawm lub teeb incandescent
Dab tsi yog qhov efficiency ntawm lub teeb incandescent

Ntau yam ntawm cov roj teeb

Cov teeb taws teeb tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam qauv tsim thiab lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm. Lawv muab faib ua teeb pom kev zoo:

  • siv dav. Cov no suav nrog cov teeb rau kev siv hluav taws xob sib txawv, tsim rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm 220 V.
  • Kho kom zoo nkauj. Lawv muaj cov khoom uas tsis yog tus qauv ntawm cov khob cij hauv daim ntawv tswm ciab, spheres thiab lwm yam duab.
  • Illumination hom. Lub teeb xim muaj zog tsawg rau cov yeeb yuj illumination.
  • Local destination. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj kev nyab xeeb txog li 40 V. Lawv siv rau ntawm cov rooj tsim khoom, los teeb pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab.
  • Daim iav coated. Teeb uas tsim teeb pom kev.
  • Signal type. Siv los ua haujlwm hauv dashboards ntawm ntau yam khoom siv.
  • Kev thauj mus los. Muaj ntau yam teeb pom kev zoo ntawm kev hnav tsis kam thiab kev ntseeg siab. Features tus neeg siv-phooj ywg tsim rau kev hloov ceev.
  • Rau tsom teeb. Lub teeb muaj zog, nce mus txog 10,000 W.
  • Rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Teeb rau cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov khoom siv sib xws.
  • Txoj kev sib tw. Siv raws li ntu ntawm cov duab digital ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas.

qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub teeb filament

Incandescent hom teeb pom kev zoo muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv. Qhov zoo muaj xws li:

  • ignition ntawm lub kauj;
  • kev nyab xeeb;
  • me me;
  • tus nqi ncaj ncees;
  • lub peev xwm los tsim cov khoom siv ntawm lub zog sib txawv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm AC thiab DC;
  • versatility of application.

To negative:

  • qis ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem;
  • susceptibility to life-saving power surges;
  • sijhawm ua haujlwm luv tsis tshaj 1000;
  • hluav taws kub nyhiab ntawm lub teeb vim muaj cua sov ntawm lub teeb;
  • fragile design.
halogen incandescent teeb efficiency
halogen incandescent teeb efficiency

Lwm hom teeb pom kev zoo

Muaj cov teeb pom kev zoo, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo. Cov no suav nrog cov pa paug thiab cov teeb ci LED.

Muaj ntau lub teeb hluav taws xob lossis roj tso tawm, tab sis lawv tag nrho raws li qhov ci ntawm cov roj thaum muaj arc tshwm sim ntawm cov electrodes. Lub ci ci tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ultraviolet spectrum, uas yog tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv pom rau tib neeg lub qhov muag.los ntawm kev hla cov phosphor txheej.

Cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim hauv lub teeb tawm roj muaj xws li ob theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm: kev tsim cov arc tawm thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm ionization thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm cov roj hauv lub teeb. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo li no muaj kev tswj xyuas tam sim no. Cov khoom siv fluorescent muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua li cov teeb ci, tab sis tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb vim tias lawv muaj mercury vapor.

LED cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo yog cov tshuab niaj hnub tshaj plaws. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb incandescent thiab LED teeb yog qhov sib piv. Thaum kawg, nws nce mus txog 90%. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm LED yog nyob ntawm qhov ci ntawm qee yam ntawm semiconductor nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm voltage.

efficiency ntawm incandescent thiab LED teeb
efficiency ntawm incandescent thiab LED teeb

Lub teeb taws dab tsi tsis nyiam

Lub neej ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo tib yam yuav raug luv yog tias:

  1. Voltage nyob rau hauv lub network yog tas li overstated los ntawm lub nominal ib, uas lub teeb pom kev zoo khoom tsim. Qhov no yog vim qhov nce ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm lub cua sov lub cev thiab, vim li ntawd, nce evaporation ntawm cov hlau alloy, ua rau nws tsis ua hauj lwm. Txawm hais tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb incandescent yuav ntau dua.
  2. Ncua lub teeb thaum ua haujlwm. Thaum cov hlau yog rhuab mus rau ib lub xeev nyob ze rau melting, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub lem ntawm lub kauv yog txo vim expansion ntawm cov khoom, txhua yam txhua yam, abrupt txav yuav ua rau ib tug inter-tig Circuit Court imperceptible rau lub qhov muag. Qhov no txo qhov zuag qhia tag nrho tsis kam ntawm coil rau tam sim no, pab txhawb rau nws cov cua sov ntau dua thiab ceev ceevkev chim siab.
  3. Dej yuav nkag rau ntawm lub khob kub. Qhov kub sib txawv tshwm sim ntawm qhov cuam tshuam, uas ua rau lub khob tawg.
  4. Kov koj cov ntiv tes ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub teeb halogen. Lub teeb halogen yog ib hom teeb pom kev zoo, tab sis muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo dua thiab cov hluav taws kub. Thaum kov, ib qho tsis pom greasy stain los ntawm tus ntiv tes tseem nyob ntawm lub khob. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, cov roj hlawv tawm, tsim cov pa roj carbon deposits uas tiv thaiv tshav kub hloov. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag, lub iav pib yaj thiab tej zaum yuav tawg los yog o, cuam tshuam cov roj tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv, uas ua rau burnout ntawm lub kauv. Halogen incandescent teeb muaj kev ua haujlwm siab dua li cov khoom qub.

Yuav hloov lub teeb

Yog tias lub teeb tau kub hnyiab, tab sis lub teeb tsis tau tawg, ces koj tuaj yeem hloov nws tom qab nws txias tag. Hauv qhov no, tua lub hwj chim. Thaum ntsia hlau rau hauv lub teeb, lub qhov muag tsis tas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tua hluav taws xob.

Thaum lub teeb tawg, tab sis khaws nws cov duab, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov ntaub paj rwb, quav hauv ob peb txheej thiab, qhwv nws ncig lub teeb, sim tshem cov iav. Tom ntej no, siv pliers nrog insulated tes, ua tib zoo unscrew lub hauv paus thiab ntsia hlau rau hauv lub teeb tshiab. Txhua qhov haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua nrog lub hwj chim tawm.

Zaj lus

Txawm hais tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob yog qhov feem pua me me thiab nws muaj ntau thiab ntau tus neeg sib tw, nws muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub neej. Muaj txawm tias lub teeb qub tshaj plaws, ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo. Puas yog qhov no tsis yog qhov kev lees paub thiab kev ua tiav ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm kev xav ntawm tus neeg siv zog hloov lub ntiaj teb?

Pom zoo: