Qhov muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau lwm qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob tau raug txiav txim siab thiab siv qee feem los ntawm cov tuam txhab txaus siab sawv cev rau kev lag luam hluav taws xob rau ntau xyoo lawm. Tus nqi siab ntawm kev nthuav qhia cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tseem tsis tau tso cai rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev lag luam no los txhim kho tau zoo, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev zam, uas suav nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci.
Nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev hloov pauv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li no tau siv rau hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb, thiab nyob rau xyoo tas los no lawv tau pom lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntiag tug. Cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv lub hnub ci roj teeb yog lub vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov duab hluav taws xob, uas tsis siv ntau qhov chaw, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muab cov neeg siv khoom siv lub zog ntawm qee qhov nyiaj.
Technology overview
Ntau yam xwm txheej ntuj tuaj yeem siv los ua lub zog - los ntawm cua mus rau dej ntws. Tau kawg, thiabLub zog ntawm lub hnub, raws li ib tug natural qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb thiab tshav kub, tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog xam tau tias yog ib tug kev pab cuam rau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv hluav taws xob zoo tib yam. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub zog illumination ntawm ib hnub ntshiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1020 W / m2, thiab qhov no yog qhov muaj peev xwm pom tau uas yuav pom tau tias siv tau zoo. Nws tseem tsuas yog siv thev naus laus zis los siv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub zog hloov pauv thiab xa khoom. Qhov no yog dab tsi solar panels siv rau.
Modules ntawm hom no ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm kev tau txais, ruaj khov thiab khaws lub hnub ci. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, cov dej num ntawm nws cov kev hloov pauv, kev sib sau thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom raug daws. Txog rau tam sim no, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub ci zog tsis yog ntau heev nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem saum toj no, tab sis hauv kev ua kom zoo dua cov thev naus laus zis txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm nws cov khoom.
Panel design
Hauv kev nkag siab dav dav, cov cuab yeej zoo li no yog tus txais thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub ci. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov kev saib xyuas siv tag nrho pawg ntawm cov khoom, suav nrog cov roj teeb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov fuses, cov tswj fais fab, cov neeg kho tshuab los tswj txoj haujlwm ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag, thiab lwm yam.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog nyob ib ncig ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub ntsiab tseem ceeb - lub module uas ncaj qha tau txais lub hnub ci zog. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau version, cov no yog silicon mono- los yog polycrystalline wafers, uas nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb zoo li ib tug ntau txheej ncuav mog qab zib. Qhov no yog hu uaphotovoltaic hlwb uas muab qhov tseeb qhov chaw ntawm atoms, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, koom nyob rau hauv lub zog conversion txheej txheem.
Kev faib cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag los ntawm hom hnub ci hlwb
Raws li cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim daim phiaj kom tau txais lub hnub ci zog tau hloov zuj zus, cov kws tshaj lij tau sim cov khoom siv rau lawv cov khoom siv, txiav txim siab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo. Txog niaj hnub no, cov roj teeb ntawm hom no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom hauv qab no:
- Silicon multicrystalline wafers. Cov qauv ntawm cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm ib pawg ntawm ib leeg-crystal silicon gratings, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los them rau lub zog poob ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov qauv, ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug crystal panels. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov ua tau zoo nce mus txog 15% nrog rau kev pab cuam lub neej txog li 25 xyoo.
- Panels ntawm polycrystalline silicon. Lwm txoj hauv kev yooj yim monocrystalline solar panels. Lub roj teeb ntawm lub hauv paus no tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis nws raug nqi ntau dua thiab muab sijhawm ntau rau kev tsim ntau hom kev tsim kho thiab nws cov kev taw qhia.
- Amorphous silicon panels. Nws kuj yog ib qho kev xaiv qis zog, tab sis nws kuj yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws. Rau cov neeg siv khoom uas xav tau kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, kev daws teeb meem zoo kawg nkaus.
- Cadmium telluride cov khoom siv. Cov khoom no yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov zaj duab xis photovoltaic hlwb, lub thickness ntawm semiconductor txheej uas yog ntau pua micrometers. Cadmium telluride muaj qhov nruab nrab lub zog tsim kev ua haujlwm, tab sis cov txheej txheem tsim nws tus kheejhluav taws xob nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav pheej yig dua li cov qauv silicon panels.
- Roj teeb raws li CIGS semiconductor. Hauv qhov no, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam khoom siv - gallium, selenium, indium thiab tooj liab. Nws kuj tseem siv cov ntawv ua yeeb yaj kiab, tab sis nrog kev ua haujlwm siab dua li cadmium telluride counterparts.
Lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm li cas
Tom qab tau txais lub hnub ci zog, cov chav kawm ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li cov qauv sib txawv, nyob ntawm qhov kev tsim qauv. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los siv cov cuab yeej:
- Cov hluav taws xob tsim tau muab khaws cia rau hauv lub pob roj teeb uas txuas nrog thiab siv cov neeg siv khoom sib luag.
- Nyob rau ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag mus rau lub pob roj teeb, lub inverter tau teeb tsa uas tswj kev siv lub zog. Ib lub tswv yim zoo sib xws yog siv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas lub hnub ci roj teeb-vaj huam sib luag ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau hluav taws xob.
Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau teeb tsa nrog lub peev xwm ntawm kev qhia hnub ci photocells. Cov kev sib txuas configuration tuaj yeem yog serial lossis parallel. Qhov nruab nrab qhov hluav taws xob input tuaj yeem yog 180-354 V nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau hauv tsev. Qhov load hauv qhov no yog 5 A.
Kev ua raws li kev tswj hwm
Kev txhim kho ntawm cov roj teeb hnub ci tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm nthuav dav ntawm kev tswj hwm microcontrollers hauv txoj haujlwmcov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov khoom siv no kuj tseem siv los ua haujlwm ntau yam haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev - nws yog qhov txaus kom nco ntsoov lub tswb nrov thiab lub rooj tsav tsheb qhov rooj tswj cov tshuab.
Hais txog lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, cov tswj nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tau siv, uas tso cai tsis yog los saib xyuas cov haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj tseem tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev them cov roj teeb hnub ci. Cov tswj hwm ntawm theem pib saib xyuas Circuit Court breakers, varistors thiab fuses, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov tsis ncaj ncees tam sim no muab cov neeg siv khoom kawg.
Cov lus qhia ntawm kev siv cov vaj huam sib luag
Thaum yuav lub hnub ci roj teeb, nws raug nquahu kom ua tiav kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho nws cov khoom, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov photocells, vim tias qhov kev puas tsuaj me me lossis lub Hoobkas tsis zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa, kev saib xyuas siab tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau ua, vim tias cov qauv tsis yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.
Mounting lub vaj huam sib luag-hom hnub ci roj teeb yog nqa tawm ntawm lub hauv paus tshwj xeeb npaj nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsawg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas sab pem hauv ntej, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tsis yog obscured los ntawm cov ntoo thiab lwm yam khoom siab. Rau kev tswj hwm, muaj ib lub txee tshwj xeeb nrog automation thiab ua haujlwm blocks. Los ntawm nws mus rau lub ru tsev uas lub vaj huam sib luag tau teeb tsa, kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus yuav tsum tau muab tso rau.
Yuav ua li casDIY solar vaj huam sib luag?
Cov tswv yim tsim hauv tsev zoo tshaj plaws yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov plexiglass. Ib lub chipboard tuaj yeem siv los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag, cov npoo ntawm cov npoo uas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sab yog tsim nrog ib tug bar 1-3 cm tuab. honeycomb txoj cai. Tom qab ntawd cov qauv tuaj yeem raug kaw nrog cov iav khov kho, kho kom nruj raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm ob sab.
Lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tau nruab. Nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev txhawb nqa hlau nrog lub peev xwm tig. Rau nws, koj muaj peev xwm npaj ib tug ncej puag nrog ib tug tsav mechanism rau tig nyob rau hauv lub xav tau ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub load ntawm lub ru tsev npog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Nws yog ntshaw tias lub hauv paus txhawb nqa ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag yog txuas ncaj qha los ntawm lub ru tsev mus rau lub rafter system. Nyob rau theem kawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txuas lub vaj huam sib luag los ntawm cov neeg siv hluav taws xob nrog lub roj teeb ntawm lub zog uas xav tau thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, qhia lub inverter rau hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob los hloov cov input voltage.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag
Kev tsim hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv hnub ci zog muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg siv kawg, txawm tias muaj ntau yam teeb meem kev ua haujlwm. Tshwj xeeb, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ib leeg-crystal 100 W hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem them 12 V roj teeb dawb.cov tshuab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm rau lub zog hluav taws xob hauv tsev, tsuas yog yuav tsum tau them tus nqi tu. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb tuaj yeem tham txog kev huv ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj hwm tus kheej.
Kev Pom Zoo rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis
Ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lub hnub ci zog yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lwm qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob nrog qhov hluav taws xob mus txog 220 V. Txog tam sim no, cov tshuab no tseem nyob rau theem tsim qauv, tab sis yav tom ntej, kev kawm txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem kom tau txais lub zog thawj zaug, lawv yuav nkag mus rau ntu ntau lawm.
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog muaj peev xwm thiab txo cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob 'kev vam khom rau sab nraud. Piv txwv li, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rau ib lub tsev nyob rau theem ntawm 15-20% feem ntau yog vim muaj huab cua tsis zoo, thaum lub zog siv tau tsawg.
Zaj lus
Yog tias nws ntxov dhau los tham txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug nrog lub hnub ci zog, ces npog tus neeg xav tau ntawm kev them cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg lossis kev tswj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov tseeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tuam txhab lag luam Lavxias tau koom tes nrog kev tsim kho thaj chaw no, muab lawv cov khoom siv tau zoo.
Qee lub tuam txhab sib sau ua ke hnub ci vaj huam sib luag los ntawm Suav panels ntawm tus nqi qis ntawm qib 3-5 txhiab rubles, tab sis tag nrho lawv tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob kuj tshwm sim. Rau cov thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev hauv qhov noNiche tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lub tuam txhab "Quantum", Hevel Solar thiab "Solnechny Veter". Cov chaw ntawm cov tuam txhab no tsim tsis tau tsuas yog cov tshuab hluav taws xob qis xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kev lag luam.
