pob zeb yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntau heev. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv feem ntau yog cov cement thiab xuab zeb. Ntau yam ntawm cov tsev thiab cov qauv, nrog rau cov luag hauj lwm, yog poured los ntawm mortar ntawm no ntau yam. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, kev npaj ntawm cov pob zeb sib tov yuav tsum tau ua nrog nruj kev soj ntsuam ntawm tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau technologies.
Requirements
Cement mortar yuav tsum tau npaj ua ib txoj hauv kev uas cov pob zeb tom qab muaj lub zog muab. Cov khoom zoo ntawm hom no yuav tsum:
- khaws nws qhov sib xws thaum thauj thiab ua haujlwm;
- muaj qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho ntawm ib qho qauv;
- ua kom haum.
Basic Cheebtsam ntawm pob zeb
Thaum npaj ib qho kev sib tov, peb hom khoom xyaw nram qab no ib txwm siv:
- sand as filler;
- cement as a binder;
- dej ua tus foob.
Kuj, qee zaum, cov yas yas tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv pob zeb. Qhov pheej yig tshaj thiab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog txiv qaub. Qee zaum cov khoom siv polymer kim dua tuaj yeem siv los ua kom elasticity ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem zoo li no.
Crushed pob zeb kuj feem ntau siv rau hauv kev npaj cov pob zeb sib tov. Cov khoom siv no ua rau cov qauv ua tiav ntau dua thiab txuag cov cement, uas paub tias kim heev ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no.
Ntau yam
Tsuas muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm pob zeb - ductile thiab rigid. Thawj hom mortar fits zoo rau hauv formwork thiab yog compacted nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav. Nws yog cov pob zeb no hauv kev tsim kho uas nrov tshaj plaws. Rigid sib tov muaj me ntsis dej hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau cov pob zeb crushed lossis gravel ntxiv rau lawv. Cov qauv tiav ua los ntawm cov pob zeb zoo li no yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov dua li cov yas. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kev daws teeb meem ntawm ntau yam no tsis yooj yim heev hauv kev tso. Thaum txhim kho ntau yam qauv, xws li pob zeb yuav tsum raug kev co, vibration stamping, vibro-rolling. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev daws teeb meem no feem ntau nyuaj rau kev npaj. Dosages thaum sib tov lawv yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom meej li sai tau. Txwv tsis pub, xws li kev sib tov tuaj yeem hloov pauv nws cov khoom rau qhov phem dua.
Nws tuaj yeem npaj tau
Feem ntau hom tshuaj khib no yog tov rau hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse thiab xa mus rauchaw tsim kho nrog cov tsheb tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom uas npaj rau hauv txoj kev no feem ntau yog zoo heev. Qee zaum, pob zeb tseem tuaj yeem npaj ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb mobile. Qhov no yog li cas cov cement mortars tau ua, piv txwv li, thaum txhim kho cov tsev qis qis, cov tswv ntawm thaj chaw suburban.
GOST
Thaum npaj cov mortars raws li cov cement, tau kawg, cov cai ntawm GOST yuav tsum tau ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov qauv tiav yuav muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Tswj cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov pob zeb sib xyaw hauv Russia GOST 7473-2010. Cov ntaub ntawv no, nrog rau lwm yam, qhia txog qhov tso cai tsis tau rau kev sib cais ntawm mortars, deviations nyob rau hauv lawv workability, thiab lwm yam.
Txoj kev yooj yim ntawm kev npaj pob zeb
Ntshiab thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib xyaw cement mortar tsis muaj dab tsi nyuaj. Qhov tsuas yog qhov yog tias thaum ua haujlwm li no, koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua raws nraim. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm GOST 7473-2010, piv txwv li, kev ua yuam kev hauv qhov no yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 2% rau dej, cement thiab additives thiab 3% rau cov khoom sib xyaw. Yog tias tsis tau ua raws li txoj cai no, cov qauv tsim los ntawm kev daws teeb meem yuav tsis muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, ntawm chav kawm, yuav cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm tag nrho lub tsev los yog qauv raws li ib tug tag nrho.
Tsuas muaj ob txoj hauv kev los npaj cov pob zeb sib xyaw:
- mechanized;
- manual.
thawj thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si thaum sib xyaw mortar ntawm lub Hoobkas thiab ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Qhov thib ob txoj kev yog siv, ntawm chav kawm, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov tswv ntawm suburban cheeb tsam thaum tsim ib tug qauv nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv hauv qhov no. Kev sib tov yog ua tiav siv cov cuab yeej vaj tsev feem ntau.
Mechanical kneading technology, tig, tuaj yeem yog:
- tag nrho automated;
- simple.
Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb mortar yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Nws yog txoj kev no ntawm kneading uas yog siv nyob rau hauv factories.
Ib qho yooj yim thev naus laus zis rau kev npaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke suav nrog kev thauj cov khoom xyaw manually. Hauv qhov no, qhov sib xyaw tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom siv yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov txheej txheem no kuj tau siv ntau heev los ntawm cov tswv ntawm thaj chaw suburban hauv kev tsim kho tus kheej ntawm cov vaj tse pob zeb.
khoom siv
pob zeb tov khoom yog, tau kawg, siv los ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev sib xyaw cov cement mortar. Xws li cov cav tov rau kev npaj cov pob zeb sib xyaw tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv thiab muaj peev xwm. Nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no yog pheej yig thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis dhau qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom siv no, tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov tswv ntawm thaj chaw suburban thiab cov tsim tawm me me.
Txheem phau ntawv thauj khoom siv tshuab kneading txheej txheem
Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm kev sib xyaw mortar hauv cov pob zeb sib xyaw ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qhov ntev yog feem ntau tib yam. Thaum siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no, txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm loading cov khoom xyaw.
Txheem pob zeb sib xyaw tshuab hauv qhov no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- pob zeb thiab xuab zeb tau ntim rau hauv lub tais ntawm lub pob zeb sib tov;
- cov khoom xyaw no sib xyaw kom zoo;
- cement yog poured rau hauv lub tov khoom, tom qab uas lub pob zeb tov yog tig rau ob peb feeb;
- dej nchuav rau hauv lub tais.
Auto kneading technology
Txoj kev muab cov khoom xyaw rau hauv kev npaj cov pob zeb mortars ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom yog tib yam li thaum sib xyaw ntawm cov chaw tsim kho nrog phau ntawv rov qab ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, xuab zeb thiab gravel kuj muab tso rau hauv lub tais. Tom qab sib tov, cement yog ntxiv rau lawv. Tom qab ntawd lub tov khoom yog tig dua kom txog rau thaum ib homogeneous loj ntawm cov khoom xyaw qhuav tau.
Txoj kev tsis siv neeg thiab kev npaj yooj yim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv tsuas yog hauv kev ntxiv dej. Hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cement, xuab zeb thiab pob zeb qhuav yog thawj zaug nrog 70% ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib xyaw. Tom ntej no, lub pob zeb sib tov yog hloov mus rau 1 min. Tom qab ntawd cov dej ntxiv yog nchuav rau hauv cov tshuaj.
puas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov xaj xaj
Nws yog ntshaw kom muab cov khoom xyaw rau hauv lub pob zeb sib tov sib xyaw ua ke raws nraim li qhov tau hais los saum toj no. Txwv tsis pub, qhov sib tov yuav tom qab muaj cov pob, piv txwv li. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm npaj tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tseeb tias qhov kev daws teeb meem yuav tsis muaj qhov sib xws uas xav tau.
Yog tias qee qhov laj thawj, cov pob zeb ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho tau sib xyaw tsis raug thiab ua rau tsis zoo, koj tuaj yeem sim kho qhov xwm txheej yam tsis tas siv sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lumps, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau kom meej tov dua nyob rau hauv ib tug tov khoom. Yog tias cov pob zeb ua kua, cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau nws. Yog hais tias qhov sib tov yog tuab heev, nyias tawm nrog me ntsis dej. Tag nrho cov haujlwm no yuav tsum tau ua kom sai li sai tau. Cov cement mortar khaws nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 2-2.5 teev tom qab kev npaj.
Hand kneading technology
Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob muaj qhov zoo ib yam li thaum siv lub pob zeb sib tov, tab sis tseem tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv tsis hnyav heev. Cov khoom muag hauv qhov no feem ntau yog siv li no:
- nplua nuj;
- buckets;
- lub tawb;
- vaj hose.
Tus qauv tiag tiag ntawm kev npaj cov pob zeb sib xyaw hauv qhov no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- xuab zeb thiab pob zeb tau nchuav rau hauv lub qhov;
- sib xyaw ua kecov khoom xyaw qhuav;
- ntxiv cov cement rau hauv lub qhov thiab rov sib tov txhua yam kom du;
- ncuav dej rau hauv ib lub qhov thiab muab txhua yam ntxiv.
Cov cement sib tov yog kneaded siv cov txheej txheem no, feem ntau yog siv lub hoe. Nws ntseeg tau tias kev npaj kev daws teeb meem nrog cov cuab yeej zoo li no yooj yim dua nrog duav. Nyob rau theem kawg, cov cement tau pauv mus rau thoob thiab nchuav rau hauv daim ntawv.
Cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov pob zeb sib xyaw: cov kev xav tau zoo
Cov khoom xyaw rau kev npaj cov mortars ntawm hom no raug xaiv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb ntawm tom kawg. Rau cov khoom siv thauj khoom, tsuas yog qib siab cement (piv txwv li, M400 lossis M500), cov xuab zeb dej ntxhib thiab cov pob zeb zoo zoo feem ntau yog siv. Txhawm rau npaj cov plaster mortar, siv ib qho tsis tshua kim thiab zoo binder. Tib lub sijhawm, siv cov xuab zeb zoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, cement rau kev npaj cov pob zeb sib tov yuav tsum tau siv tshwj xeeb tshiab. Thaum lub sij hawm cia, cov khoom no feem ntau absorbs dej thiab, vim li ntawd, poob qhov zoo ntawm cov binder. Xuab zeb yuav tsum tau sifted ua ntej npaj cov kev daws teeb meem. Cov khoom no, ob qho tib si dej thiab chaw txua txiag zeb, tej zaum yuav muaj av, khib nyiab, organic residues.
Zoo li cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement, cov pob zeb crushed feem ntau yog npaj ua ntej sib tov cov mortar. Xws li cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tej zaum yuav muab faib ua ntej mus rau hauv feem. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb zoo li no rau qhov sib tov sib txawv, tab sistsis zoo li qub, txhim kho nws qhov zoo.
Muaj qee qhov kev xav tau rau cov dej npaj rau kev npaj cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau yam minerals. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, cov dej rau cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv tshwj xeeb huv si yam tsis muaj organic impurities thiab khib nyiab.
