Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev nyob thiab kev lag luam. Thiab ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis pheej yig tshaj plaws uas tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov yog thav duab. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yog ib tug thav duab. Ntau yam khoom siv tuaj yeem siv los sib sau ua ke xws li cov khoom siv thauj khoom. Piv txwv li, cov tsev feem ntau tau txhim tsa ntawm lub pob zeb ua vaj tse.
Thaum thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem siv
Lub tsev ntawm txhua lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem txhim kho ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog. Cov tshuab no yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim kho ntawm ob lub tsev nyob thiab kev cob qhia kev lag luam. Feem ntau, cov tsev ntau-storey yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, tau kawg. Raws li cov kev cai, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim vaj tsev mus txog 25 plag tsev siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshuab no tsuas yog zoo meej rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm loj.
Qee zaum, cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm ib lub tsev - ob-zaj dab neeg. Feem ntau ntawm cov pob txha zoo li notsim, ntawm chav kawm, qis-nce ntau lawm Rhiav thiab warehouses. Tab sis qee zaum cov tswv ntawm cov cheeb tsam suburban kuj siv cov cuab yeej no hauv kev tsim cov tsev me me los yog lub caij ntuj sov cottages. Cov qauv zoo li no tau txais tsis tau tsuas yog xis nyob, tab sis kuj ruaj khov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsev ntawm cov qauv tsim no zoo nkaus li ruaj khov thiab nthuav dav.
Ntau yam
Tsuas yog peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog tuaj yeem siv hauv kev tsim kho:
- national teams;
- monolithic;
- precast-monolithic.
Thawj hom pob txha pob txha yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm kev npaj ua kom muaj zog ntxiv dag zog, txhua kab thiab kev sib txuas, tsim los ntawm kev lag luam. Monolithic thav duab ntawm hom no yog nchuav ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Formworks yog pre-assembled nyob rau hauv lub structural ntsiab ntawm hom skeletons.
Prefabricated reinforced qhob thav duab, tig, raws li txoj kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem yog:
- frame;
- liison;
- combined.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov vaj tsev ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog, nrog rau lwm yam, yog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev npaj. Cov spans hauv cov qauv no tuaj yeem nqaim thiab dav heev.
Tau kawg, qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg qhov zoo ntawm cov tsev ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog tuaj yeem suav tias yog lawv qhov pheej yig. Cov tsev zoo li no hnyav dua li cib, vaj huam sib luag thiab cov tsev thaiv. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsis tas yuav tsim lub hauv paus kim kim heev.
Tsis tas li, qhov zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no suav nrogSijhawm:
- tsim cov tsev ruaj khov;
- furnishing loj cheeb tsam.
Hauv kev sib piv nrog cov hlau thiab ntoo thav duab, cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv yog qhov muaj zog ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem load-bearing yog, ntawm chav kawm, qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm hluav taws kub txaus ntshai.
Qee qhov tsis zoo ntawm prefabricated reinforced pob zeb thav duab yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb kim rau mounting ib tus neeg. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv monolithic ntawm hom no suav nrog qhov ntev ntawm lub sijhawm tsim kho. Qhob, hmoov tsis, matures rau lub sij hawm ntev - txog ib hlis. Ntawd yog, cov plag tsev ntawm cov tsev thaum siv cov cuab yeej sib dhos no yuav tsum tau txhim kho tsis tu ncua. Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum cov kev txhawb nqa muaj zog txaus los txhawb qhov hnyav ntawm cov plag tsev hnyav.
Txoj kev ua vaj tse pob zeb: kab
Cov khoom tiav tiav cov pob zeb ua tiav rau kev tsim kho cov tsev no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom los ntawm cov qib pob zeb los ntawm 200 txog 400. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los, mounting loops yog mounted nyob rau hauv lawv nyob rau hauv lub manufacturing theem (los yog lub qhov yog drilled nyob rau hauv lawv. thickness). Nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov qauv, kab, kab teeb, ties thiab crossbars ntawm cov seem sib txawv thiab lub zog yog siv thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho.
Piv txwv li, thaum txhim kho cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov tsev lag luam, cov plag tsev uas tom qab ntawd yuav raug rau cov khoom hnyav thaum ua haujlwm, siv kab 1.020. Xws liCov khoom tsim muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hnyav txog 500 tons.
Thaum tsim cov tsev, siv ob hom kev ua vaj tse pob zeb:
- regular;
- siv rau kev cob qhia nrog nyiaj siv ua haujlwm cranes.
Kem ntawm qhov kawg ntau yam muaj ob ntu: under-crane thiab tshaj-crane. Los ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv lub tsev, ob qho tib si ntawm cov khoom siv pob zeb no tau muab faib ua:
- phab ntsa;
- nruab nrab, mounted ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm spans.
Qhov siab ntawm precast qhob ncej kab tuaj yeem yog ib, ob lossis ntau lub plag tsev. Hauv daim ntawv, cov ntsiab lus yog:
- console;
- tsis muaj;
- T-shaped;
- L-zoo li tus.
Txhim kho cov pob zeb nrog cov square, round, annular lossis rectangular seem tuaj yeem siv hauv kev tsim kho.
Kab rov tav
Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb siv hauv kev tsim kho ntawm prefabricated reinforced pob zeb thav duab ntawm cov tsev tau muab faib ua lub hauv paus thiab hauv nruab nrab. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm thawj ntau yam feem ntau muaj cov duab ntawm I-beam. Lawv qhov siab tuaj yeem yog 400 lossis 600 mm, thiab qhov dav ntawm sab saum toj yog 300-400 mm. Nyob ntawm qhov ntev, lub hauv paus kab teeb tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim thiab luv. Cov khoom tom kawg feem ntau yog siv, piv txwv li, nyob ze cov pob qij txha expansion.
Interfloor beams ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog ntawm cov tsev hauv ntu tuaj yeem yog:
- T-shaped;
- rectangular;
- Z-shaped.
Lawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntev lossis ntau,thiab ib kauj ruam ntawm cov kab.
Kev sib txuas
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse muaj zog tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov cement mortar siv cov cuab yeej los yog hlau. Lawv tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej lub spatial rigidity ntawm lub tsev. Kev sib txuas tuaj yeem tsim tau ob qho tib si horizontally thiab vertically. Qee zaum, lawv tuaj yeem txuas rau kab pheeb ces kaum.
YFoundations
Cov tuam tsev yog tsim los ntawm prefabricated bases-blocks, uas yog "iav" nrog slab. Kev npaj rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov tsev zoo li no ntawm cov av qhuav yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb crushed, thiab ntawm cov av ntub dej - los ntawm cov pob zeb qib 500.
Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, lub dav hlau sab saud ntawm hom ntawm lub hauv paus yog muab tso rau 150 hli hauv qab ntawm theem ntawm cov av tiav. Txoj kev teeb tsa no tso cai rau koj rov qab rov qab lub qhov dej ua ntej txhim kho cov kab.
Hauv qab cov phab ntsa sab nrauv, cov kab hauv paus tau muab tso rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas lawv mus dhau lub dav hlau ntawm kab. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem enclosing, lawv muab tso rau hauv cov kab axial ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa ntsug. Thaum kawg, lub hauv paus kab teeb yog waterproofed nrog ob txheej ntawm dov khoom.
Txoj kev mounting lub prefabricated ncej
Lub tshuab txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws rau kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm ntau yam no yog thav duab. Cov pob zeb ua vaj huam sib luag sib sau ua ke siv cov thev naus laus zis no yog cov qauv ruaj khov. Cov kab thiab kab teeb yog txuas rau hauv cov thav ntawv los ntawm kev sib tsoo hlau.
Nyob rau hauv lub thav duab-braced thav duab ntawm lub pob zeb ua kom muaj zogtxais tsuas yog ntsug loads. Kab rov tav hauv cov qauv zoo li no poob rau hauv cov plag tsev. Tom qab, nyob rau hauv lem, hloov lub load mus rau lub flights ntawm stairs. Tsis tas li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov phab ntsa transverse thiab kawg yog koom nrog.
Nyob rau hauv cov kab lus sib dhos, cov khoom thauj tau muab faib ua ib yam li hauv cov khoom sib txuas. Qhov tsuas yog qhov fastenings ntawm lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog siv nruj, tab sis articulated.
Beamless frames
Cov qauv zoo li no tau sib sau ua ke hauv daim phiaj ntawm 6x6, 9x6 lossis 9x9 m. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov thav ntawv yog thawj tus. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm xws li cam khwb cia hlau skeletons yog:
- kam nrog lub peev;
- span daim hlau;
- windows slabs.
Lub tsev tau txhim tsa rau ntawm cov thav ntawv no tsawg dua li ntawm kab teeb. Cov cuab yeej no tsuas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse uas muaj zog ntxiv rau kev huv. Piv txwv li, kev cob qhia cov khoom noj siv mis thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus, nrog rau cov tsev khaws khoom hauv tub yees, feem ntau tsim los siv cov cuab yeej no.
Ncej ntawm ntau yam no tau tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis yooj yim heev. Interfloor slabs nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog nteg nyob rau hauv lub capitals ntawm txhua kab thiab ntxiv tsau.
Prefabricated-monolithic thav duab: kev tsim kho
Lub tsev kuj tseem ua tau ntau zaus ntawm cov pob txha zoo li no. Kev sib txuas hauv cov qauv zoo li no, xws li hauv cov ncej prefabricated, yog muab nruj. Kem nyob rau hauv thav duab ntawm no ntau yam yog siv npaj txhij-ua Hoobkas sawv daws yuav. Lub qab nthab yog pouredncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw hauv formwork. Qhov kev siv tshuab no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tsev qis qis. Nws lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog txo lub sijhawm thiab tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho.
Technology rau txhim kho ib lub thav duab monolithic
Hauv qab cov thav ntawv no tuaj yeem siv los ua lub hauv paus slab, nrog rau sawb lossis kem lub hauv paus nrog grillage. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis tsuas yog interfloor ceilings yog poured rau hauv lub formwork, tab sis kuj txhua. Siv cov thev naus laus zis no, feem ntau, tsis yog lub tsev loj ib lossis ob-zaj tsev nyob tau raug tsim.
suav nrog cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub pob zeb ua vaj huam sib luag, feem ntau yog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
- tsim lub hauv paus raws li tus qauv txheej txheem;
- cov kab;
- pua pem teb slabs.
Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv monolithic reinforced pob zeb thav duab ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg tsev yog rigidly interconnected. Tsis siv cov pob khawm sib txuas hauv cov qauv zoo li no. Kev sib txuas ntawm kab nrog qab nthab thiab lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yog ua los ntawm kev txhawb nqa, tom qab ntawd los ntawm embedded nrog cement mortar.
Cov kab hauv cov tsev zoo li no feem ntau yog nchuav rau hauv formwork uas muaj ib qho square lossis square. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej erection ntawm phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab, lub formwork nyob rau hauv xws li cov tsev yog mounted rau tshwj xeeb telescopic Hoobkas racks nyob nrog ib tug me me kauj ruam ntawm ib leeg. Tsis tas li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev txhawb nqa ua los ntawm cov cav ntawm ib qho loj txaus siv tau.
Txhim lub tawb hauv cov pob zeb muaj zogcov skeletons yog ua los ntawm tuab steel tuav. Thaum sib sau ua ke, ob qho tib si vuam thiab zoo tib yam knitting hlau yuav siv tau.
phab ntsa sab hauv thiab sab nrauv
Foamed blocks yog siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau yog cov khoom siv rau kev kaw cov tsev ntawm prefabricated los yog monolithic reinforced pob zeb thav ntawv. Kev siv cov khoom siv zoo li no muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Ua npuas ncauj blocks tsis hnyav heev. Lawv feem ntau loj txaus hauv qhov loj, uas tso cai rau tso rau hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.
Tsis tas li ntawd, foamed blocks tsis yog kim tshwj xeeb, uas tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lawv cov pluses. Hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tsev nrog cov phab ntsa zoo li no, feem ntau yog tsim ib qho chaw zoo nkauj microclimate. Nws muaj peev xwm nteg tawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj zog ntxiv ob qho tib si los ntawm cov blocks loj hauv ib txheej, thiab los ntawm cov me me - hauv ob peb.
Phab ntsa yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo li no siv cov cuab yeej technology. Ntawd yog, thaum tso, cov neeg tsim khoom siv cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb es tsis txhob siv cov cement txhawm rau kom tsis txhob pom cov txuas hniav txias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua kab plaub ntawm cov masonry ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij siv cov pas nrig steel nrog cov rooj vag ua ntej.
