pob zeb yog cov khoom siv pob zeb tsim los ntawm tib neeg. Koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej lossis yuav nws npaj ua los ntawm lub Hoobkas pob zeb, uas txo lub sijhawm tsim kho.
pob zeb yog granite, gravel thiab dolomite (lime). Nws muaj xws li aggregate, dej, binders thiab additives. Qhov no yog ib qho kev daws ntawm cement, xuab zeb, muab tub lim thiab dej, qee zaum kuj ntxiv cov yas yas. Cement khi tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem. Xuab zeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv dej ntxhib-grained, qee zaum nws hloov nrog slag. Ua ntej kneading, cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau sieved kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab ntau dhau. Crushed pob zeb feem ntau yog siv, vim nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws muab tub lim, qee zaum nws hloov nrog pob zeb lossis nthuav av nplaum.
Tseem muaj xws li ib yam li cov pob zeb crushed feem, nws yog txiav txim nyob ntawm seb qhov luaj li cas ntawm hais. Lub pob zeb me dua, qhov qis dua tus lej feem. Rau lub hauv paus, feem ntau siv los ntawm 20 mus rau40 yog qhov nruab nrab. Lub plasticizer yog siv los faib cov Frost tsis kam thiab dej tsis kam rau cov tshuaj tiav. Tsis tshua muaj, ntxiv dag zog fibers ntawm polypropylene thiab polyvinyl chloride. Pob zeb yog sib xyaw hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 3: 6: cement + xuab zeb (pob zeb) + dej.
Types of concrete
Cov kev daws teeb meem hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- Raws li npaj. Cov no suav nrog cov lus pom zoo thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Cov qub yog siv rau kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab vaj tse, tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm hydraulic engineering, txoj kev thiab lwm yam qauv.
- Raws li daim ntawv khi. Cov no suav nrog cov cement, gypsum, silicate mortars, thiab lwm yam.
- Raws li cov chaw tuav. Muaj cov pob zeb ntawm ntom ntom, ntxeem tau thiab tshwj xeeb additives.
- Raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm hardening. Muab faib ua kev kho nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm noo thiab sov kev kho mob ntawm ib txwm atmospheric siab, thiab thaum kho nrog kub thiab noo noo ntawm atmospheric siab tshaj li qub (autoclave curing).
Koj xav tau pes tsawg lub pob zeb rau lub hauv paus?
txhawm rau xam cov lej ntawm cov pob zeb, ntau tus neeg siv lub laij lej online. Tab sis koj tseem tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej, siv cov qauv rau qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb los xam. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi lub hauv paus yog, thiab, raws li lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, xaiv ib qho qauv.
Lub hauv paus tshwm sim: daim kab xev, pawg thiab slab, kuj tseem muaj ntau yam ntawm lub hauv paus, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv peb qhov uas lawv sivpouring qhob.
Formula rau strip foundation. Ua ntej ua kev xam, koj yuav tsum paub qhov dav thiab qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus daim kab xev. Tom qab qhov dav yog muab faib los ntawm qhov siab thiab peb tau txais qhov ntim ntawm cov pob zeb xav tau rau pouring. Nws zoo li qhov no: V=SL, qhov twg V yog qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb, S yog qhov chaw hla ntu, L yog qhov ntev ntawm daim kab xev. Yuav kom tau txais tus nqi S, koj yuav tsum muab qhov dav ntawm daim kab xev los ntawm qhov siab.
Piv txwv li, muab qhov tseem ceeb: 50 cm - dav ntawm daim kab xev, qhov siab - 180 cm, ntev - 49 m. Solution: V=490, 51, 8=44, 1 lub voos xwmfab ntawm pob zeb.
Formula rau pawg hauv paus. S=3, 14r, S - thaj tsam ntawm ib kem, r - pawg vojvoog.
V=Hn, qhov H yog qhov siab ntawm txhua tus ncej ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab n yog tus ncej. Piv txwv li, txoj kab uas hla ntawm kab yog 20 cm, qhov ntev yog 2 meters. Yuav tsum tau 0.0628 cubes ntawm pob zeb.
Formula rau slab foundation. V=SH. S yog tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm tag nrho cov slab thiab H yog lub thickness ntawm slab. Piv txwv li, rau slab 5 m ntev, 5 m dav thiab 0.15 m tuab, koj yuav xav tau: V=550.15=3.75 cubes ntawm pob zeb.
Cim suav suav
Nws muaj ib qho kev kawm tshwj xeeb: online pob zeb ntim tshuab xam zauv. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau sau cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub rooj, muaj cov lus piav qhia rau txhua qhov haujlwm. Koj tuaj yeem suav pes tsawg cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau rau pob zeb, xuab zeb lossis pob zeb, piv txwv li.
Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los xam qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb thiab nws cov khoom sib txuas. Nws tseem tuaj yeem suav rau ib pawg lossis txawm tias ib lub thoob. Tau kawg, qhov kev suav no yuav kwv yees,tiag tiag, koj yuav tsum tau sim kneading thiab saib qhov tshwm sim.
Qhov no yog hais txog kev xuas tes txhuam tag nrho cov khoom xyaw. Nrog kev tsim khoom sib xyaw, txhua qhov ntsuas tau, ntawm chav kawm, muaj tseeb dua. Siv lub laij lej, koj tuaj yeem txuag koj lub sijhawm, koj tsis tas yuav tso saib tag nrho cov kev suav nrog cov qauv ntawm koj tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov npoo ntawm qhov yuam kev yog tsawg heev hauv kev suav online. Tsis muaj leej twg xav kom them nyiaj ntau dua yog tias qhov yuam kev yog qhov loj, thiab tom qab ntawd nrhiav qhov chaw uas cov pob zeb no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Thiab thaum suav nqis, tau kawg, koj tsis xav hu rau lub pob zeb sib tov ob peb zaug thiab ib zaug them nyiaj rau kev xa cov pob zeb. Ntau lub tshuab xam zauv muaj cov lus qhia.
Yuav ua li cas xam qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb rau hauv pem teb?
Yog li, rau hauv pem teb screed, koj thawj zaug yuav tsum tau ua qhov tsim nyog suav. Cov mis rau xam qhov ntim ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb rau pem teb screed: V=SH, qhov twg S yog qhov chaw ntawm lub screed, H yog nws thickness. Piv txwv li, cheeb tsam yog 10 square meters. m, thiab lub thickness ntawm lub screed yog 0.5 m. V=100.5=5 cubes ntawm pob zeb yog xav tau rau pem teb screed.
Ntxiv rau qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab npaum li cas cov cement koj xav tau yog tias koj nchuav cov plag tsev koj tus kheej. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum tau muab faib ua 490. Qhov ntawd yog pes tsawg kilograms ntawm cement yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm pob zeb. Koj tuaj yeem xam cov xuab zeb, uas koj yuav tsum tau muab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov cement los ntawm 3, thiab peb yuav tau txais qhov tseeb.
pob zeb pob zeb
Yuav ua li cas yog cov pob zeb muaj zog? Cov no yog cov pob zeb muaj zog. Pob zeb rings muaj cov hlau thiab pob zeb. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov nplhaib no yog tsimqhov dej, qhov no yog nws cov ncej. Koj tuaj yeem xam qhov ntim ntawm cov pob zeb hauv cov pob zeb muaj zog los ntawm kev xa mus rau cov peev txheej hauv Is Taws Nem, siv ntau lub tshuab xam zauv online rau kev xam. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum paub qhov siab, txoj kab uas hla thiab tuab ntawm lub nplhaib.
Tab sis kuj muaj cov qauv rau kev suav tus kheej. Nws zoo li no: V=HS, qhov twg H yog qhov siab ntawm lub nplhaib, S yog nws cheeb tsam. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab thaj tsam, koj yuav tsum suav qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub voj voog sab nraud, rau qhov no, ib nrab ntawm tus lej "pi" yog muab faib los ntawm txoj kab uas hla thiab los ntawm 2. Nws zoo li qhov no: S=1/2πD2. Tom qab ntawd koj xav tau, siv tib lub mis, los laij lub voj voog sab hauv, thiab tom qab ntawd thaj tsam ntawm lub voj voog sab nraud yog rho tawm ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub voj voog sab hauv, thiab peb tau txais cov kev ntsuas ntawm lub nplhaib..
Nyhav 1 lub voos xwmfab?
Yuav teb cov lus nug seb 1 lub pob zeb hnyav npaum li cas, ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub qhov ntom ntawm cov tshuaj. Tau kawg, qhov siab dua, qhov hnyav ntawm cov pob zeb ntau dua.
Feem ntau hauv kev tsim kho lawv siv tus nqi ntawm 490 kg. Qhov no yog tus nqi ntawm pob zeb hauv ib lub voos xwmfab, tab sis kom meej meej hauv qhov teeb meem no, txhua yam nyob ntawm nws hom.
Los ntawm qhov hnyav, kev daws teeb meem tau muab faib ua lub teeb, hnyav, lub teeb ntxiv thiab hnyav ntxiv.
- Lub teeb hnyav hnyav txog 500 kg. Cov no yog cellular pob zeb. Lawv suav nrog tsuas yog xuab zeb, cement thiab foaming tus neeg sawv cev. Siv los ua slabs thiab blocks.
- Lub ntsws hnyav ntawm 500-1800 kg. Cov muab tub lim yog feem ntau nthuav av nplaum, tab sis kuj muaj cov qauv ntxeem tau muab tso rau. Siv rau pouring screeds, thaiv cov khoom, laj kab.
- Hav los ntawm 1800 txog 2500 kg. Lawv muaj qhov hnyav li ntawdrau hnyav fillers xws li gravel, crushed pob zeb, coarse xuab zeb. Hom no yog siv rau screeds, load-bearing structures.
- hnyav heev ntawm 2500 txog 3000 kg. Cov pob zeb hnyav muaj cov qauv sib txawv me ntsis, feem ntau yog nyob ntawm hom cement, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav, txawm tias me me, tseem muaj. Thiab lawv ua hom no nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv factories.
Nov yog 1 lub pob zeb hnyav npaum li cas, nyob ntawm nws qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab daim ntawv thov.
Concrete quality indicators
Muaj 5 qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, lawv tau qhia los ntawm cov ntawv thiab tus lej. Thawj qhov taw qhia yog hom pob zeb, piv txwv li, M100 - M800, qhov twg cov lej qhia lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov taw qhia thib ob yog chav kawm ntawm pob zeb, uas cov chaw tsim khoom muab kev lees paub, piv txwv li, B3, 5 - B60. Qhov ntsuas thib peb yog qib Frost tsis kam F (25-1000). Qhov taw qhia thib plaub yog cov dej tsis sib haum, qhia los ntawm W (2-20). Qhov ntsuas thib tsib yog qhov kev txav mus los ntawm cov pob zeb. Lub npe “P” (1–5).
Qhob qib. Daim ntawv thov
M 100 yog siv ua ntej kev txhawb nqa.
M 200 (B 15) - hom no yog siv los sau lub hauv paus.
M 300 (B 22, 5) - nyob rau hauv kev thov rau kev tsim kho ntawm monolithic lug thiab sawb foundations.
M 350 (B 25) - tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv pob zeb, pas dej, pawg, thiab lwm yam yog tsim los ntawm nws
M 400 (B 30) - tsim choj, tsim cov qauv hydraulic.
M 450 (B 35) - teem sai sai, yog li nws tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm subways, dams, dams.
M 500 (B 40) thiab M 550 (B 45) - qib siab zogpob zeb. Lawv tau tsim los rau kev tsim tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv hydraulic.
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv pob zeb
Hauv kev tsim kho, kev ua dej tsis zoo pab tiv thaiv pob zeb. Muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv thawj thiab theem nrab. Kev tiv thaiv thawj zaug yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv thawj zaug, piv txwv li, qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm daim ntawv raug, cov khoom siv, thickness ntawm cov pob zeb txheej txheej, thiab lwm yam. Hom kev tiv thaiv no kuj suav nrog impregnation ntawm pob zeb nrog tshwj xeeb waterproofing sib tov, piv txwv li, nkag mus ua haujlwm.
Kev tiv thaiv thib ob suav nrog kev ntsuas rau txheej txheej ntxiv ntawm pob zeb. Ua li no, siv ntau yam txhais tau tias, nyias-txheej impregnations, cov coatings puv heev thiab nws tus kheej-leveling pem teb. Lub hauv paus, piv txwv li, yog waterproofed ua ntej nrog cov khoom vov tsev, thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum nws tau npaj txhij, nrog bituminous mastic.
Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj los xam qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb ntawm koj tus kheej, muaj tag nrho cov ntsuas ntawm tes, thiab paub cov qauv. Nws tseem yooj yim dua los ua qhov no nrog kev pab ntawm cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Lub tshuab xam zauv ntim pob zeb yuav ua rau txoj haujlwm yooj yim heev.
