Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub tsev yog lub hauv paus. Yog tias koj ua kom raug, ces tus qauv yuav tsis tuaj yeem siv tsis tau hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Lub hauv paus slab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntseeg siab thiab lub zog, yog li nws feem ntau xaiv los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev thiab cov neeg tsim khoom.
Tab sis yog tias koj siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb, lawv yuav thov ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm cov nqi ntawm lub tsev rau kev tsim kho. Ntawm koj tus kheej kev paub, koj tuaj yeem pom tias tus nqi ntawm lub tsev no tsis zoo heev. Koj tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus slab koj tus kheej.
Thaum siv?
Monolithic foundation - ib lub pob zeb uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim vaj tsev nyob thiab cov tsev tsis nyob. Qhov no siv rau cov tsev uas yuav tsis muaj qab nthab. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog tias koj tsis tas yuav nteg cov cav hauv qab hauv pem teb, vim cov pob zeb tuaj yeem ua raws li cov txheej txheem npaj txhij.
Lub hauv paus no yog seismic resistant, siab zog thiab tsis ntxuav tawm los ntawm dej, vimcheeb tsam loj txaus. Qhov kev tsim kho hauv qab lub tsev no yuav tsim nyog yog tias muaj teeb meem av ntawm qhov chaw.
Technology nta
Monolithic foundation - slab uas tuaj yeem tsim siv ib qho ntawm ob lub thev naus laus zis. Yog hais tias tus qauv yog npaj los ua monolithic, ces ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau nruab lub formwork, thiab ces sib sau ua ke lub pob tawb. Qhob yog poured nyob rau hauv ib tug pass. Thaum lub hauv paus yog npaj los ua prefabricated, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, cov seams uas tau nchuav nrog pob zeb. Tus tsim tsis xav tau formwork, nrog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tawb ntxiv.
Tab sis txoj hauv kev no muaj nws qhov tsis zoo: koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav cov thickness uas xav tau, vim tias cov phaj yog tsim los ntawm lub Hoobkas thiab muaj qee yam tsis muaj. Qhov tseeb, xws li kev tsim yuav tsis yog monolithic, uas ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj zog. Yuav tsum muaj ib lub crane rau tso cov vuas. Yog tias hauv av muaj qhov tsis sib xws, tom qab ntawd nws yuav nyuaj heev rau nteg cov khoom, koj yuav tsum tau theem lawv, uas yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem ua manually.
Yuav ua li cas rau qhov cub
A monolithic slab rau lub hauv paus yog tsim los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis uas muab rau kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus qhov tob ntawm qhov xav tau qhov tob thiab qhov loj me. Ib txheej ntawm xuab zeb los yog gravel yog poured mus rau hauv qab, tom qab uas cov kev sib txuas lus yog nteg, piv txwv li, dej thiab kav dej. Ib qho screed yog muab tso rau saum. Cov qauv no yuav tsum tau insulated, thiab tom qab ntawd formwork yuav tsum tau ntsia, nrog rau lub tawb ntxiv. Lub slab tuaj yeem sau nrog pob zeb hauv kauj ruam tom ntej.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm slab thickness
Lub thickness ntawm lub hauv paus slab nyob ntawm seb hom tsev twg koj npaj yuav tsim. Lub tsev hnyav dua, lub thickness yuav tsum yog slab. Yog hais tias tus qauv yog ntiav, ces lub thickness yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 30 cm. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hauv paus tuaj yeem ua kom tob. Hauv qhov no, nws qhov tuab yuav yog 1.5 m.
Rau lub tsev ntiav, feem ntau yog siv lub hauv paus, qhov tuab ntawm qhov tsis ntau tshaj 40 cm. Lub hauv paus slabs yog nchuav nrog M-200 qib pob zeb. Kev txav mus los ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum yog P-3, thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv kom txias yog sib npaug rau F200 txwv. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub cim dej tiv thaiv, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua W8.
theem tsim
Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tsim kho lub hauv paus slab yuav yog qhov cim ntawm thaj chaw. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim dua rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov formwork, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv txog ib 'meter' ntawm ob sab ntawm lub qhov. Lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau leveled: qhov no yog tib txoj kev los normalize lub siab ntawm lub phaj, uas yuav tsum tau uniform. Hauv qab ntawm lub qhov dej yog leveled, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov tee thiab pob.
txhawm rau tsim cov dej ntws, nws yuav tsum tau khawb cov trench transverse los ntawm cov dej yuav ntws tawm. Geotextiles muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum nteg cov kav dej yas nrog perforations. Tag nrho cov no yog them nrog gravel zoo, thiab ces them nrog geotextile.
Formwork installation
Lub hauv paus slab yog nchuav rau hauv lub formwork. Nws yog khob ua ke nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm cov laug cam. sab nraum zoovsab yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog nrog struts. Thaum lub laj kab tau npaj txhij, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua ib lub hauv ncoo, uas muaj ib txheej ntawm xuab zeb thiab gravel. Xws li kev npaj yog xav tau kom tshem tawm noo noo los ntawm cov qauv thiab depreciate av. Lub hauv ncoo tuaj yeem muaj qhov tuab ntawm 15 txog 30 cm.
Yog av ntub, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov pob zeb zoo. Kev npaj yog zoo compacted. Yuav tsum tsis muaj hneev taw ntawm cov xuab zeb. Tom qab koj yuav tsum tau ua waterproofing. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj ib qho kev daws ntawm xuab zeb thiab cement, uas yog poured rau hauv lub hauv ncoo. Lub thickness ntawm cov txheej no yuav yog 5 cm. Tom qab ntawd, waterproofing tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv dov, xws li cov khoom siv vov tsev. Nws yog pw nrog ib qho sib tshooj ntawm lub formwork.
Tom qab cov dej tsis sib haum tau npaj lawm, koj tuaj yeem pib ntxiv dag zog. Rau qhov no, kev siv dag zog yog siv, vuam tsis suav nrog. Cov pas nrig yog rub ua ke nrog hlau. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem pib nchuav lub hauv paus slab. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaj lub tshuab nrog cov tshuaj khib nyiab, qhov no koj tuaj yeem ua cov pob zeb ua haujlwm ib zaug, nws yuav tig mus ua homogeneous thiab tsis npog nrog cov kab nrib pleb.
Thickness xam
Qhov kev suav yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov tuab yog ua los ntawm kev suav nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa meshes, lub thickness ntawm qhov reinforcement thiab pob zeb txheej. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus nqi yog 30 cm. Qhov kawg tshwm sim yog txiav txim los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av thiab cov uniformity ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm pob zeb. Koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov dav ntawm cov xuab zeb cushion thiab cov txheej dej ntws.
Rau lub hauv paus slab, tshem tawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov av thiab khawb ib lub qhov, qhov tob uas tuaj yeemyog 0.5 m. Tus nqi no yog txiav txim siab coj mus rau hauv tus account tias lub pob zeb crushed yog nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm 20 cm, thiab cov xuab zeb yog 30 cm. Yog hais tias koj ntxiv li cov ntaub ntawv muaj, koj muaj peev xwm nkag siab tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness ntawm lub hauv paus slab. tsis tuaj yeem tsawg dua 60 cm. Qhov ntsuas no txawv nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov av thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej.
Rau lub tsev cib, cov slab tuaj yeem ua 5 cm tuab dua li tib lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ua npuas ncauj. Yog hais tias lub tsev muaj ib tug thib ob pem teb, thiab cov phab ntsa yog ua los ntawm cib, lub thickness ntawm lub monolithic slab yuav nce mus rau 40 cm. Qhov no tus nqi yuav ntau dua, nyob ntawm seb lub configuration ntawm lub tsev thiab nws qhov hnyav. Thaum tsim ib lub tsev ob-zaj ua npuas ncauj, nws tuaj yeem yog 35 cm.
Piv txwv ntawm ntim thiab thickness xam
Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav ua tiav qhov kev suav ntawm lub hauv paus slab, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb cov pob zeb yuav nchuav li cas. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, thaj tsam ib leeg yog muab faib ua qhov tuab. Koj tuaj yeem nkag siab txog kev suav los ntawm kev xa mus rau ib qho piv txwv tshwj xeeb. Yog hais tias lub tsev yog 10 x 10 m, thiab lub hauv paus monolithic yog 0.25 m tuab, ces qhov ntim ntawm lub slab yuav yog 25 m 3. Tus nqi no tau los ntawm kev muab peb tus lej sib npaug.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim lub hauv paus slab nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum paub tias yuav tsum muaj pob zeb ntau npaum li cas rau kev ua haujlwm. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub installation ntawm stiffeners, uas yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tsis kam mus deformation. Lawv yuav nyob nrog thiab hla lub phaj ntawm qhov deb ntawm 3 m, tsim cov squares. Rau kev xam, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov siab thiab ntev ntawm cov tavnruj. Qhov taw qhia kawg yog 10 m. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 8 ribs yog yuav tsum tau, yog li tag nrho cov ntev yuav yog 80 m. Rau rectangular ribs, lub ntim yuav yog 16 m3. Cov nqi no tau txais raws li hauv qab no: 0.25 x 0.8 x 80. Rau cov kab trapezoidal, lub hauv paus qis yog 1.5 npaug ntawm lub hauv paus tuab, thiab lub hauv paus sab saud yog 0.8.
Slabs rau strip bases
Slabs ntawm sawb foundations tseem hu ua lub hauv ncoo hauv ncoo thiab siv los ua lub hauv paus rau cov tsev qis. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub hauv paus thiab faib cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom. Txoj hauv kev no rau kev tsim lub tsev yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov av ntawm thaj chaw nyiam sag thaum lub caij ntuj no. Lub hauv paus blocks yog cov duab plaub, yog li cov khoom thauj ntawm cov av los ntawm cov khoom qis nce nrog txhua kab nteg.
Yog tias lub hauv paus siab dhau lawm, yog vim li cas cov khoom thauj hauv av, kev tawg ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub geometry ntawm lub tsev. Tib txoj kev tseeb ntawm qhov teeb meem no yuav yog txo cov load ntawm cov av. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev txo qhov loj ntawm lub hauv paus qauv los yog ua kom cov cheeb tsam. Rau txoj kev thib ob, daim kab xev tau tsim, uas ua raws li qhov sib txuas ntawm cov av thiab cov hauv paus blocks.
In xaus
Lub hauv paus, uas yog raws li lub pob zeb, yog lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Nws muaj cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, uas tau muab tso rau tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev. Cov qauv zoo li no muaj zog heev thiab siv zog tsawg rau hauv av. Tab sis xws liTsuas yog lub hauv paus monolithic muaj qhov zoo, qhov tuab ntawm qhov txiav txim siab coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tob ntawm kev tso thiab thauj khoom, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov av, nrog rau qhov hnyav ntawm pob zeb.
