Hnub no, kev teeb tsa hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg yog qhov tsim nyog engineering ntawm txhua lub tsev. Tsis tsuas yog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej nyob ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm tsis raug, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb tshaj, kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntawm tib neeg. Kev kuaj xyuas hluav taws raws sijhawm thiab txhim khu kev qha muab sijhawm rau tib neeg kom khiav tawm mus rau thaj chaw nyab xeeb, thiab cov chaw tua hluav taws kom pib tua hluav taws sai sai, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis mus.
Nyob ntawm detectors
Fire detectors ua ib feem ntawm lub tswb tsis siv neeg hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntes hluav taws. Nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua, lawv muab faib ua hom. Nov yog:
- smoke detector - reacts rau qhov tsos ntawm cov pa taws hauv chav;
- thermal sensor - tshwm sim thaum lub teeb kub dhau lawm;
- nplaim taws ntes - ntes qhov pom lossis infrared tawg ntawm nplaim taws;
- gas analyzer - sau npe cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li carbon monoxide.
Kev xaiv qhov raug ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws raws sijhawm.
Hluav taws xob thauj khoom thiab ntes hom
Qhov chaw ntawm ntau yamkev teem caij muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws kub thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab yog qhov hluav taws kub hnyav - tag nrho cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv hauv chav. Piv txwv li, qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov xim pleev xim los yog roj yog nrog cov nplaim taws, uas tuaj yeem ntes tau los ntawm cov nplaim taws. Tab sis tib lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo hauv cov chav nrog kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem ua rau smoldering, lub ntsuas pa taws yuav ua rau cov pa taws los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv smoldering.
Smoke detectors
Qhov feem ntau thiab muaj txiaj ntsig txhais tau tias kuaj pom hluav taws yog lub ntsuas pa taws tsis siv neeg. Tom qab tag nrho, kev tso pa luam yeeb yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem combustion ntawm ntau yam khoom, xws li ntawv, ntoo, textiles, cable khoom, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Cov sensors no yog tsim los xyuas cov hluav taws kub nrog cov pa luam yeeb thaum ntxov. ntawm hluav taws. Cov cuab yeej siv no siv tau zoo thaum muab tso rau hauv cov tsev nyob, cov tsev pej xeem, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab chaw cia khoom nrog cov khoom siv uas nquag tso pa tawm thaum lub sij hawm combustion.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa luam yeeb
Smoke sensors yog raws li lub teeb tawg ntawm cov pa luam yeeb microparticles. Lub emitter ntawm ib tug sensor, feem ntau yog ib tug LED, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teeb los yog infrared ntau yam. Nws irradiates huab cua nyob rau hauv lub pa luam yeeb chamber, thaum haus luam yeeb, ib feem ntawm lub teeb flux yog reflected los ntawm cov pa taws thiab tawg. Qhov tawg tawg tawg no yog kaw rau ntawm photodetector. Microprocessor-raws li teeb liab tsom xam ntawm lub photodetector txhaistus ntes yog nyob rau hauv tswb. Nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm emitter thiab receiver, lub detectors tuaj yeem yog taw tes thiab linear. Cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm hom no pib nrog "IP 212", tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev xaiv digital ntawm tus qauv. Hauv kev xaiv, cov ntawv sawv cev rau "tus ntsuas hluav taws", thawj tus naj npawb 2 yog "pas luam yeeb", tus lej 12 yog "optical". Yog li, tag nrho cov cim "IP 212" txhais tau tias: "Optical pa taws detector".
Point smoke detectors
Hauv cov khoom siv ntawm hom no, lub emitter thiab receiver tau nruab rau hauv tib lub tsev nyob rau sab nraud ntawm chav pa taws. Lub perforation ntawm lub cev sensor xyuas kom meej unhindered nkag mus rau cov pa luam yeeb chamber. Yog li, lub optical-electronic pa luam yeeb ntes tswj cov qib ntawm cov pa luam yeeb hauv chav tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm ib qho chaw. Hom sensor no yog compact, yooj yim rau nruab thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Lawv lub ntsiab drawback yog qhov txwv tswj cheeb tsam, tsis pub tshaj 80 sq.m. Feem ntau, cov ntsuas taw tes tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub qab nthab, nce ntxiv nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm chav tsev. Tab sis nws muaj peev xwm nruab rau ntawm phab ntsa, hauv pem teb.
Linear pa taws detectors
Nyob rau hauv cov sensors no, lub emitter thiab receiver yog ua raws li cov khoom sib cais ntsia ntawm ntau sab ntawm chav tsev. Yog li, lub emitter beam hla tag nrho chav tsev thiab tswj nws cov pa taws. Raws li txoj cai, qhov ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej no tsis pub tshaj 150 m. Muaj cov cuab yeej xaiv uas lub emitter thiab receiver.tau nruab rau hauv ib lub tsev, thiab lawv cov axes kho qhov muag raug coj mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia. Rau kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm xws li ib tug detector, ib tug ntxiv reflector (reflector) yog siv, uas yog ntsia rau ntawm lub opposite phab ntsa thiab xa rov qab lub transmitter beam mus rau lub receiver. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntev thiab siab, xws li chav tsev, sab hauv tsev, chaw ua yeeb yam. Lawv raug ntsia rau ntawm phab ntsa hauv qab lub qab nthab, lub emitter ntawm ib phab ntsa, lub receiver ntawm qhov opposite. Hauv chav siab, xws li atriums, sensors tau teeb tsa hauv ob peb theem.
Sensor rhiab
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntsuas pa taws yog lawv qhov rhiab heev. Nws characterizes lub peev xwm ntawm lub sensor mus ntes qhov tsawg kawg nkaus concentration ntawm pa luam yeeb hais nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm huab cua. Tus nqi no yog ntsuas hauv dB thiab nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.05-0.2 dB. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo yog qhov muaj peev xwm tswj tau lawv qhov rhiab heev thaum hloov kev taw qhia, muab hluav taws xob, teeb pom kev zoo, kub thiab lwm yam sab nraud. Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas lub photodetector, tshwj xeeb laser pointers los yog aerosols yog siv, uas tso cai rau cov chaw taws teeb tswj ntawm lub detector qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Analog thiab chaw nyob systems
Hauv lub tswb hluav taws kub, cov cuab yeej ntes tau txuas nrog lub voj voog rau lub vaj huam sib luag, uas txheeb xyuas lawv qhov xwm txheej thiab, yog tias tshwm sim, teeb tsa lub tswb. Nyob ntawm txoj kev sib kislub xeev detectors yog analog los yog chaw nyob.
Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob analog hluav taws xob txuas nrog rau qhov sib npaug rau lub voj thiab, thaum tshwm sim, txo qis nws qhov tsis kam, hauv lwm lo lus, luv luv-circuits lub voj. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm lub voj yog tsau los ntawm kev tswj vaj huam sib luag. Raws li txoj cai, kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej analog yog nqa tawm los ntawm ob-xaim voj, los ntawm kev siv lub zog los ntawm cov khoom siv. Tab sis muaj kev xaiv rau kev sib txuas hauv plaub-xaim tswv yim. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kab ke no yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm los saib xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab ntes, ntxiv rau, qee zaum lub voj voog ua rau tsis muaj qhov qhia txog qhov tshwm sim sensor.
Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau nruab nrog lub microprocessor uas saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm lub sensor thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, kho nws qhov chaw. Xws li cov sensors txuas nrog lub voj digital, uas txhua tus ntes tau muab nws tus lej. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug system, lub tswj vaj huam sib luag tau txais tsis tau tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub detector triggering thiab nws cov xov tooj, tab sis kuj cov ntaub ntawv kev pab cuam ntawm kev ua tau zoo, plua plav cov ntsiab lus, thiab lwm yam.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej niaj hnub no feem ntau muaj cov teeb tsa hauv LED uas txiav txim siab lawv cov xwm txheej los ntawm blinking.
Autonomous fire detectors
Feem ntau tsis tas yuav teeb tsa lub tswb hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg, nws txaus los ceeb toom rau tib neeg hauv ib chav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws. Rau cov hom phiaj no, lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Cov cuab yeej no muab cov pa luam yeeb sensor thiab lub suab tshaj tawm.(siren). Thaum chav tsev muaj cov pa luam yeeb, lub tshuab kuaj pom pom muaj pa taws thiab nrog nws lub suab teeb liab ceeb toom rau tib neeg txog qhov muaj qhov txaus ntshai ntawm cov pa luam yeeb. Xws li sensors yog tus kheej-powered - built-in roj teeb, lub peev xwm ntawm uas yog txaus ua hauj lwm rau peb lub xyoos.
Cov cuab yeej no zoo tagnrho rau kev teeb tsa hauv chav tsev lossis tsev me. Qee cov qauv tso cai rau koj los ua ke cov sensors rau hauv lub network me me, piv txwv li, hauv chav tsev. Nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm xws li ib tug sensor muaj ib tug LED qhia, cov xim thiab zaus ntawm flashing uas qhia nws tus mob.
