Txiv neej tau siv lub qhov rooj hauv lawv lub tsev rau ntau pua xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ua ntej lub caij no tsuas yog los tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg tsis tau tso cai, niaj hnub no cov haujlwm ntawm lub qhov rooj tau dhau los ua ntau dua. Thiab ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog los ua ib qho teeb meem ntawm txoj kev hluav taws. Cov qhov rooj hluav taws niaj hnub no (GOST, nws cov kev cai tseem ceeb thiab cov lus pom zoo yuav tau tham hauv qab no) muaj peev xwm, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, kom ncua kev nkag mus ntawm cov nplaim taws qhib rau hauv chav, yog li muab sijhawm rau cov neeg tawm hauv lub tsev lossis, yog tias qhov no tsis yog. ua tau, tos kev pab sab nraud los ntawm kev pabcuam hluav taws. Qhov siab tshaj plaws uas lub qhov rooj hluav taws muaj peev xwm yog thaiv cov nplaim taws hauv chav kub kom txog thaum cov kev pabcuam tua hluav taws tuaj txog.
Cov cai tseem ceeb
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tswj hwm cov kev cai rau qhov rooj hluav taws yog GOST. Niaj hnub no muaj ob peb cov ntaub ntawv no, thiab lawv txhua tus piav qhia txog qee yam ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub qhov rooj.
| n/n | GOST tus lej | Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm daim ntawv |
| 1. |
R 53307-2007 (hloov 30247.2-97) |
Qhia ntau yam txuj ci los ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws kub. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau kuaj lub qhov rooj rau ib lub sij hawm uas tus qauv yuav muaj peev xwm muaj cov nplaim taws, thiab qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj yuav pib. |
| 2. | 30247.0-94 |
Qhia txog cov txheej txheem xeem thiab cov kev cai rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv qhov kub thiab txias raws li tus qauv. |
| 3. | 26602.1-99 | Qhia txog txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab qhov kev tiv thaiv kom sov ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab lwm yam kev teeb tsa hauv tsev (rhuab) rau ntau lub hom phiaj. |
| 4. | 26602.3-99 | Qhia txog txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab lub suab ntawm lub qhov rooj. Kev ntsuam xyuas yog ua nyob rau hauv lub chaw kuaj mob. |
Qhov tseem ceeb thaum xaiv qhov rooj yog cov yam ntxwv uas txiav txim siab qhov hluav taws kub. Thaum kos cov qauv hauv cov ntsiab lus, nws zoo li qhov no:
- "E" - qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb ntawm lub qhov rooj lossis qhov poob ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm tag nrho cov qauv nrog ncaj qha raug hluav taws kub tom qab lub sijhawm teem tseg. Piv txwv li, "E30" txhais tau hais tias kev puas tsuaj yuav pib tom qab 30 feeb ntawm kev hlawv.
- "Kuv" - poob ntawm cov khoom lossis kev sib txuas ntawm cov cua sov-insulatingkhoom.
- "R" - txwv kev qhia txog kev ncaj ncees ntawm nplooj nplooj. Tom qab lub sijhawm teev tseg, deformation lossis kev puas tsuaj yuav pib.
Tim lub qhov rooj hluav taws
Ua ntej koj tso tseg qhov kev xaiv ntawm ib qho kev xaiv, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua tib zoo paub koj tus kheej nrog cov hom hluav taws kub uas feem ntau muaj. GOST, SNiP lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm tswj kev faib tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj hauv peb cov lus qhia.
- Hais txog cov khoom uas lawv tau tsim, lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem yog ntoo, hlau thiab iav (qhov kawg yog qhov yooj yim heev, vim tias qhov hluav taws kub thiab qhov siv ntawm cov nplaim taws pom).
- Raws li hom kev tsim kho, qhov rooj hluav taws tuaj yeem ua ib nplooj thiab ob-nplooj.
- Raws li qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, muaj 3 hom qhov rooj - 1st, 2nd thiab 3rd.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom xws li qhov rooj hluav taws, GOST tswj cov kev cai uas txhua lub qhov rooj zoo ib yam, thiab ntxiv rau qhov no, cov cai yuav tsum tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej hais txog qhov tsis muaj hluav taws kub, nplaim taws. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tias cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tsis txhob rhuab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, ntxiv rau, melted. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov deformation los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau coj mus rau sab nraud lossis sab hauv.
Sizes
Hnub no, muaj ntau tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam tsim cov qhov rooj tua hluav taws. Dimensions GOST R53303-2009 tswj cov hauv qab notxoj kev. Feem ntau, ib qho qauv loj ntawm lub qhov rooj los ntawm ib lub chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb raug sim rau hluav taws kub. Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas tau piav qhia hauv cov txheej txheem siv tau rau cov qauv no nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev kam rau siab, uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm +10% thiab -30% hauv qhov siab thiab dav. Rounding yog ua tau mus txog 5 cm thiab nqes mus rau 10 cm.
Muab nws yooj yim, qhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob qhov rooj GOST tso cai rau tsim nrog kev sib txawv ntawm +10% txog -30% ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov rooj, uas tau sim thiab muaj daim ntawv pov thawj.
Twb yog rooj vag lossis ntau qhov rooj?
Tus qauv loj npaum li cas thiaj suav tau tias yog hluav taws kub hnyiab? Thiab lub qhov rooj loj npaum li cas lawv tham txog thaum lub qhov rooj hluav taws thiab lub rooj vag raug teeb tsa? GOST piav qhia txog ob qho qauv tsim nrog qhov ntev (kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom pov thawj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom lag luam nrog qhov loj dua lossis me dua), thiab cov qhov rooj tau lees paub los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Txij li thaum qhov ntev pib ntawm lub qhov rooj, qhov -30% kev sib txawv ntawm qhov tsim nrog qhov me me yuav txiav txim siab qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub qhov rooj mus rau lub kaus mom. Thiab kev hloov kho ntawm + 10% rau lub qhov rooj nrog qhov loj tshaj plaws yuav qhia lub sijhawm lub qhov rooj nkag mus rau hauv lub rooj vag.
Muaj peev xwm txhim kho qhov chaw
Kev teeb tsa lub qhov rooj hluav taws (GOST thiab SNiP muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiav) tsuas yog ua tau hauv qee qhov chaw. Txij li lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv no yog los tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm hluav tawsthiab cov cuab yeej, tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa yog suav tias yog thaj chaw uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kub. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, cov no yog warehouses, corridors, lub ntsiab switchboard ntawm ib tug enterprise, rhiav. Hauv chaw ua haujlwm, nws ua rau kev nkag siab zoo rau nruab cov qhov rooj uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
khoom siv
Raws li feem ntau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, lub qhov rooj hlau hluav taws kub muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluav taws kub. GOST - cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm tseem ceeb - yuav tsum siv cov qib hlau alloy rau kev tsim khoom. Non-toxic refractory compositions thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau siv los ua coatings thiab cua sov. Txaus ntseeg tau thiab muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv hluav taws yog ntoo hluav taws qhov rooj, pre-impregnated nrog tshwj xeeb tebchaw uas qeeb combustion.
Feem ntau, cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ua rau nws siv tau cov txhuas profile nrog cov khoom siv thermal cia, laminated refractory iav rau kev tsim cov qhov rooj. Raws li txoj cai, load-bearing lug ua los ntawm txhuas profiles yog muab nrog zoo fittings.
Cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov qhov rooj
Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, raws li txoj cai, ib qib zuj zus zoo li qhov no:
- cov khoom siv los ntawm cov qauv qhov rooj yuav tom qab raug sim;
- lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tsim nyob rau hauv nruj raws li GOST;
- qhov rooj hluav taws GOST 30247.0-94 pom zooraug rau txhua yam kev xeem.
Txhua lub hauv paus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Rau kev tsim ntawm lub qhov rooj ncej, steel bent profile yog siv. Raws li cov txheej txheem kev cai, lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov chaw pib yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Lub qhov rooj tuav yog ua los ntawm hlau thiab coated nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb polymer muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yuav cia koj qhib txawm lub qhov rooj uas muaj sij hawm los sov so. Lub cev ntawm lub xauv yuav tsum yog hluav taws kub. Cov hlau zoo yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm nws cov khoom.
Tswj tshwj xeeb tau tsim thiab siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov qhov rooj hlau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub, cov ntaub ntawv thermal nthuav tawm los ntawm cov pa taws kub, cov roj hmab foob los ntawm cov pa taws txias yog siv.
Kuv puas xav tau daim ntawv tso cai los txhim kho qhov rooj?
Ua ntej muab qhov nyiam rau ib lossis lwm lub tuam txhab rau kev teeb tsa lub qhov rooj hluav taws, koj yuav tsum paub seb puas yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai rau cov haujlwm no. Txij li cov haujlwm zoo li no yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv lawv txoj haujlwm thiab nrog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, daim ntawv tso cai yog, ntawm chav kawm, xav tau. Txog thaum tus neeg tau txais kev pom zoo tag nrho cov ntawv tso cai, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg siab rau tus neeg cog lus. Kev pabcuam hluav taws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yog cov qauv no (lub tuam tsev tua hluav taws) uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas seb qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa lub qhov rooj hluav taws puas tau ua tiav zoo, txawm tias tag nrho cov kev cai thiab cov qauv uas tau piav qhia hauv GOSTs thiab SNiP tau ua tiav.
Txhua qhov kev xav tau, dhau los, tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob ntu: cov uas tau teev tseg los ntawm cov ntawv teev lus thiabcov uas tau muab los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom rau tus neeg cog lus.
Yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm (GOST, SNiP)
Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv tswj hwm kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov rooj hluav taws. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov rooj hlau zoo tib yam nrog qee qhov nuances thiab nta, xws li cov ntaub ntawv tau tsim, thiab qhov no yog GOST. Kev txhim kho cov qhov rooj hluav taws yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev tsim kho anchors nrog txoj kab uas hla yam tsawg 10 hli. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov fasteners uas nyob ib sab yog tsawg kawg yog 700 mm. Lub qhov rooj qauv nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau nruab nrog ib theem thiab ib tug kav dej. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub thawv los ntawm cov axes raug tso cai tsis pub ntau tshaj 1.5 hli rau 1 meter ntawm qhov ntev. Chav tsev qhov rooj yuav tsum tau nruab rau hauv qhov npaj qhib symmetrically nrog rau txoj kab ntsug ntawm qhov qhib. Kev tsim kho qhov khoob thiab seams yuav tsum tau ntim nrog mounting ua npuas ncauj.
Cov neeg siv khoom xav tau rau tus neeg cog lus
Ua ntej, qhov no yog pob khoom tsim nyog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no suav nrog:
- daim ntawv muab txoj cai los ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa lub qhov rooj hluav taws (daim ntawv tso cai);
- daim ntawv pov thawj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws;
- passport ntawm qhov rooj.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo los ze zog, nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub qhov rooj yuav tsum kaw nws tus kheej. Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov tshwj xeeb uas tsis yog-combustible fire-sighting foam yog siv rau kev teeb tsa. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los ua qhov no, vim nws muaj xim liab. Ua npuas ncauj ntawm lwm yam xim yuav tsum tau hloov. Nkag mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum yog qhov chaw uas lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab nwstsim tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qhov rooj hlau hluav taws (GOST tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no) yuav tsum haum snugly tiv thaiv lub thawv. Ib qho kev cuam tshuam pom pom rau kev txheeb xyuas pom yog ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev txhim kho lub qhov rooj. Lub sealing roj hmab yuav tsum tau me ntsis compressed. Cov xim yuav tsum zoo ib yam, cov thermal expansion daim kab xev yuav tsum tau glued zoo, thiab lub qhov rooj yuav tsum tau kaw los ntawm lub qhov rooj los ze zog, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Yog tias tus neeg siv khoom txaus siab rau txhua yam, ces kos npe rau qhov rooj teeb tsa.
Kev saib xyuas lub qhov rooj hluav taws tsis txawv ntawm kev pabcuam cov qauv tsim, nws tsis raug tswj los ntawm GOST. Ntoo qhov rooj hluav taws, ib yam li lub qhov rooj hlau, yuav tsum tau siv rau kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm. Cov qauv uas tau ua tiav lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws yuav raug hloov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub qhov rooj yog dismantled thiab lwm yog ntsia.
