Cib yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev nto moo tshaj plaws. Nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb uas ua rau nws indispensable. Cib tiv taus nag lossis daus, tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau lub voj voog khov, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog qhov ntom ntom. Nws txiav txim siab nws cov yam ntxwv xws li thermal conductivity, huab hwm coj thiab lub zog.
Ceramic cib
Cov khoom siv liab paub zoo, txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no tau nthuav dav ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Qhov ntom ntawm ceramic cib muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, vim nws yog tsim rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Xws li ib lub cib yog tsim los ntawm cov av nplaum, uas yog raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb. Nws muab faib ua corpulent thiab hollow. Hauv thawj kis, qhov ceev ntawm ceramic cib ncav cuag 2000 kg / m 3. Qhov no qhia nws qhov porosity tsawg thiab siab zog. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom cib yog siv rau kev tsim kho cov phab ntsa thiab cov qauv, kab, thiab lwm yam.
Hollow cib tsis ntom. Qhov ntsuas no hloov pauv ntawm 1100-1400 kg/m 3. Nws yog undesirable siv nws rau kev tsim kho ntawm load-bearing lug. Hollow cib yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub teeb yuag phab ntsa thiab rau sau cov ncej. Vim nws hollowness, nws muaj cua sov zoo heev thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo.
Silicate cib
Ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm txiv qaub thiab xuab zeb. Cov khoom no yog pheej yig, tuaj yeem pleev xim rau hauv ntau yam xim, tab sis nws hloov tawm kom tsis yooj yim (piv rau ceramic), hnyav thiab yooj yim kis tau txias thiab kub. Vim tias cov khoom zoo li no, kev siv cov cib tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm sab hauv partitions. Kev siv cov khoom siv no los tsim cov phab ntsa load-bearing yog qhov tsis tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub cub tawg, vim hais tias thaum rhuab, nws deforms.
Qhov ceev ntawm lub cev tag nrho silicate cib yog 1800-1950 kg / m 3, thiab nrog voids nws yog 1100-1600 kg / m 3.
Clinker bricks
Ua los ntawm cov av nplaum qhuav uas raug rho tawm ntawm qhov kub siab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom siv tau zoo heev, hnav-resistant. Cov khoom no tsis ntshai ntawm dampness thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj zog load: thaum paving txoj kev, lub tsev hauv qab daus. Nws kuj qhia nws tus kheej zoo thaum ntsib tsev.
Density ntawm cov khoom clinker cib ncav cuag 1900-2100 kg / m 3, lub zog - М1000. Qhov porosity tsis tshaj 5%, vim tias cov khoom siv me ntsis cuam tshuam los ntawm noo noo. Cov khoom tsim los rau 100 lub voj voog khov-thaw. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim cov cib no kim dua li cov ceramics. Vim lub siabQhov ntom ntom, cov khoom hnyav thiab muaj qib siab ntawm thermal conductivity.
Firebrick
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog tsim los rau qhov kub thiab txias, nws tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov mus txog +1600 degrees. Yog li ntawd, fireclay bricks tuaj yeem hu tsis yog tsuas yog fireproof, tab sis refractory. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cub, qhov cub thiab lwm yam khoom uas yuav raug rau qhov kub thiab txias. Txij li cov khoom siv feem ntau siv los kho cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, nws yog tsim tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv duab plaub, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv arched, trapezoidal thiab wedge-puab. Cib ntom ntom ntawm 1700 txog 1900 kg / cm 3.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom peb tab tom txiav txim siab tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj los ntawm lub hom phiaj. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus yam ntxwv yuav raug txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov kev thov. Nrog rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw yuav nyob ntawm qhov no.
Nkauj cib
Siv rau masonry sab nraum lub tsev. Kev thov siab yog muab tso rau ntawm nws qhov tsos. Cib yuav tsum yog tus, du thiab glossy. Nws tus kheej yog hollow, vim nws ua 2 lub luag haujlwm. Cov txheej txheej ntawm cib yog ob qho tib si zoo nkauj thiab insulating. Rau sab nrauv masonry, cov khoom siv ntawm ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo yog siv. Ntau yam xim tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv ntau yam kev tua hluav taws, qhov kub thiab txias thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av nplaum.
Qhov ntom ntawm cov cib sib txawv ntawm 1300 txog 1450 kg / cm 3, thiab qhov porositytuaj yeem ncav cuag 14%. Qhov no yog txaus los muab cov qib siab ntawm lub zog, tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev zog. Cov kev cai rau Frost tsis kam ntawm cov khoom yog siab, vim nws yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog rau sab nraud ib puag ncig.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Siv rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv, lub tsev phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam. Sib cais lub zog muaj zog cib, uas yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv thauj khoom. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, xws li qhov taw qhia raws li qhov ceev ntawm ib lub cib txawv ntawm 1100 txog 2000 kg / cm3, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov. Yog li, lub hollow cib yuav raug siv los sau cov thav duab thiab / lossis sab hauv partitions, vim nws yuav tsis thauj lub hauv paus. Rau cov phab ntsa sab nraud lossis cov kabmob load, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov khoom muaj zog. Lub cib ntom ntom hauv qhov no yuav tshaj 2000 kg / cm3.
