Nyob tsis ntev los no, chav tsev ob-zaj dab neeg tau suav tias yog khoom kim heev uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Tab sis niaj hnub no, yuav luag txhua tus muaj peev xwm them taus xws li vaj tse. Thiab qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom niaj hnub no. Lawv tsim tsev nrog duplex chav tsev ntawm ntau chav kawm. Ntawm lawv yog cov chav tsev khoom kim heev li ntawm 80 txog 100 square metres, thiab cov tsev me me rau cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Chav tsev nyob ntawm ob theem muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm ib txwm muaj. Lawv feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev faib cov cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw. Tus tswv ntawm chav tsev no tau ntsib qhov kev xav ntawm nws tus kheej lub tsev, nyob ncaj qha rau hauv nroog loj.
Pros of two-level vaj
Apartments nrog chav nyob rau hauv cov plag tsev sib txawv yeej ib txwm nrov. Kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv xws li vaj tse tsis tau ploj mus los ntawm cov txiv neej niaj hnub. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias ib chav tsev nyob rau ntau theem yog ib qho kev pom zoo ntawm cov saj zoo ntawm nws tus tswv. Qab ntawm qhov chawvaj tse yog suav hais tias muaj koob meej heev. Ntxiv mus, ib qho kev xav zoo sib xws tseem muaj kev hwm rau cov kev xaiv me me.
Ib qho ntxiv ntawm kev muaj ob chav nyob hauv chav tsev yog qhov sib cais ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv. Qhov teeb meem no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tsev neeg loj. Hauv qhov no, nws tuaj yeem faib lub tsev rau hauv ob thaj chaw. Qhov thib ib yog pej xeem thiab qhov thib ob yog ntiag tug. Raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv pem teb, cov tswv tso ib qho chaw nkag thiab chav nyob uas cov qhua tuaj yeem hla. Hauv pem teb thib ob tseem nyob ntawm kev pov tseg ntawm tsev neeg nkaus xwb.
Lwm qhov zoo dua ntawm cov chav tsev duplex yog qhov qhib ntau qhov chaw. Qhov no txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov neeg tsim khoom tau muab cov vaj tsev me me, nyob ntawm ob lub tsev, nrog cov qauv qab nthab.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm ob chav tsev nyob hauv qhov muaj peev xwm siv ntau yam hauv sab hauv ib zaug. Qhov kev sib txuas hauv qhov no yog ib lub staircase, uas koj tuaj yeem txav los ntawm ib qho chaw ntawm lub tsev mus rau lwm qhov. Nws yog nws leej twg yog lub ntsiab ntawm décor nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ib tug nthuav kev daws teeb meem.
Cons ntawm ob theem tsev
Qhov kev teeb tsa zoo li no tsis yog yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Thiab lawv tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv tib lub staircase. Tom qab tag nrho, raws li koj paub, txhua yam uas yog qhov zoo rau qee tus neeg tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis zoo rau lwm tus. Yog li, lub staircase, uas yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj tiag tiag ntawm chav tsev ob theem, tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Tau kawg, ntawm no ib tus tuaj yeem tham txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cevloads. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv yuav tso cai rau lawv nce thiab nqis ntau tshaj li kaum lub sij hawm nruab hnub los ntawm ib pem teb mus rau lwm qhov. Tias yog vim li cas cov tswv ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov chav kom txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg xis nyob thiab xis nyob. Lwm txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej no yog tsim lub elevator hauv chav tsev.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Lub ntsiab thiab feem ntau yam ntxwv ntawm sab hauv ntawm ob chav tsev yog, raws li tau hais los saum toj no, lub staircase. Nws tus tsim yuav yeej nyiam cov xim ntawm txhua tus, tsis hais nws qhov chaw nyob - nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav tsev los yog tiv thaiv phab ntsa. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, cov tswv ntawm ob theem tsev yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev siv cov ntaiv hauv chav tsev yuav tsum yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab cov khoom no nws tus kheej yuav tsum nyob hauv cov organically nyob rau sab hauv.
Kev txiav txim siab hom kev tsim kho
Thaum xaiv tus qauv tsim ntawm staircase hauv chav tsev, cov tswv yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tshwj xeeb thiab nta ntawm nws ntau hom. Nws yuav tsim nyog los daws qhov teeb meem no nrog txhua lub luag haujlwm, vim tias cov qauv no yuav tsum ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo.
Stairs nyob rau sab hauv ntawm chav tsev yuav tsum ua haujlwm thiab muaj kev zoo nkauj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom sib haum xeeb rau hauv chav tsev sab hauv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau txhua txoj hauv kev.
Thaum xav txog kev xaiv rau cov ntaiv hauv chav tsev, cov tswv tsev raug qhia kom xav txog cov hauv qab no:
- qhov chawdesigns;
- teem caij ntawm ntaiv (pabcuam lossis lub ntsiab);
- tag nrho hauv pem teb;
- ntau qhov chaw faib rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv;
- qhov chaw ntawm kab, niches, ledges, qhov rais, phab ntsa thiab lwm yam architectural ntsiab;
- style uas sab hauv yog ua;
- theem tsim nyog ntawm kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Cov tsev neeg nrog cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau qhov kawg, vim qee hom ntaiv hauv chav tsev yuav ua rau lawv tsis xis nyob heev. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, cov qauv tsis muaj laj kab, nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination, nrog cov kauj ruam nqaim thiab lwm yam nta. Cov tswv uas qhov teeb meem ntawm kev nyab xeeb yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov chaw yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim cov ntaiv xws li.
hom qauv tseem ceeb
Cov ntaiv hauv chav tsev yog dab tsi? Ntawm cov kev xaiv feem ntau yog cov hauv qab no:
- ncig lub peb hlis ntuj;
- tig nrog winder kauj ruam lossis platforms;
- screw.
Tib lub sijhawm, txhua yam ntawm cov ntaiv no hauv chav tsev tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab lawv cov kev sib txuas. Cov no suav nrog ntoo thiab hlau, pob zeb, pob zeb lossis yas.
Production
Hnub no, cov tswv tsev ntawm ob-zaj tsev muaj peev xwm yuav ib lub staircase hauv ib chav tsev nyob rau pem teb ob. Ntau yam kev xaiv rau xws li tsim yog muaj los ntawm ntau manufacturers. Kev txiav txim rau tus kheej kuj tau txais rau cov qauv zoo sib xws. Cov khoom tiav yog sib dhos los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Tseem muaj cov qauv tsim ntawm kev muag khoom, uassib dhos ntawm qhov chaw thiab ntsia ntawm koj tus kheej.
Koj tuaj yeem ua cov staircase zoo nkauj hauv chav tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias rau kev tsim kom raug ntawm lub project, kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov qauv, nrog rau nws cov high-quality installation, nws yog tsim nyog los paub koj tus kheej ua ntej nrog cov kev cai yooj yim uas siv rau xws li cov qauv.
Master stairs
Cov qauv no suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab xis nyob. Lawv lub ntsiab feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm inclined ncaj seem nrog lub peb hlis ntuj (cov kauj ruam). Ib yam li lwm yam qauv zoo sib xws, cov ntaiv uas nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub mechanics ntawm kev txav thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Kev txav tau yooj yim thiab nyab xeeb ntawm tib neeg ntawm lawv yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov qauv ntawm SNiP. Lawv qhia lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov ntaiv rau lub tsev, qhov siab thiab lub zog ntawm lub laj kab, nrog rau lwm yam.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv nruab nrab lub dav hlau yog qhov ua tau ntawm lawv cov kev tsim kho los ntawm ib tus kheej tes. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias raws li cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm, tsis pub ntau tshaj 18 cov kauj ruam yuav tsum nyob hauv ib lub Peb Hlis. Ntau ntawm lawv yuav ua rau nce siab heev. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, yog nruab 10-12 kauj ruam ntawm ib lub Peb Hlis.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaiv no muaj qhov tsis zoo. Lawv txhawj xeeb, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv bulkiness thiab loj heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim cov ntaiv mus rau hauv pem teb thib ob hauv lub Peb Hlis-hom chav tsev yuav xav tau kev faib ntawm thaj chaw loj rau nws. Raws nraimyog li ntawd, cov qauv zoo li no tsis tau muab tso rau hauv cov kev xaiv vaj tsev uas muaj qhov chaw txwv. Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm nruab nrab lub dav hlau ntaiv yog tshwm sim nrog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov plag tsev. Nrog lub qab nthab siab, qhov tsim zoo li no yuav luag tag nrho phab ntsa.
Tig stairs
Cov qauv no yog dab tsi?
Lub staircase tuaj yeem hu ua tig ib qho yog tias nws txoj kev taug kev nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse. Raws li tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas no, xws li kev tsim kho yog:
- quarter-tig (ntawm 90 degree kaum);
- ib nrab tig (180 degree kaum sab xis).
Hauv tsev ntaiv, raws li txoj cai, muaj ob lossis peb lub davhlau ncaj nraim. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas thaj tsam ntawm chav tsev tsis txaus kom haum rau ib qho loj, nws yuav tsum muab faib ua ob. Cov kev taug kev no yuav tsum tau sib cais los ntawm ib leeg los ntawm lub platform. Nws ntev yog teem nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau cov kauj ruam ntawm ib tug neeg laus. Qhov dav ntawm lub platform ib txwm sib haum mus rau qhov dav ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj. Thaum tsim lub turntable, koj yuav tsum xam nws qhov ntev, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov yuav txav ntawm cov khoom loj.
Lawv muaj cov qauv ua teb feem ntau nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm chav tsev. Xws li kev tso kawm yuav tsis tsuas yog txuag square meters. Nws yuav tso cai rau koj siv qhov chaw uas nyob hauv qab ntaiv. Raws li qhov kev thov ntawm cov tswv, lawv tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw no yog lub pantry rau tsev neeg cov kev xav tau, lossis npaj ib qho chaw ua si nrog lub rooj zaum thiab rooj zaum.
Yuav ua kom tus ntaiv mus rau pem teb thib ob nrog tig, cov tswv tsev tuaj yeem ua nws tus kheej.
Siv winders
Thaum npaj ib lub staircase tig, lub platform nruab nrab ntawm nws cov davhlau tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib qho. Lawv raug hloov mus rau cov kauj ruam hla teb chaws. Lawv yog cov ntsiab lus uas lawv sab hauv yog nqaim dua li sab nrauv. GOST thiab SNiP yuam lawv tus kheej cov cai ntawm cov kauj ruam no. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm no, qhov tob ntawm sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm lub tread yuav tsum yog nyob rau theem ntawm 40 thiab 10 cm, feem. Qhov loj me me yuav ua rau cov winders nqaim kom lawv tsis pub ib tug neeg tso lawv ko taw rau lawv.
Cov tswv ntawm ob chav tsev yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov qauv zoo li no, tsim kom txav mus los ntawm cov plag tsev, yuav tsis yooj yim rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev txav mus los. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv sab hauv, ib tug staircase nrog winder kauj ruam zoo li elegant.
kab laug tsim
Qhov kev xaiv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav rau cov tswv ntawm ob theem tsev yuav yog ib lub staircase hauv chav tsev. Qhov no yog ib tug qauv, cov kauj ruam uas nyob ib ncig ntawm lub txhawb kem nyob rau hauv ib tug ascending kauv. Thaum xaiv hom ntaiv no, cov tswv ntawm chav tsev yuav txuag tau lawv qhov chaw nyob kom ntau li ntau tau. Qee qhov kev hloov kho ntawm cov qauv no tsuas yog nyob ntawm ob square meters xwb. Ntxiv mus, ib tug kauv staircase tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv chav. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, lawv nqa nws mus rau lub ces kaum.
Lub kauv staircase hom yog raucov tsev apartment yog ib qho kev xaiv ntau yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo tias ua ntej txhim kho nws, kawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv zoo li no thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.
Ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov ntaiv, muaj qhov dav me me ntawm qhov qhib sab hauv. Qhov nruab nrab, lub vojvoog ntawm cov qauv yog nyob rau hauv 100 cm. Qhov tsis yooj yim hauv kev ua haujlwm kuj yog los ntawm cov kauj ruam uas muaj cov duab asymmetric nrog nqaim (10 cm) thiab dav (40 cm) ntug. Tus neeg twg uas tau xaiv cia li xws li ib tug variant ntawm tus ntaiv rau nws tus kheej yuav reconstruct nws me ntsis. Txhawm rau nce qhov chaw siv tau ntawm cov kauj ruam, nws raug nquahu kom tshem tawm cov riser. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv 2-3 cm ntawm overhanging ledge rau lub dav hlau kab rov tav.
Kho cov kauj ruam
Stairs rau ib chav tsev ob-theem tuaj yeem mounted siv txoj kev sib txawv ntawm kev txuas lub ntsiab rau kev nqa. Cov kauj ruam tuaj yeem kho tau:
- Nyob stringers. Xws li cov khoom thauj-cov kabmob ua haujlwm pab txhawb rau tag nrho cov qauv. Thaum mounting cov kauj ruam, helical, tawg los yog ncaj stringers siv tau. Hom kev txuas no muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab nyab xeeb heev.
- Nyob ib txoj hlua. Cov khoom txhawb nqa no tsis nyob hauv qab ntaiv, zoo li kosour, tab sis raws nws cov qauv. Cov kauj ruam yog txuas nrog rau sab kawg rau lub bowstring, uas tuaj yeem ua pob zeb, hlau lossis ntoo.
- Nyob rau ntawm Bolts. Thaum siv txoj kev no, cov kauj ruam yog txuas rau phab ntsa siv cov bolts tshwj xeeb kos los yog ntsia hlau rau hauv nws. Cov fasteners no ua rau installation ceev thiab kuj yooj yim, thaum txuag raukhoom siv. Staircase nrog fastening no zoo li elegant thiab zoo li lub teeb heev.
khoom ntoo
Raws li tus qauv tsim ntawm chav tsev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv los ntawm cov qauv tsim. Ib qho classic style yog ntoo staircase. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv nyiam rau nruab cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no nyob rau hauv lub tsev, uas muab lub sab hauv nobility thiab hwm. Qhov zoo ntawm ntoo yog nws ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab tus nqi pheej yig.
Cov qauv zoo li no tsis yooj yim rau koj tus kheej. Thiab qhov no yog qhov kev sib cav tseem ceeb thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau cov tswv uas nyiam tsim cov ntsiab lus sab hauv nrog lawv tus kheej tes.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv ntoo yog lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj thiab hnav. Xws li ib lub staircase yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev kho, pleev xim, nrog rau daim ntawv thov ntawm hluav taws kub thiab antiparasitic impregnations.
Hlau qauv
Cov khoom no yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm tag nrho cov qauv staircase thiab tus kheej cov ntsiab lus. Cov qauv zoo li no muaj ntau yam zoo. Lawv yog cov ruaj, hnav-resistant thiab muaj zog.
Siv lwm yam ntaub ntawv
nce ntxiv, iav yog siv los ua cov ntaiv rau ob chav tsev lossis nws cov ntsiab lus. Nws yuav tsum tau muab ntau txheej los yog hardened. Vim nws cov pob tshab, cov khoom siv no ua rau kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj thiab lub teeb.
PVC thiab yas tsim kuj nrov. Lawv yog lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav, tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab txaus nyiam nyob rau hauv tsos. Tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaiv no hnav-tiv taus thiab ruaj khov.
