Kev faib tawm ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev faib tawm ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa
Kev faib tawm ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa

Video: Kev faib tawm ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa

Video: Kev faib tawm ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Thaum tsim cov tsev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud ntawm nws qhov tsim. Kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias kev tsis saib xyuas qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau tawg, deformations thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev. Kab lus no yuav txiav txim siab txog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm lub tsev.

load faib
load faib

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Txhua qhov cuam tshuam rau tus qauv, tsis hais lawv qhov kev faib tawm, muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: tus qauv thiab tsim qauv. Loads uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav ntawm tus qauv nws tus kheej yog hu ua tas li, vim lawv tsis tu ncua cuam tshuam rau lub tsev. Ib ntus yog qhov cuam tshuam rau cov qauv ntawm cov xwm txheej ntuj (cua, daus, nag, thiab lwm yam), qhov hnyav faib rau hauv cov plag tsev ntawm lub tsev los ntawm kev tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov neeg coob coob, thiab lwm yam, uas yog, cov khoom thauj ib ntus yog loads. tus qauv, uas thaum lub sij hawm uas -ib ntus yuav hloov tau lawv tus nqi.

Kev tswj hwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj khoom mus tas li los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauvxam raws li kev ntsuas tsim thiab cov yam ntxwv siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv. Tus nqi tsim yog txiav txim siab siv cov qauv thauj khoom nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ua tau. Kev sib txawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov qauv lossis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev npaj thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

structural load classification
structural load classification

Load classification

txhawm rau xam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tus qauv, nws yuav tsum paub txog nws qhov xwm txheej. Cov hom kev thauj khoom yog txiav txim siab raws li ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb - lub sijhawm ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm cov qauv. Load faib suav nrog:

  • permanent;
  • ib ntus:

    • long;
    • short-term.
  • special.

Txhua yam khoom uas suav nrog kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom tsim nyog yuav tsum txiav txim siab nyias.

Ntaus tas mus li

Raws li tau hais dhau los, kev thauj khoom mus tas li suav nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv uas tau ua tsis tu ncua thoob plaws lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev. Raws li txoj cai, lawv suav nrog qhov hnyav ntawm tus qauv nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, rau lub hauv paus hom kab xev, qhov load tas li yuav yog qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho nws cov ntsiab lus, thiab rau hauv pem teb truss, qhov hnyav ntawm nws chords, racks, braces thiab tag nrho cov khoom sib txuas.

Nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias rau cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, cov khoom ruaj khov tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua 50% ntawm cov nqi suav, thiab rau cov khoom ntoo thiab hlau cov nqi no feem ntau yogtsis tshaj 10%.

kev faib cov loads thiab kev txhawb nqa
kev faib cov loads thiab kev txhawb nqa

Live loads

Kev thauj khoom ib ntus yog ob hom: lub sijhawm ntev thiab luv luv. Lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom suav nrog:

  • hnyav ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov cuab yeej (tshuab, khoom siv, conveyors, thiab lwm yam);
  • load tshwm sim los ntawm erection ntawm ib ntus partitions;
  • hnyav ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus nyob hauv warehouses, attics, compartments, archives ntawm lub tsev;
  • siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kav dej tau sau tseg thiab nyob hauv lub tsev; thermal teebmeem ntawm tus qauv;
  • ntsug loads los ntawm overhead thiab overhead cranes; qhov hnyav ntawm ntuj nag lossis daus (dawb), thiab lwm yam.

Lub sijhawm luv luv suav nrog:

  • hnyav ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv thaum lub sijhawm kho thiab tu lub tsev;
  • loads los ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj nyob hauv pem teb hauv thaj chaw nyob;
  • hnyav ntawm lub tsheb fais fab, forklifts hauv cov tsev khaws khoom thiab thaj chaw;
  • natural loads on the structure (cua, nag, daus, dej khov).

Special loads

Tshwj xeeb thauj khoom yog luv luv. Kev thauj khoom tshwj xeeb raug xa mus rau ib qho kev faib khoom cais, txij li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim yog negligible. Tab sis tseem lawv yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum txhim kho lub tsev tsim. Cov no suav nrog:

  • load rau lub tsev vim muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim thiab xwm txheej ceev;
  • load los ntawm cov khoom tawg lossis ua haujlwm tsis zoo;
  • load rauqauv tshwm sim los ntawm deformation ntawm cov av los yog lub hauv paus ntawm tus qauv.
beam systems load classification
beam systems load classification

Kev faib tawm ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa

Kev them nyiaj yug yog lub hauv paus txheej txheem uas siv rau sab nraud quab yuam. Muaj peb hom kev txhawb nqa hauv cov kab hluav taws xob:

  1. Hinged tsau kev them nyiaj yug. Txhim kho qhov kawg ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob, uas nws tuaj yeem tig, tab sis txav tsis tau.
  2. Txoj kev txhawb nqa txav tau. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv uas qhov kawg ntawm lub nqaj tuaj yeem tig thiab txav mus rau kab rov tav, tab sis lub nqaj tseem nyob ruaj khov.
  3. Txoj kev txiav tawm. Qhov no yog txoj hlua khi ruaj khov, uas nws tsis tuaj yeem tig los yog txav mus.

Raws li qhov kev thauj khoom faib li cas ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob, cov kev faib khoom suav nrog cov khoom hnyav thiab cov khoom xa tawm. Yog hais tias qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob poob ntawm ib qho chaw lossis ntawm thaj chaw me me ntawm kev txhawb nqa, ces nws yog hu ua concentrated. Kev faib khoom ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa sib npaug, thoob plaws nws thaj chaw.

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