Kev txhim kho hauv pem teb hauv ib lub tsev yog lub luag haujlwm. Lub neej ntawm lub tsev, kev nplij siab ntawm tib neeg nyob ntawm qhov no. Cov kev xav tau siab tshwj xeeb yog muab tso rau pem hauv ntej thaum npaj hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej. Yuav ua li cas rau mount xws li lub hauv paus? Xav paub ntau ntxiv tom qab.
Txoj kev ntawm lub hauv paus
Tau txais hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej yog txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Yuav kom lub hauv paus ua tau raws li tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm cov qauv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xav txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov creation. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav ua tau rau hauv pem teb nrog koj tus kheej tes.
Hauv pem teb hauv chav chav dej, hauv chav so thiab hauv chav ntxhua khaub ncaws yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev txav ntawm tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, qhov saum npoo yog ua corrugated. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog deb ntawm qhov kev xav tau xwb.
Hauv pem teb yuav tsum muaj qhov hluav taws xob tso dej rau hauv lub kav dej. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom ntws cov kua, zam nws stagnation thiab lwj ntawm cov khoom tiav. Muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv rau kev tso dej. Qhov kev xaiv nyob ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub complex. Qee qhov xwm txheej, tsim ib qhov project zoo suav nrog yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog tias chav da dej me me, hauv pem teb tuaj yeem tsim nrog koj tus kheej tes raws li tus qauvlus qhia.
Lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm qee yam khoom siv. Qhov no yuav ua kom sov. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev chav, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tsis txhob cia txias. Cov pem teb sov so hauv chav da dej tsim tsis tsuas yog kev nplij siab, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb. Stepping ntawm qhov chaw txias tom qab sov lub cev yog tsis tso cai, txwv tsis pub nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus rau "kub stroke".
Ntxiv rau kev siv cov flooring tsim nyog, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov ua ntu zus ntawm kev tsim kho. Koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa hauv pem teb. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav xis nyob, ruaj khov.
Ntau yam kev pab
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom tiav hauv pem teb hauv chav chav. Hauv av nyob txias ntawm no. Yog li ntawd, pob zeb, cib lossis ntoo tuaj yeem siv rau nws txoj kev npaj. Kev xaiv nyob ntawm tus kheej nyiam ntawm tus tswv da dej.
Cib puag yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Cov khoom no muaj peev xwm khaws cov cua sov. Yog li ntawd, hauv pem teb yuav kub. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab. Yog li ntawd, hauv pem teb yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm cib nyob rau hauv chav tsev chav, qhov twg huab cua qhuav thiab kub yog siab.
Cov pob zeb hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej yog zaum ntau dua. Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm xws li txheej txheej mus txog 50 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaiv no xav tau cov nqi nyiaj txiag loj. Lub hauv paus yog txias, yog li rau nws txoj kev npaj koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov pem teb no tuaj yeem muaj ntau tshaj li ib hlis.
Qhov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej yog sivntoo. Nws yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, zoo nkauj thiab sov cov khoom. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau nruab. Nws tsis siv ntau qhov kev siv zog, sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag los npaj. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv ntoo yog lawv cov fragility. Tom qab 5-7 xyoo, lub txheej yuav tsum tau hloov. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav hauv pem teb hauv chav chav.
Ntau hom ntoo hauv pem teb
Lub hauv paus ntoo hauv chav da dej yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob lub versions: to thiab non-leading type base. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog pheej yig dua. Qhov no yog ib tug flooring ntawm boards, ntawm uas muaj ib tug me me nrug. Los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb no, dej nkag mus rau hauv av thiab raug tshem tawm los ntawm chav chav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau muab lub qhov hluav taws xob kav dej. Qhov no yog ib qho qauv yooj yim heev.
Lub qhov dej ntws tau tsim hauv av hauv qhov dej ntws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tseem tsis tuaj yeem mount ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm no. Boards tsis nailed rau joists. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab coj tawm mus rau hauv txoj kev tom qab txhua qhov siv da dej. Ua li ntawd lawv tuaj yeem qhuav. Txwv tsis pub, cov kab mob yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov laug cam, uas ua rau lawv puas tsuaj.
Hom kev teeb tsa no tsim nyog rau thaj tsam yav qab teb. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm da dej tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm sov. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, chav chav chav yuav txias heev. Lub pem teb txias, uas, rau tag nrho nws txoj kev yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj tsim los ntawm cov tswv ntawm da dej.
Cov cuab yeej hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov laug cam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qauv uas tsis yog-kho. Qhov no yog ib tug complex system rau nruab. Hom txheej no muaj lub qhov hluav taws xob rau cov kav dej los yog lub thawv tshwj xeeb hauv qab hauv pem teb. Los ntawm nws, dej yuav tawm ntawm chav tsev. Xws licov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem raug insulated, yog li nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam qaum teb thiab hauv da dej uas ua haujlwm txhua xyoo puag ncig.
khoom siv hauv pem teb
Hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej yog nruab nrog cov ntoo tshwj xeeb. Tsis yog txhua qhov ntau yam yog haum rau qhov no. Koj yuav tsum khaws cov edged los yog planed boards. Lawv nto yuav tsum zoo polished. Lub thickness ntawm xws li boards yog los ntawm 3 cm (nyiam dua 5 cm). Lawv yuav tsum yog ib txwm humidity. Rau ib lub cav, lawv tau txais cov khoom nrog qhov ntev ntawm 10 x 10 lossis 10 x 15 cm. Lawv siv cov ntoo zoo.
Larch boards yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim hauv pem teb. Qhov no yog ib hom ntoo uas ruaj khov, tsis nqus dej. Nws tsis yog yuav lwj. Larch yog ruaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv no yog qhov siab heev. Nrhiav kev muag khoom nyuaj.
Ntau tus tswv da dej nyiam tsim cov plag tsev los ntawm cov laug cam ntawm ntau hom. Aspen yog zoo meej rau cov laj thawj no. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov ntoo ua tiav spruce. Pine tsis yog siv rau chav chav dej, vim nws tso cov resins. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav khoom los ntawm linden lossis poplar.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua flooring hauv cov ntoo qhib. Cov khoom no yuav nplua thaum ntub. Nws yuav tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb los ua lub tsev da dej hauv qhov no.
Kev npaj ntawm lub hauv pem teb
Txhawm rau tsim cov plag tsev ntawm cov pa xau, koj yuav tsum ua kom lub kaw lus lag. Lawv feem ntau muab tso rau hauv av. Yog hais tias nws yog clayey, nws yuav tsum tau tsim ib lub thawv tshwj xeeb rau sau cov dej khib nyiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntws rau hauv pem teb hauv da dej tsis yogyuav xav tau. Cov dej yuav nkag mus rau ntawm daim phiaj.
Lub nqaj rau lub lag luam yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov av yuav tsum tau zoo leveled thiab compacted. Tom qab ib txheej ntawm gravel yog poured. Nws tseem yog rammed. Yog tias yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub tank, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua ib txoj kab nqes rau cov dej hauv nws txoj kev. Tom qab ntawd, cib kab yog ntsia. Cov no yuav yog kev txhawb nqa rau kev lag luam.
YYuav ua li no, khawb qhov tob txog 70 cm, lawv yuav tsum dav dua 2 cib. Xuab zeb thiab gravel yog nchuav. Ib txheej ntawm waterproofing yog pw. Ib txheej ntawm cov cement yog nchuav rau saum. Cov cib muab tso rau ntawm nws. Lub kem yog lined. Thaum nws yog qhov siab txaus, nws yog dua qhwv nrog waterproofing. Cov log yog muab tso rau ntawm cov ncej ntawm qhov deb ntawm 50 cm. Hauv qab lawv yuav tsum muaj lub hauv ncoo ua los ntawm cov khoom vov tsev.
Xav yuav ua li cas rau hauv pem teb nyob rau hauv da dej, yuav tsum tau hais tias cov boards tsis nailed rau lub cav. Nws yuav tsum muaj qhov deb li ntawm 3 mm ntawm lawv. Lawv kuj kov tsis tau phab ntsa. Lags tau ua siab tshaj cov kab saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub hauv paus.
Txhob cia rau hauv pem teb tsis tawm
Tsim kom muaj qhov tsis muaj cua sov hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej yog txheej txheem nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sauna tuaj yeem siv txhua xyoo puag ncig. Leej twg tuaj yeem nruab. Ua li no, siv cov lus qhia.
Ua ntej, cov dej ntws tawm raug teeb tsa. Nws tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub hauv nruab nrab cov kav dej los yog kev ywj pheej. Khawb ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv uas yuav muaj ib tug reservoir rau sau cov dej ntws. Lub thawv yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav. Kev tshem tawm yog ua nyob rau hauv lub gutter los yog nyob rau hauvcentralized sewerage system.
Ib lub yeeb nkab nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 200 mm yog siv los tso dej pov tseg. Lub thawv yog txuas nrog lub qhov dej ntws, uas yuav tau nruab rau hauv pem teb npog. Rau qhov no, ib tug thib ob yeeb nkab yog siv, uas muaj ib tug siphon ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob. Nws yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej. Yog li nws tuaj yeem, yog tias tsim nyog, ntxuav cov plaub hau, av.
Tom qab ntawd qhov chaw npaj. Cov av txheej yog muab tshem tawm thiab npog nrog xuab zeb, tamped, thiab gravel yog poured. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov cement screed 5 cm tuab lossis ua yam tsis muaj nws. Ib txheej ntawm cov dej tsis sib haum (ru tsev muaj kev xav) yog nteg rau saum npoo ntawm qhov chaw, lub rhaub yog mounted. Nws tuaj yeem nthuav dav polystyrene lossis nthuav av nplaum. Tom qab cov lags yog mounted. Lawv yog lined nrog ib tug ntxhib txheej ntawm boards. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim rov qab, nrog kev pab los ntawm tus kheej-tapping screws, lub finishing flooring yog txuas nrog. Yuav tsum ua kom txoj kab nqes mus rau qhov ntws.
cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv pem teb
Yuav ua li cas ua kom sov hauv pem teb hauv da dej? Ua tib zoo xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm no. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kawg tshwm sim thiab cov kav ntev ntawm qhov tiav nyob ntawm qhov no.
Txhawm rau tsim lub hauv pem teb uas tsis yog tawm, siv lub rooj tsav xwm npaj. Nws thickness yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 3 cm. Grooved cov khoom yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau cov hom phiaj no. Nyob rau ib sab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm muaj ib tug zawj, thiab nyob rau lwm sab muaj ib tug protrusion (tus nplaig).
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xaiv cov lag luam zoo. Rau qhov no, ib tug nqaj nrog ib feem ntawm 5 x 5 los yog 5 x 7 cm yog haum, tib lub sij hawm, xyuam xim rau kev xaiv ntawm hom ntoo. Hauv qhov no, ob qho tib si deciduous thiab coniferous hom yog haum. Linden lossis ntoo thuv boards kuj haum.
ThaumKev npaj ntawm cov plag tsev uas tsis muaj dej yuav tsum tau muab rau qhov muaj qhov cua hauv lub hauv paus. Qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Txwv tsis pub, lawv lub neej kev pab yuav luv luv. Hauv pem teb yog ua 10 cm siab tshaj ntawm ntug ntawm lub hauv paus
khoom siv hauv pem teb
Muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau yuav ua li cas insulate hauv pem teb hauv da dej thaum npaj cov pob zeb ua pob zeb. Hom saum npoo no suav tias yog txias. Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau mus cuag lub luag hauj lwm. Xws li lub hauv paus yuav tsum muaj ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov av hauv pem teb tseem yuav tsum tau nruab.
Yuav ncuav ib lub pob zeb hauv pem teb, koj yuav tau npaj ib tug txaus mortar. Nws suav nrog cement, xuab zeb, thiab dej hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem. Cov formulations tshwj xeeb uas muaj nyob rau ntawm kev muag khoom yog txawv los ntawm ib tug zoo-xaiv piv ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav suav nrog ntau yam plasticizers thiab additives. Lawv txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm screed.
Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj, npaj lub thawv thiab lub perforator nrog lub nozzle tshwj xeeb. Kuj tseem siv lub pob zeb sib tov. Tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog siab, yog li nws tsis tshua tau yuav rau kev tsim kho ntiag tug.
Thaum xaiv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum xav txog seb hom kev ua tiav txheej hauv pem teb yuav muaj li cas. Yog tias nws yog flooring los ntawm cov laug cam, koj tuaj yeem yuav qhov sib xyaw li niaj zaus. Rau kev ua tiav tom ntej ntawm lub hauv paus nrog cov vuas, koj yuav tsum tau yuav ib lub mortar rau tus kheej. Ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab plasticizer.
Kev npaj ntawm pob zeb
Hauv pem teb hauv da dej nrog koj tus kheej tes tuaj yeem ua pob zeb. Cov txheej txheem yog ua nyob rau hauv 3 theem. Ua ntej, kev npaj ua haujlwm yog nqa tawm. Cov dej ntws tau raug teeb tsa. Nws muaj 2 kav dej thiab lub tank. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, khawb ib lub qhov hauv av thiab ua kom nws cov phab ntsa thiab hauv qab. Lub pob zeb txheej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5 cm.
Cov yeeb nkab los ntawm lub tank yog hloov mus rau lub tank septic lossis gutter. Ib qho dej ntws mus rau hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov kav dej phwj tuaj yeem tsim tau. Cov yeeb nkab thib ob tawm hauv chav da dej rau hauv lub tank. Nws yuav nruab nrog lub valve tshwj xeeb uas yuav tiv thaiv cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab nkag mus rau hauv chav.
Thaum lub qhov tso dej tau teeb tsa, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim lub hauv paus pob zeb. Ua ntej, qhov chaw yog leveled thiab rammed. Ua ntej, ib txheej ntawm xuab zeb (15 cm) yog poured, nws yog ua tib zoo compacted. Tom qab ncuav ib txheej ntawm gravel (txog 10 cm). Nws kuj yog qualitatively aligned.
Tom qab ntawd, 5 cm txheej ntawm mortar yog nchuav nrog txoj kab nqes mus rau qhov ntws. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus thiab cov phab ntsa, uas yuav tsum tau them nrog bitumen. Thaum cov txheej no dries, nteg ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus npaj. Nthuav av nplaum, nthuav polystyrene (thickness tsis tsawg dua 3 cm) yog haum. Nws raug tso cai siv cov ntxhia wool. Nyob rau hauv nws koj yuav tsum tau nteg ib txheej ntawm vapor barrier. Ib qho kev txhawb nqa mesh nrog lub mesh loj ntawm 10 x 10 mm yog pw rau ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev.
Tiav pem teb pob zeb
Ua ntej qhov kawg filling, hauv pem teb hauv da dej yog them nrog waterproofing. Beacons yog ntsia rau saum. Lawv yuav sau cov txheej txheem. Kauj ruam ntawm lighthouseskoj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 1 m.
Kev ntim khoom yog nqa tawm ntawm kaum sab xis ntawm chav tsev. Koj yuav tsum txav mus rau qhov tawm. Qhov saum npoo yog leveled nyob rau hauv ib ncig. Rau qhov no, ib tug trowel yog siv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov voids los ntawm kev sib sau hauv cov tshuaj, ib lub plasticizer ntxiv rau cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb (vibrator) yog siv.
Screed dries txog ib hlis. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob poob noo noo sai sai. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau watered ib ntus. Txwv tsis pub, cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem nce lub zog. Tom qab txheej txheej tau tiav solidified, xov yog nqa tawm. Cov laug cam, cov vuas luaj ceramic yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw los yog hauv pem teb yog sab laug uncovered. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw rau lawv lub hom phiaj.
Tau txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas hauv pem teb tsim hauv da dej, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav nws tus kheej. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsis phem dua nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tsim khoom. Nco ntsoov tias muaj qee qhov kev xav tau hluav taws kub rau da dej. Vim qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws kub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai kev nyab xeeb thaum lub sij hawm tus kheej tsim thiab kho kom zoo nkauj. Qhov no siv rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub chimney, nrog rau qhov loj ntawm chav tsev.
