Cov pob zeb nthuav dav yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev niaj hnub ntsig txog cov pob zeb sib sib zog nqus. Blocks thiab lwm yam khoom yog tsim los ntawm nws, uas yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev thiab engineering lug siv rau ntau yam hom phiaj. Nws kuj yog siv los sau cov duab monolithic ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Cov pob zeb nthuav dav yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov av nplaum, Portland cement, xuab zeb thiab dej los ntawm ib nrab qhuav vibrocompression. Qee zaum, yog tias tsim nyog, tso cai plasticizers ntxiv. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav txawv: kom nce cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev, cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement yuav txo qis, thaum lub ntim ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav ntxiv, txo cov khoom loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom tiav. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntsuas kub thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev nce.
Cov av nplaum nthuav dav yog cov av nplaum tshwj xeeb uas ua tiav, uas zoo li cov pob zeb oval porous. Nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom, lawv yuav muaj cov duab zoo nkauj,cov khoom no hu ua nthuav av nplaum gravel. Rau kev tsim cov blocks, ib qho muab tub lim nrog ib feem ntawm 5-10 hli yog siv.
Vim av nplaum yog cov khoom siv pheej yig, lub tsev ua los ntawm cov blocks no yuav ua rau ib puag ncig zoo thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav qis dua li kev yuav cov pob zeb ntau thiab ntau lub tsev (gypsum qhob, ua npuas ncauj ua npuas ncauj).
Kev faib tawm
Raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke, qhov loj ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav thiab cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem sib txawv, lawv tau muab faib ua pawg raws li ntau qhov tsis muaj:
1. Los ntawm kev teem caij:
- Kev tsim kho. Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov blocks. Lawv yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm kev txhawb nqa ywj pheej ntawm cov tsev, txuas hniav, overpasses. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov blocks no yog los ntawm 1400 txog 1800 kg / m 3.
- Cov qauv thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev kub yog koom nrog kev tsim cov phab ntsa, feem ntau yog ib txheej. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov blocks ntawm 600 txog 1400 kg / m 3.
- rwb thaiv tsev thermal yog siv los ua lub tshuab cua sov ntawm ntau yam qauv. Cov ntsiab lus lightest nrog cov ntsiab lus qis tshaj ntawm cov cement thiab xuab zeb. Specification gravity 350-600 kg/m3.
2. Los ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov:
- Phab ntsa. Rau sab hauv thiab sab nrauv masonry ntawm txawv qib ntawm lub luag hauj lwm.
- Kev faib phab ntsa rau cais qhov chaw sab hauv thiab, qee zaum, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm chav tsev.
3. Los ntawm daim ntawv. Tag nrho cov blocks yog parallelepipedal sib txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub degree ntawm txhaws:
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Hollow.
4. Hauv kev txiav txim:
- ntsej muag.
- Private.
qauv
Hais txog cov khoom thiab cov kev tsis sib xws, nthuav cov av nplaum pob zeb yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai tsim hauv GOST 6133-99 "Concrete wall stones". Cov ntaub ntawv sau tawm ntau yam tsis zoo rau kev tswj hwm zoo, txiav txim siab qib ntawm pob zeb, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau lawv cov khoom, cov cai rau kev thauj mus los thiab khaws cia.
GOST txhais qhov ntev ntawm cov roj thaiv, ua npuas ncauj, nthuav av nplaum thaiv:
Daim ntawv tseem qhia txog qhov tso cai sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me:
dav dav tsis muaj
Qhov ntev ntawm claydite thaiv raws li GOST tau txhais kom meej, kom pom tseeb, cia peb ua kom yooj yim thiab txhais rau hauv daim ntawv uas peb tau siv thiab tau txais cov lus hauv qab no:
| Npeb blocks | Size, mm |
| Wall |
390x190x188 288x288x138 288x138x138 290x190x188 190x190x188 90x190x188 |
| Septal |
590x90x188 390x90x188 190x90x188 |
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig no, koj tuaj yeem suav tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau kev tsim kho. Cov duab no siv tau rau cov blocks ntawm txhua hom pob zeb.
Tus qauv loj ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws li qhov xav tau tshwj xeebnyob rau theem ntau lawm rau ib qho tshwj xeeb batch lossis rau tag nrho cov khoom kab. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum qhia tias cov khoom yog tsim raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab muaj tus kheej qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas txawv ntawm qhov tau txais.
Tus qauv qhia tsis yog qhov loj ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav, tab sis kuj yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov pob zeb - ib qho parallelepiped. Cov khoom tuaj yeem muaj qhov xaus, nrog rau cov nplaig-thiab-groove pob qij txha.
Cov duab ntawm pob zeb (polyhedra, semicircles, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov qauv.
Specifications
Nco ntsoov tias qhov loj ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm.
1. Nthuav cov av nplaum sib txawv ntawm lub zog nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov:
| Destination | Indicator, kg/cm2 |
| Tshuaj tiv thaiv thermal | 5-35 |
| qauv thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev | 35-100 |
| Kev tsim kho | 100-500 |
2. Qhov hnyav:
| Destination | Indicator, kg/cm3 |
| Tshuaj tiv thaiv thermal | 350-600 |
| qauv thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev | 600-1400 |
| Kev tsim kho | 1400-1800 |
3. Lub thermal conductivity ntawm cov blocks nthuav dav av nplaum sib txawv ntawm 0,14-0.66 W / (mK). Qhov taw qhia nyob ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb muaj pes tsawg leeg - qhov me dua lawv, qhov siab dua qhov thaiv lub peev xwm khaws cov cua sov. Hollow cov ntsiab lus muaj tus nqi siab tshaj, thiab cov qauv ntawm lawv yuav yog qhov sov tshaj plaws.
4. Frost tsis kam nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov thaiv - qhov hnyav dua, qhov ntau dua ntawm cov voj voog cov khoom tiv taus.
| Destination | Ntau lub voj voog |
| Tshuaj tiv thaiv thermal | 15-50 |
| qauv thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev | 150 |
| Kev tsim kho | 500 |
5. Kev nqus dej rau tus qauv nthuav dav av nplaum - txog li 10%. Qhov taw qhia tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev ntxiv tshwj xeeb plasticizing additives thiab improvers rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
6. Vapor permeability nce nrog porosity - 0.3-0.9 mg / (mhPa). Raws li, lub teeb yuag rwb thaiv tsev thaiv zoo kawg nkaus dhau noo noo.
7. Suab rwb thaiv tsev nyob ntawm qhov degree ntawm porosity ntawm lub thaiv. 90 mm baffle muab kev tiv thaiv txog 50 dB.
8. Hluav taws kub tsis kam. Nthuav av nplaum pob zeb muaj peev xwm tiv taus 180 feeb. ntawm qhov raug kub ntawm 10500С.
9. Shrinkage sib haum mus rau 0.3-0.5 mm / m.
10. Tso cai tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev hauv tsev - 12.
Daim ntawv thov
Blocks ntawm nthuav av nplaum pob zeb yog universal - lawv yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev thiab engineering lug. Rau cov hauv paus, cov khoom loj yog tsim uas tuaj yeem ua tauwithstand loj loads, lub cev yog ntxiv dag zog. Rau cov phab ntsa, muaj ob qho tib si ywj siab thiab insulating blocks. Qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv tus tsim thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg: cov ntsiab lus rau kev txhawb nqa thiab cov khoom siv thauj khoom muaj qhov hnyav dua thiab qhov ntom ntom, thaum cov ntsiab lus insulating yog qhov ntxeem tau thiab lub teeb.
Kev faib ua los ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav cais suab hauv tsev zoo. Cov no haum rau hauv tsev thiab tsev rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Qhov loj ntawm qhov muab faib claydite thaiv tso cai rau koj los sib sau ua ke ntawm phab ntsa sai nrog kev ua haujlwm tsawg.
Qhov zoo dua lwm cov ntaub ntawv
+ Tsim cov av nplaum nthuav dav, qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv tsim, yooj yim rau nruab: lawv cov qauv ntxeem tau tso cai rau cov mortar nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub pob zeb, yog li ua kom ntseeg tau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov masonry.
+ Phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov hollow blocks yog ib qho yooj yim los txhim kho: kev txhawb zog ntxiv yog muab tso rau hauv qhov los ntawm qhov, tsim ib lub thav duab. Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim kho ntau-storey.
+ Qhov loj ntawm claydite blocks txuag ntawm cov mortar rau masonry, thiab kuj txo cov nqi zog rau kev tsim kho.
+ Qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis xav tau lub hauv paus muaj zog rau lub hauv paus.
+ Muaj peev xwm txuag tau nyiaj yam tsis muaj rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv.
+ phab ntsa "Breathable" tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb sab hauv tsev yam tsis muaj condensation.
+ nthuav av nplaum pob zeb nto tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog ntau lub tsevcov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws cov qauv yuav ua kom ntseeg tau qhov adhesion ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.
+ Cov pob zeb muaj zog tiv taus ntau yam khoom dai (cov txee, txee, khoom siv).
+ Cov shrinkage tsawg heev yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm kev ua tiav thiab kev ncaj ncees.
Flaws
- Piv rau cov pob zeb hnyav, cov av nplaum nthuav dav tsis tshua muaj zog, yog li nws siv rau hauv paus tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev tsim qis qis thiab ceev faj xam.
- Cov tsev siab siab yuav tsum muaj cov blocks siab, uas ua rau muaj kev thauj khoom ntawm lub hauv paus thiab xav tau cov qauv muaj zog dua, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi ntawm qhov project.
- Nws tshwm sim tias cov av nplaum nthuav dav tsis zoo tagnrho vim lawv cov qauv, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo nteg lawv. Tab sis yog tias qhov sib txawv nyob hauv qhov txwv tau tso cai los ntawm GOST, tsis muaj teeb meem.
Txoj kev thov thiab xaiv
Yog tias, thaum xaiv cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau lub tsev, koj tau txiav txim siab ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav, koj yuav tsum xav txog qee qhov nuances:
- Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj cov phab ntsa thickness tsawg kawg yog 40 hli. Tom qab ntawd nyob hauv tsev yuav xis nyob, thiab microclimate yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
- Tso yuav tsum ua tib zoo ntsuas qhov tuab ntawm cov seams. Yuav tsum tsis muaj protrusions lossis tee.
- Rau lub tsev ua los ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav, lub hauv paus sawb yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias tsis muab hauv qab daus. Tom qab nag los nag, koj tuaj yeem pib ua phab ntsa.
SizeTus qauv qhia meej meej txog cov av nplaum nthuav dav, thiab yog li ntawd, yog tias koj qhov project tsim raws li cov kev txwv no, yuav tsum ceev faj thaum yuav khoom: cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum qhia qhov ntev raws li GOST lossis TU. Tej zaum lawv yuav txawv.
