Kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab cov qauv tsim

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab cov qauv tsim
Kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab cov qauv tsim

Video: Kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab cov qauv tsim

Video: Kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab cov qauv tsim
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kabmob ntawm cov qauv hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Nws yog hu ua lub cev pob txha. Qhov system no yuav tsum muaj lub zog txaus thiab muab kev ruaj ntseg thiab rigidity rau lub tsev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus txuas tau tsim los tiv thaiv cov qauv ntawm atmospheric thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo. Lawv kuj yuav tsum muaj lub suab txaus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev kub. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov vaj tse raug cais raws li hom kev txhawb nqa. Peb yuav xav txog lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv tom qab hauv kab lus.

constructive schemes ntawm lub tsev
constructive schemes ntawm lub tsev

Yuav ua li cas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev?

Cov qauv yuav suav nrog cov khoom thauj khoom. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog cov tsev tsis muaj vaj huam sib luag.

Muaj lwm hom qauv. Nyob rau hauv lawv, tag nrho cov loads yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub system ntawm kab (racks). Cov qauv no - thav duab vaj tse - kuj suav nrog cov kab rov tav. Cov no, tshwj xeeb, yuav tsum suav nrog crossbars, girders.

Muaj cov tsev ua tiav thiab tsis tiav. Lub tswv yim tsim nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub xav tias muaj cov ntsiab lus ntsug ob qho tib si raws li ib puag ncig ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud thiab sab hauv cov qauv. Hauv qhov thib oblub tsev muaj load-bearing sab nrauv phab ntsa thiab ib tug puab ncej. Nws cov kab hloov cov phab ntsa tseem ceeb hauv.

Cov kev tsim vaj tsev zoo li no yog siv thaum tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj khoom. Ncej nrog transverse thiab longitudinal - sab nraud thiab sab hauv - load-bearing phab ntsa yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov thawv nyob rau hauv uas spatial rigidity yog muab los ntawm ceilings thiab ntsug ntsiab. Lawv tsim ruaj khov ntsug thiab kab rov tav diaphragms. Lub rigidity ntawm xws li cores nyob ntawm seb yuav txhim khu kev qha kev sib txuas ntawm cov plag tsev thiab phab ntsa, lawv lub zog.

vaj tse ncej
vaj tse ncej

Cov vaj tsev: kev faib tawm

Muaj kev faib raws li qhov ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tsev yuav suav nrog cov kab teeb thiab cov ncej txuas nrog cov pob txha. Lawv tsim longitudinal thiab transverse ncej. Raws li, cov ncej no hu ua ncej.

Knots lees txais tag nrho cov kab rov tav thiab ntsug. Lub moj khaum tuaj yeem txuas nrog. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los, cov pob txha ntawm cov pob txha zoo li no tsis tshua muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj cov kev sib txuas ntxiv kom lees txais cov kab rov tav load. Raws li txoj cai, lawv yog overlaps uas tsim diaphragms. Lawv hloov cov kab rov tav mus rau of the elevator shafts, reinforced concrete partitions, walls in stairwells, and so on. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv kev tsim kho, ib hom kev sib xyaw ua ke yog siv - ncej-bonded. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaiv no tsis zoo li lwm tus. Hauv qhov no, thav duab tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev coj, thiab kev sib txuas hauv lwm qhov.

frame buildings structural diagram
frame buildings structural diagram

Kev tsim kho

Cov tswv yim tsim kho ntawm cov tsev pej xeem nrog cov kab sib txuas yog nrov heev. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog cov pob zeb thiab cov hlau. Hauv kev tsim kho qis, cib lossis ntoo feem ntau siv. Niaj hnub no, kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv los ntawm cov khoom loj yog dav heev. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub pob txha ntawm lub tsev yog tsim los ntawm lub Hoobkas tsim lub thawv-zoo li qhov chaw. Ncej thev naus laus zis feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho cov vaj huam sib luag loj loj rau pej xeem thiab cov tsev nyob.

tsev ib-storey

Cov tswv yim tsim qauv ntawm cov tsev lag luam ntawm hom no suav nrog cov hlau lossis cov pob zeb ntxiv. Ua ke nrog cov khoom txhawb nqa lawv tsim cov thav duab transverse. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau hom longitudinal Cheebtsam yog siv nyob rau hauv cov qauv. Cov no, tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov khoom xws li crane, strapping thiab transverse thav duab, truss trusses, nrog rau ntau yam kev sib txuas. Qhov kawg muab ob qho tib si ntawm tus kheej thiab tag nrho cov thav duab ua rau tag nrho spatial stability thiab rigidity.

Ib qho kev ncua deb yog teem caij nruab nrab ntawm kab. Nws yog hu ua ib kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub longitudinal kev taw qhia thiab ib tug ncua - nyob rau hauv lub transverse kev taw qhia. Qhov ntev ntawm cov kev ncua deb no feem ntau hu ua kab sib chaws ntawm kab.

constructive schemes ntawm civil vaj tse
constructive schemes ntawm civil vaj tse

Cov qauv ib-zaj dab neeg muaj ntau heev hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev tsim kho.

Cov tsev li no muaj cov hlau lossisreinforced qhob ncej thiab npog thiab phab ntsa. Cov pob txha muaj xws li cov ntsiab lus ntsug - kab thiab kab rov tav - trusses, kab teeb, crossbars.

Cov khoom thawj thiab thib ob yog siv los tso cov slabs thiab vov tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm kab teeb thiab trusses, yog tias tsim nyog, aeration thiab teeb teeb yog mounted. Lub cev pob txha siv tag nrho cov khoom siv sab nraud los ntawm txheej txheej thiab qhov hnyav ntawm nws cov qauv, kev paub txog kab rov tav thiab ntsug crane, nrog rau cov cua siab ua rau ntawm phab ntsa. Rau cov tsev ua liaj ua teb, cov khoom siv pob zeb muaj zog yog siv, raws li txoj cai. Hauv cov tsev lag luam uas muaj qhov ntev ntawm 30 meters lossis ntau dua, cov ncej yog ua ke: trusses siv steel, thiab txhua kab siv cov pob zeb ntxiv.

Multi-storey industrial buildings

Cov qauv zoo li no tau nthuav dav hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej, tshuaj lom neeg, zaub mov, hluav taws xob thiab kev lag luam zoo sib xws. Cov pob txha ntawm cov tsev muaj xws li crossbars thiab kab. Lawv tsim ntau-tiered thav duab nrog cov pob txha nruj.

constructive schemes ntawm industrial tsev
constructive schemes ntawm industrial tsev

Cov ntsiab lus no tau muab tso rau thoob plaws lub tsev. Nyob rau hauv lub longitudinal kev taw qhia, rigidity ntawm cov qauv yog muab los ntawm steel ties. Lawv raug ntsia raws tag nrho cov kab ntawm kab hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv. Tus naj npawb ntawm qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv: los ntawm 1 txog 3-4, thiab qee zaum ntau dua. Lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog 12, 9 thiab 6 m.

Rafter beams npog cov pem teb sab saud, qhov dav yog 18 thiab 12 m. Trusses thiab slabs kuj siv rau cov hom phiaj no, zoo ib yam li cov txheej hauv ib-zaj dab neeg.cov qauv. Qhov siab ntawm cov plag tsev tuaj yeem yog 3.6-7.2 m nrog gradation txhua 0.6 m.

tsev nyob ntau-storey

Cov tsev no tuaj yeem yog peb hom: nrog cov kabmob pob zeb, ncej-thiab tsis muaj vaj huam sib luag. Cov tom kawg yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov. Cov spans nyob rau hauv lub thav duab ntawm lub tsev muaj ib tug loj ntawm 5.6 thiab 6 m. Qhov kev ncua deb (kauj ruam) ntawm cov kab raws tus qauv yog 3.2 thiab 3.6 m. Nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev, lub pem teb qhov siab yog teem. Rau cov tsev nyob thiab tsev so - 2.8 m.

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