Ib tsob ntoo orchid zoo nkauj txaus siab nrog nws txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab txawv txav. Lub paj no tau coj los ntawm Tebchaws Europe, thiab nws tam sim ntawd yeej lub siab ntawm connoisseurs ntawm kev zoo nkauj. Kev yug me nyuam orchids tsis yog teeb meem heev, txawm tias qhov txawv txav ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Txawm li cas los xij, kev saib xyuas tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tuag ntawm lub paj. Qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi? Nws yog paub tias orchid yog unpretentious rau watering. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm nws kev yug me nyuam yog xaiv av. Lub substrate rau lub orchid yuav tsum tshwj xeeb. Nws txoj kev tsis ncaj ncees yog qhov ua rau tuag ntawm lub paj zoo nkauj no.
orchids loj hlob nyob qhov twg?
Cov av rau orchids yuav tsum tau xaiv nyob ntawm seb hom nroj tsuag. Txawm tias cov khoom sib tov npaj tau muag hauv khw muag khoom tsis haum rau txhua lub paj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv tus kheej hom substrates nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Lub ntsiab xav tau rau cov av yog lightness, noo noo peev xwm, breathability thiab friability. Kev nyab xeeb tropical yog nyob rau orchids. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm high humidity, clinging rau ceg thiab trunks.
Ntsuab nojcov tawv ntoo tuag thiab cov nroj tsuag tseem nyob hauv cov kab nrib pleb. Algae thiab mosses coexist nrog cov nroj tsuag no. Qhov no yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob zoo ntawm orchids. Hauv tsev, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb, tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj ib puag ncig kom ze rau ntuj li sai tau. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm av.
Txoj kev ntawm substrate
Cov substrate rau cov nroj tsuag muaj ntau haiv neeg. Txhua hom paj yuav tsum muaj nws tus kheej tej yam kev mob rau tag nrho kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Orchid tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab txawm tias yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov av. Rau cov nroj tsuag no, cov av fertile zoo tib yam tsis haum thiab tuaj yeem ua rau nws tuag. Qhov feem ntau yuam kev paj growers ua yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm substrate rau orchids. Yuav ua li cas gardeners tsis tau sim los tsim tej yam kev mob rau kev loj hlob ntawm no paj. Lub ntiaj teb tau tov nrog straw thiab txawm tias hluavtaws fibers.
Txog hnub tim, twb tau muaj qee cov npe ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov substrate. Feem ntau cov ntoo tawv ntoo, fern cag, charcoal, sphagnum moss, nplooj hauv av, polystyrene, perlite, siab peat thiab txiv maj phaub fiber. Cov no yog cov khoom xyaw ntau tshaj plaws. Ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab pheej yig yog Pine bark. Orchid substrate tuaj yeem yuav tom khw lossis npaj los ntawm koj tus kheej.
Thaum cov nroj tsuag qhia pom tias tsis muaj cov as-ham: nplooj qhuav, hloov xim thiab paj stalks ploj lawm, koj yuav tsum xav txog kev cog qoob loo. Yog tias koj muaj tsev cog khoom, koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm, txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov paj. Yog tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv yuav tshwm sim ntawm windowsill, tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov zoo dua los tos kom txog thaum kawg ntawm flowering. Thaum lub sij hawm dormant, kev hloov pauv yuav ua tau zoo dua. Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag stick nruj heev rau phab ntsa ntawm lub lauj kaub. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntub cov av ntawm lub paj zoo thiab tom qab 15 feeb nws yog ib qho yooj yim los rub nws tawm. Orchid cov hauv paus hniav tuaj yeem txiav tau nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub lauj kaub tshiab. Peb hloov lub qub substrate mus rau ib tug tshiab thiab cog ib lub paj. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ntxiv dag zog rau nws los ntawm kev tso ib tug pas kom txog thaum cov nroj tsuag pib cag.
Pine bark
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas ua rau lub substrate yog ntoo thuv tawv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hauv paus hniav yuav tsum muaj aeration siab thiab zoo heev nkag mus rau noo noo. Yog li ntawd, lub substrate rau orchid yuav tsum zoo kawg nkaus tiv nrog cov hauj lwm no. Cov av tuaj yeem ua raws li cov tawv ntoo ntawm ntoo qhib, spruce, birch thiab ntoo deciduous. Nws tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub khw lossis sib sau los ntawm koj tus kheej. Cov tawv ntoo muaj cov kab mob uas decompose nws thiab yog activators ntawm mycelium kev loj hlob. Nws muab cov pa oxygen dawb rau cov hauv paus hniav.
Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov khoom ntawm cov tawv ntoo nqus nitrogen mus rau qhov loj. Cov nroj tsuag pib tsis muaj cov khoom no thiab xav tau kev pub mis ntxiv. Lub acidic ib puag ncig ntawm lub caij no reacts nrog alkaline ib puag ncig ntawm dej thiab ua rau cov av nruab nrab.
Yuav ua li cas npaj bark?
Koj yuav tsum xaiv cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob laus dhau.los yog hluas. Lub bark yuav tsum tsis muaj pwm, resin los yog lwm yam txawv teb chaws inclusions. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, koj tuaj yeem boil nws thiab tom qab ntawd qhuav. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom no raug txiav rau hauv daim, qhov loj ntawm qhov nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab nws qhov ntev. Rau cov nroj tsuag me, qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov tawg yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj ib tug hazelnut, thiab rau cov nroj tsuag loj, tsis ntau tshaj ib tug walnut.
substrate Cheebtsam
Cov substrate rau cov yub thiab yug me nyuam ntawm orchids yuav suav nrog ntau yam. Ua ntej, nws yog ntoo thuv bark. Ib ntu ntu ntawm cov av kuj yog charcoal. Nws tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub uas cov coals tau hlawv tag nrho. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no yuav tsum tsis txhob loj. Nws zoo li khaws cov ntsev, uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Rau cov tub ntxhais hluas orchids, sphagnum moss yog qhov zoo heev uas yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov substrate. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug. Moss yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv dej rau ib hnub ua ntej siv kom tshem tau kab.
Peat feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv cov av rau cog orchids. Nws cov qauv yuav tsum yog fibrous thiab muaj tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntsev. Nws txoj haujlwm ncaj qha yog khaws cov dej noo hauv av. Qee lub sij hawm fern hauv paus yog ntxiv rau substrate rau orchids. Rau qhov no, cov nroj tsuag paub tab zoo dua. Thaum npaj cov av koj tus kheej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua tib zoo ua kom tag nrho cov khoom nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv ingress ntawm fungi thiab kab mob. Nco ntsoov tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm substrate nyob ntawm seb hom orchid.
Hnub no rau ntau yamCov neeg cog paj tau los ua cov txiv maj phaub substrate rau orchids. Nws yog ib qho organic tivthaiv uas yog tsim los ntawm lub plhaub ntawm cov txiv maj phaub thiab nws cov tawv nqaij. Lub plhaub yog ntxuav kom huv si, kom tsis muaj menyuam, qhuav kom zoo thiab nias.
Qhov no ua rau kev thauj mus los fiber ntau yooj yim dua. Txiv maj phaub substrate yog muag hauv briquettes. Qhov no yog ib qho chaw zoo rau kev loj hlob zoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm orchids thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag. Thaum soaked, lub coco substrate khaws noo noo zoo heev.
txiv maj phaub yog dab tsi?
coir briquettes yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib qho thaiv, feem ntau ntsuas 30 centimeters nyob rau hauv ntev thiab dav thiab 15 centimeters nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Nws qhov hnyav yog li 4.5 kg. Ib qho thaiv zoo li no, thaum soaked, yields txog 15 litres ntawm substrate.
Nws tuaj yeem siv tau ob leeg ntawm nws tus kheej, rau kev cog qoob loo, thiab ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom siv rau kev npaj av nrog qee qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Fiber ntau hauv cov blocks tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv lawv nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau oxygen thiab noo noo peev xwm. Txiv maj phaub blocks yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev loj hlob orchids. Lawv muaj cov organic teeb meem thiab muaj cov kua dej zoo heev.
txiaj ntsig ntawm txiv maj phaub fiber
Hnub no, yuav luag txhua lub khw tshwj xeeb koj tuaj yeem yuav coco substrate. Nws tus nqi yog los ntawm 200 mus rau 450 rubles ib block. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no yog pom tseeb. Ua ntej, nws yogtag nrho cov organic ib puag ncig. Qhov thib ob, nws yog ib qho zoo heev breathability, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb rau orchids. Qhov thib peb kom zoo dua yog muaj peev xwm ya raws siab. Txiv maj phaub substrate tuaj yeem tuav txog 7 npaug ntawm nws qhov hnyav hauv dej.
Cov microflora ntawm cov khoom no tsis yog pathogenic. Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom zoo rau ib puag ncig. Txiv maj phaub substrate muaj qhov nruab nrab ib puag ncig uas zoo tagnrho tsis yog rau orchids, tab sis kuj rau ntau lwm cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev cog qoob loo hydroponic. Qhov kev tivthaiv no yog ib qho chaw zoo tagnrho rau kev txhim kho hauv paus system. Txiv maj phaub substrate tuaj yeem siv ntau zaus. Nws yog tsim rau loj hlob orchids, gerberas, txiv lws suav, anthuriums, peppers, dib thiab ntau lwm yam nroj tsuag.
