Rowan yog cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj nqi qis vim yog cov yam ntxwv iab saj ntawm nws cov berries. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntau yam, nws yog dav siv los ua cov nroj tsuag ornamental. Cov ntoo ruaj khov thiab muaj zog kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv cov ntoo.
Botanical description
Raws li lub npe "rowan", hom thiab ntau yam uas koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub botany nws yog kev cai kom to taub tag nrho genus ntawm woody tsawg nroj tsuag los ntawm loj Pink tsev neeg. Tus naj npawb ntawm hom ntau tshaj li ib puas, thiab li ntawm ib feem peb ntawm lawv loj hlob dawb nyob rau hauv Russia. Rowan tau nthuav dav hauv North America, Asia thiab thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Cov nroj tsuag deciduous no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsob ntoo los yog tsob ntoo yog qhov zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum nplooj raug pleev xim rau hauv cov xim liab, thiab cov ceg ntoo tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pawg loj loj.
Siv thiab thaj chaw ntawm roob tshauv
Ntoo rowan yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm elasticity thiab siab ceev, uas tso cai rau nws siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv. Ib tsob ntoo paj ntoo lossis tsob ntoo yog tsob ntoo zib ntab zoo heev.
Berryroob tshauv noj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm ntau yam tshiab, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau poob lawv iab saj. Koj tuaj yeem noj lawv tshiab, cov kaus poom (compotes, jams, preserves), ua marmalade los yog marshmallow, qhuav, marinate los yog tsau. Qee cov khoom ntawm roob tshauv, los yog nws cov berries, yog siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj. Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo yog cov hauv qab no: diuretic thiab choleretic, laxative, hemostatic, diaphoretic, antiscorbutic. Thawj frosts pab kom tshem ntawm iab nyob rau hauv berries. Lawv ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib qho glycoside.
Common rowan: ntau yam thiab hom
hom nto moo tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws yog roob tshauv. Nws lub npe Latin los ntawm kab lus "kev nyiam noog". Qhov no yog vim, tej zaum, rau lub fact tias ci liab berries nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub Bush tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, tab sis yuav luag tag nrho cov caij ntuj no, ua zaub mov rau noog. Cov tsiaj yog faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub temperate cheeb tsam. Feem ntau nws yog tsob ntoo, tsawg zaus - ib tsob ntoo nrog lub ntsej muag puag ncig thiab qhov siab txog li 12 m, tab sis, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 5-10 m.
Cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev cog qoob loo faib cov rowan ntau yam ua ob hom: Nevezhinskaya thiab Moravian. Thawj suav nrog hybrids ntawm Eastern European keeb kwm, thiab thib ob - Central European. Qhov txawv tsis yog tsuas yog rowan berries (hauv saj, xim, duab), tab sis kuj cov nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej - cov duab ntawm lub crown, nplooj, bark, thiab lwm yam.
Moravian Rowan
Sweet ashberry, los yog Moravian, yog ntau hom ashberry. Thawj zaug nwspom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv Moravia nyob rau hauv lub Sudetenland cheeb tsam. Taw qhia rau hauv kab lis kev cai ua tsaug rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo nkauj thiab cua. Ib tsob ntoo siab 10-12 m thaum muaj hnub nyoog me me muaj qhov nqaim pyramidal, nplooj loj txog 25 cm ntev, txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus txog 1 cm inch.
Edulis
Tsis yog tsob ntoo siab heev (10-15 m) yog qhov txawv tsis yog los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib, tab sis kuj los ntawm nws cov tsos zoo nkauj. Lub crown yog nqaim-pyramidal, nplooj yog loj, tsis tawv, khib-pinnate, los ntawm sab lawv zoo li openwork, lawv tig mus rau hauv nplua nuj liab thiab daj ntxoov nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Flowering pib nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, lub inflorescence yog corymbose, ntom. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog puag ncig-oval, loj nrog cov kua qab zib-qaub pulp, liab doog-liab. Edulis roob tshauv muaj lub caij ntuj no hardiness, lub teeb-yuav tsum tau, tab sis muaj peev xwm tiv taus lub teeb shading, prefers fertile thiab zoo-drained av. Nws tsis zam qhov swampiness thiab noo noo ntau dhau, nws cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov pa paug thiab pa taws hauv huab cua. Nws yog siv los ua cov qoob loo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nrog rau kev cog qoob loo hauv pawg.
Bissnery
Hybrid nrog nqaim compact crown zoo hlob mus txog 11 m siab. Kho kom zoo nkauj thoob plaws lub xyoo vim cov nplooj loj zoo nkauj feathery, me me thiab ci berries. Tsis muaj iab saj hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Zoo li ntau lwm yam zoo nkauj roob tshauv, Bissneri tsis ntshai Frost, tab sis rhiab heev rau huab cua hauv nroog, swampy thiab hnyav av. Nyiam hnub ci, zooilluminated thaj chaw, zam qhov ntxoov ntxoo me ntsis.
Concentra
Lwm Western European ntau yam nrog lub ntsej muag pyramidal. Cov nplooj yog loj, dawb nyob rau hauv underside nrog serrated npoo. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog oval-puab, dav-ribbed, ci txiv kab ntxwv nyob rau hauv cov xim, sau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntom ntaub thaiv npog ntawm 70-100 pieces, muaj ib tug saj zoo tsis muaj ntau astringency thiab iab nrog kua txiv kab ntxwv pulp. Qhov ntau yam yog heev resistant rau Frost thiab kab mob. Nyiam cov av fertile xoob yam tsis muaj dej tsis tu ncua, teeb pom kev zoo.
Nevezhinskaya roob tshauv
Nevezhinskaya roob tshauv kuj yog ntau yam zoo tib yam, thiab tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov cim sab nraud. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, rowan berries muaj cov yam ntxwv iab saj thiab ua tau tsuas yog tom qab thawj Frost. Txawm li cas los xij, Nevezhinsky ntau yam muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws cov berries yog devoid ntawm iab txawm tias thaum unripe, thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm vitamin saturation, nws yog piv rau txiv qaub thiab blackcurrant. Tsob ntoo tsis tau los ntawm kev xaiv, tab sis yog ib hom ntuj. Keeb kwm ntawm nws discovery yog heev nthuav. Tsob ntoo tau pom los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Shchelkunov hauv hav zoov Andreevsky, uas nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Nevezhino. Thaum cog rau hauv nws lub vaj, nws tsis muaj lub tswv yim tias tsob ntoo Frost-resistant thiab unpretentious yuav kis mus thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Cov neeg zej zog bred rowan seedlings thiab muag lawv rau cov cheeb tsam nyob sib ze. Tam sim no, ntau ntau yam tau bred, peb kos koj cov xim rau cov neeg nto moo tshaj plaws thiab pov thawj.
Eastern European ntau yam
- Kubovaya yog tsob ntoo nruab nrab nrog lub ntsej muag paniculate, nplooj nyias nyias thiab elongated ci txiv kab ntxwv txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv siab heev, photophilous, undemanding rau cov av, tab sis nyiam qhov nruab nrab lossis lub teeb loams. Lub roob tshauv ntawm Kubovaya ntau yam tsis muaj iab saj, nruab nrab tart, nqaij yog ci daj, muaj kua. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav 0.5 g.
- Qab Zib Petrova yog tsob ntoo qis (txog 5 m) nrog cov nplooj loj zoo nkauj. Qhov ntau yam muaj nuj nqis rau cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov suab thaj hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum tsis muaj astringency thiab iab. Frost-resistant, unpretentious.
- Spark - ntau yam thaum ntxov ntawm lub hom phiaj thoob ntiaj teb. Cov nroj tsuag yog nruab nrab siab nrog ncaj ascending ceg teem compactly. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj, hnyav 1.5-1.7 g nrog cov nqaij daj, liab-txiv kab ntxwv thaum siav.
Michurin ntau yam
Ntau yam, bred los ntawm tus naas ej domestic breeder Michurin I. V., yog tsis tshua muaj neeg mus ntsib nyob rau hauv niaj hnub vaj. Tam sim no, qee qhov poob, lwm tus tsuas yog sib xyaw ua ke thiab tsis paub qhov txawv. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev khaws cia hybrid Michurin roob tshauv. Ntau yam Titan (duab saum toj no), tshwj xeeb, rau hnub no yog muag thiab yuav los ntawm gardeners. Nws yog bred los ntawm pollinating rowan paj nrog pear thiab liab-leaved kua paj ntoos. Cov nroj tsuag yog tsob ntoo qis (txog 3.5 m) nrog lub ntsej muag sib npaug. Loj berries tau sau nyob rau hauv pawg haib, muaj ib tug yam ntxwv saj tsis muaj iab thiab nplua nuj tsaus liab hue. Tsob ntoo txawvsiab tiv taus txawm tias qhov hnyav tshaj plaws huab cua. Hybrids Liqueurnaya, Pomegranate, Burka yog ze rau Titan ntau yam hauv txhua tus yam ntxwv.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov zoo tib yam thiab chokeberry, ntau yam uas kuj muaj ntau heev, nyob deb ntawm qhov qub. Txawm hais tias koj piv cov tsos ntawm cov nroj tsuag, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Chokeberry, los yog Michurin's chokeberry, belongs rau ib tug txawv kiag li genus - Aronia, tab sis rau tib Pink tsev neeg. Cov tsiaj tau bred nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 hauv Michurin chaw zov me nyuam. Qhov no yog tsob ntoo qis (txog li 3 m) nrog cov nplooj ntsuab tsaus thiab cov duab kheej kheej dub (qee zaum nrog cov xim liab qab) txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov noob. Nrov li zib mu, tshuaj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo qoob.
Txoj kev loj hlob roob tshauv
- Rowan yog tsob ntoo loj heev, yog li nws ua rau kev cog qoob loo nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw. Cov nroj tsuag nyiam qhov chaw zoo, zam lub teeb shading, txhim kho tsis zoo hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis zoo.
- Yuav luag txhua yam ntawm roob tshauv yog unpretentious thiab undemanding rau cov av, tab sis tseem txhim kho zoo dua nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb substrate, nyob rau hauv loam. Tsis nyiam cov dej noo thiab dej ntau dhau.
- Txhua lub roob tshauv (ntau yam tsis muaj teeb meem) nyiam lub caij nplooj zeeg cog lossis caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov (ua ntej kev loj hlob). Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, nws raug nquahu kom cog ntau yam hybrids.
- Kev saib xyuas tsob ntoo tseem ceeb yog kev tshem tawm cov cag thiab tua kom raws sijhawm,uas txhim kho hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw grafting, watering (yog tias tsim nyog), loosening cov av thiab kev tiv thaiv kab tsuag thiab kab mob.
- Rowan pib loj hlob sai heev, nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws yog advisable rau prune thiab saum hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv thiab ntxov lub sij hawm.
- Txij li peb xyoos tom qab cog, nws raug nquahu kom pub ntoo nrog cov ntxhia hauv cov chiv hauv peb theem: ua ntej flowering nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub caij ntuj sov thaum lub sij hawm fruiting thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg tom qab sau.
