Nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia rau kev cog qoob loo, tsis yog zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis paj, hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj ib txwm muaj. Ntau tus gardeners, yuam kev ntseeg tias tsuas yog cov organic chiv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nroj tsuag, mob siab rau npaj tons ntawm compost thiab quav nyab. Tab sis cov nroj tsuag kuj xav tau cov zaub mov.
Xyaum qhia tau tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo tau txais yog tias tag nrho cov qoob loo zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries, ornamental shrubs thiab paj yog fertilized nrog superphosphate nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Tsis tas yuav xav tias hauv qhov kev npaj no muaj ib qho "chemistry" uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Superphosphate yog ib qho complex compound, uas muaj ntau yam khoom tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag kom loj hlob ntsuab loj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb
Superphosphate belongs rau qeb ntawm cov ntxhia phosphate yooj yim chiv. Qhov no formulation yog ib tug grey hmoov uas caking tsawg heev thaum lub sij hawm cia thiab muaj ib tug nruab nrab kis tau. Nws cov formula yog: Ca(H2PO4)2H2 O and CaSO4.
Nyob rau hauv cov khoom no, zoo kawg nkaus digestible los ntawm cov nroj tsuagP2O5 muaj txog 19.5%.
Los ntawm lub npe nws paub meej tias cov tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv superphosphate yog phosphorus. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom - phosphoric acid thiab monocalcium phosphate ntsev. Ob yam khoom no tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 20% mus rau 50%, uas tau qhia ntawm lub Hoobkas ntim. Superphosphate chiv kuj muaj:
- Gypsum.
- Silica.
- Iron phosphate.
- Fluorine compounds.
- YAluminium Phosphate.
Cia peb saib lub luag haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag lub neej.
phosphorus
Cov khoom siv raw kom tau txais cov khoom no yog phosphorites, uas yog cov pob zeb sedimentary. Phosphorus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag. Lawv taw qhia tias tsis txaus los ntawm kev hloov xim ntawm lawv cov nplooj los ntawm ntsuab mus rau bronze, ntshav, violet. Phosphorus thiab nws cov tebchaw pab cov nroj tsuag ua Frost-resistant, yooj yim dua rau drought, khaws starch, rog thiab qab zib.
Kev taw qhia ntawm superphosphate pab txhawb rau ua ntej ripening ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo precisely vim phosphorus muaj nyob rau hauv nws. Cov khoom no yog ib feem ntawm complex proteins uas koom nrog hauv cell division. Yog li ntawd, superphosphate fertilizer txhawb kev tsim ntawm cov ceg tshiab, buds, zes qe menyuam, nplooj. Cov nroj tsuag uas tau txais kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus no loj tuaj, muaj lub kaus mom lush (ntoo), thiab tsim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau dua.
Gypsum
Koj yuam kev yog tias koj xav tias gypsum tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj rau pob txha caj dab. Cov khoom no hauv nws daim ntawv nyoos yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.chiv, raws li nws yog ib tug nplua nuj qhov chaw ntawm calcium thiab sulfur. Nws cov qauv yog CaSO4.
Calcium xav tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag kom nce yields, tswj cov nitrogen kom tsawg, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj - txhawm rau tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob.
Yog tias lub ntsiab lus no tsis txaus hauv av, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug khi me me. Txawm tias ua ntej sau (ua ntsuab) lawv tawg. Hauv cov paj uas tsis muaj calcium, buds tuag thiab poob tawm. Hauv cov qoob loo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, apical buds ntawm tua qhuav.
Fertilizer nrog superphosphate, uas muaj gypsum, pab kom zam tag nrho cov tshwm sim no, nce yields, ua kom cov qoob loo ornamental blooms ntau luxuriantly, thiab nce lub neej txee ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
YSilica thiab fluorine
Silica yog silicon oxide (SiO2). Cov khoom no yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov av, vim hais tias nws txhim kho qhov nqus ntawm phosphorus, nrog rau cov poov tshuaj, magnesium thiab lwm yam as-ham, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv cov nroj tsuag, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, yog li nthuav cov khoom noj khoom haus. Silicon ua rau cov nroj tsuag tiv taus Frost, drought, lom lom, thiab kab tsuag puas. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj cov silicon nyob rau hauv cov ntim uas yuav tsum tau ua kom cov qoob loo, dib, thiab qos yaj ywm. Hauv cov txiv lws suav uas tsis muaj silicon, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsis teeb, lossis nyob twj ywm me me.
Fertilization nrog superphosphate uas muaj silica ua rau kom cov qoob loo ntawm txiv lws suav thiab qos yaj ywm. Nws kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum siv thaum cog qoob loo.ntau lwm yam kev ua liaj ua teb thiab ornamental qoob loo.
Tsis muaj kev pom zoo txog cov tshuaj fluorine muaj nyob hauv superphosphate feem ntau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sodium fluoride. Qee cov kws tshaj lij tau sib cav tias cov tshuaj fluorine ua ke nrog phosphorus nce cov qoob loo hauv paus. Lwm tus ntseeg tias cov tshuaj no hauv cov koob tshuaj me me tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nroj tsuag, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj loj nws nyhav rau hauv cov nplooj thiab txo cov qoob loo.
txiaj ntsig ntawm superphosphate
Los ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias kev siv superphosphate ua chiv yog qhov pom zoo. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov teebmeem hauv qab no rau cov nroj tsuag:
- nce yield.
- Ua rau lawv tsis tshua muaj kev mob khaub thuas thiab drought.
- Pab tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
- Txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm huab cua.
- Txhim lub txee lub neej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Develops lub hauv paus system.
- Txhim kho qhov saj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
- Slows down the aging of nroj tsuag.
Txawm los tsis ua fertilize tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm cov xim ntawm nplooj nplooj ntawm cov qoob loo.
Koj tuaj yeem siv superphosphate ua ke nrog cov tshuaj potash thiab nitrogen. Tsis txhob siv superphosphate chiv ua ke nrog chalk, urea, ammonium nitrate.
2 superphosphate
Cov mis ntawm cov tshuaj no yog Ca(H2PO4)2· H2O. Nyob rau hauv nws, P2O5, uas yog zoo kawg nkaus assimilated los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, yog ntau ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv yooj yim superphosphate, uas yog los ntawm 45% mus rau48%.
Ob chav superphosphate kuj muaj gypsum, tab sis nws feem pua qis dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov chiv no muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv ntawm manganese (txog 2.5%), boron (txog 0.3%), ammonia (txog 1.6%), molybdenum (txog 0.1%). Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom no pab txhawb rau cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj.
Manganese yog ib feem ntawm ntau cov proteins tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag rau ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox, tshwj xeeb, rau kev hloov pauv ntawm nitrates rau ammonia. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, berries, plums, txiv apples, thiab cherries raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tsis muaj cov khoom no.
Molybdenum tseem tsim nyog rau txhua yam nroj tsuag, txawm hais tias qhov kev xav tau rau nws qis dua rau lwm cov tshuaj. Qhov no yog coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ob superphosphate. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntxhia chiv qhia txog qhov feem pua ntawm txhua feem thiab qhia tias molybdenum hauv kev npaj yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws (0.1%). Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv xws li ntau npaum li cas, lub caij no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nroj tsuag. Nws nce photosynthesis, koom nrog tsim chlorophyll, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem biochemical, hauv cov carbohydrates thiab phosphorus metabolism, pab hloov nitrates rau hauv ammonia.
Boron yog lwm yam tshuaj tseem ceeb heev. Nws nce yields, txhawb cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm starch nyob rau hauv qos yaj ywm, thiab qab zib nyob rau hauv qab zib beets, txhim kho cov noob zoo, activates flowering thiab fertilization.
Ammonia muaj txiaj ntsig vim nws muaj ntau cov nitrogen (txog 82%). Raws li koj paub, cov nroj tsuag xav tau nitrogen, zoo li tib neeg xav tau qhob cij. Yog li ntawd, txhua tus ntawm lawv nquag nqus nitrates, uas zoo li mus rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.thiab hauv nplooj. Nroj tsuag nqus ammonia yam tsis muaj "qab los noj mov", tab sis nws ua tau zoo ib yam li nitrates, tsis muaj kev sib sau ntawm nplooj, lossis hauv cov hauv paus hniav, lossis hauv zes qe menyuam, lossis hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Raws li tau pom los ntawm cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, ob chav superphosphate plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag thaum lub caij cog qoob loo.
YGranular superphosphate
Ntxiv rau superphosphate, kev lag luam tsim cov chiv no hauv cov hmoov hmoov thiab hauv daim ntawv ntawm granules. Ib txhia gardeners xav tsis thoob los ntawm tus nqi sib txawv rau xws li tshuaj nrog ib tug sib npaug ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub pob. Nws nyob ntawm txoj kev granulation. Kev npaj ntub dej (ua nrog dej thiab chav dej, tab sis cov chiv nws tus kheej xav tias qhuav rau qhov kov) yog ib txwm kim tshaj qhov nias.
Los ntawm nws tus kheej, granular superphosphate yog cov chiv uas ua haujlwm zoo dua hauv cov av dua li hmoov, txawm tias lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav zoo ib yam. Nov yog lwm qhov piav qhia vim li cas cov tshuaj hauv granules pheej yig dua.
txiaj ntsig:
- Tsawg noj thaum siv ntawm thaj chaw sib npaug nrog superphosphate hmoov.
- Muaj qhov ua tau ntev (sib nqus maj, tsis poob nws cov khoom, cov nroj tsuag noj nws raws li lawv xav tau).
- Nws muaj peev xwm fertilize av hla thaj chaw loj mechanically (tsis nqa cua hla lub teb).
- Tsis txhob ntxuav nrog dej.
Soils thiab siv txoj hauv kev
Nyob yuav luag txhua hom av, nws raug nquahu kom siv superphosphate. Fertilizer yuav tsum tau thov nrog ceev faj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov av nrogpH yog qis dua 6. Yog hais tias av acidity siab, ua ntej ntxiv phosphorus npaj rau cov nroj tsuag, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv "fluff", slaked txiv qaub, av qe plhaub, uas yog, txiv qaub cov av thiab yog li coj nws pH los ze zog mus rau nruab nrab tus nqi.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los thov superphosphate los pab txo qhov nqus ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv av:
- YKev siv granular superphosphate.
- daim ntawv thov hauv zos.
- Muab chiv rau hauv grooves hauv av.
- Spot daim ntawv thov.
- Fertilization ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog dej extract los ntawm kev npaj.
Nyob rau tom kawg, cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv paus system sai dua thiab pib ua haujlwm. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj los ua ib qho dej extract. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ncuav cov granules nrog dej npau npau thiab sib tov kom txog thaum lawv yaj tag. Pom zoo proportions rau kev daws teeb meem: 20 tablespoons superphosphate thiab 3 liv dej. Txhawm rau fertilize cov nroj tsuag, koj yuav tsum noj 150 ml ntawm cov tshuaj no rau ib lub thoob dej.
Koj tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm superphosphate hauv lwm txoj kev. Qhov no yuav tsum tau composting fertilizer nrog kev npaj muaj cov kab mob nyob, piv txwv li, nrog humates. Thaum cov sib tov npaj txhij, nws yog diluted nyob rau hauv dej thiab khaws cia rau 24 teev rau qhov kawg maturation. Tom qab ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem diluted nrog dej thiab siv fertilize tej qoob loo.
sijhawm pub mis
Rau cov ntawv thov vaj nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, superphosphate chiv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog siv los ua lub hauv paus saum toj hnav khaub ncaws, uas muab cov nroj tsuagnquag loj hlob, nce ntsuab loj, kev loj hlob zoo. Feem ntau, tag nrho cov no pab lawv tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag, khaws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lawv qhov chaw, zoo siab nrog lush paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Qhov nruab nrab, yooj yim superphosphate yog siv rau 1 square meter ntawm 40 mus rau 50 grams, thiab ob npaug thiab granular los ntawm 20 mus rau 30 grams. Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv ib tug standard tablespoon ntawm hmoov npaj muaj 18 grams (tsis muaj ib tug siab swb), thiab ib tug granular - txog 16 grams. Rau cov ntoo, cov kev cai sib txawv. Yog tias lawv lub hnub nyoog laus dua 3 xyoos, txog li 600 grams yuav tsum tau them rau txhua tus. Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua qhov nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw nrog qhov tob txog 50 cm nrog cov hlau lossis ntoo peg, muab cov chiv rau hauv lawv, thiab tom qab lub qhov, sau nrog lub ntiaj teb. Cov cag lawv tus kheej yuav noj ntau npaum li lawv xav tau.
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, qee cov qoob loo tau muab cov foliar sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws nrog cov extract ntawm superphosphate.
Yog tias cov nroj tsuag muaj cov chiv ntau dhau, lawv cov cag tuaj yeem raug hlawv, yog li ua rau tsis muaj kev loj hlob, tab sis kab mob thiab kev loj hlob qeeb. Cov tsos mob ntawm overdose tej zaum yuav yog xim av me ntsis ntawm cov npoo ntawm nplooj, nkig stems.
Ntau tus neeg ua teb siv tshuaj superphosphate thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum khawb lub vaj lossis teb. Nrog rau daim ntawv thov no, cov tshuaj muaj sij hawm "sib cais" ntawm cov av, uas yuav pab tau cov nroj tsuag tam sim ntawd pib siv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Cov lus qhia siv rau qee cov nroj tsuag
Thaum cog qos yaj ywm, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov chiv zoo dua, tso 3-4 grams hauv txhua qhov.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv superphosphate chiv rau txiv lws suav hais tias nws yuav tsum tau siv thaum cog seedlings txog 20 grams ib Bush. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau ncuav chiv tsis mus rau hauv lub qhov, tab sis mus rau hauv lub recesses ua ib sab ntawm nws hauv av. Txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov hauv paus hniav los ntawm kev kub hnyiab. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog siv superphosphate sib npaug hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg mus rau lub vaj uas koj npaj yuav cog txiv lws suav rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Rau txiv lws suav, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj nrog superphosphate thaum lub sijhawm paj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no: ib teaspoon ntawm granules ib 10 liv dej. Cov tshuaj no yog siv rau hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws. Yog tias koj ua cov tshuaj txau rau nplooj, ces koj yuav tsum tau dilute 10 ml ntawm superphosphate extract hauv 10 liv dej.
Nws muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov dib siv qhov kev npaj no ntau zaus. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws yog nkag mus rau hauv av thaum khawb li txaj. Cov qauv: los ntawm 20 mus rau 30 grams ib square meter. Nrog loj flowering, lub hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws yog tsim, ntxiv 20 grams ib square meter. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening, yog hais tias cov av tsis zoo, lub cucumbers yog noj dua, txau nrog ib tug extract ntawm superphosphate diluted nyob rau hauv dej. Nqe: 10 ml ib thoob.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv superphosphate chiv rau qej hais tias cov qoob loo no tau pub ob zaug nrog kev npaj phosphorus.
Thawj zaug - thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum ntxiv humus, superphosphate thiab ntoo tshauv ntxiv rau lub vaj li 10-15 hnub ua ntej cog. Qhov thib ob hnav khaub ncaws (caij nplooj ntoos hlav) yog nqa tawm siv urea. Yog li ntawd, superphosphate tsis ntxiv. Nws yog siv rau peb noj, thaum qej pib tsim thiab loj hlob taub hau. Cov qauv: rau ib lub thoob dej 2 tablespoons ntawm granulated chiv. Txog 5 litres ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau noj ib square meter.
Nws raug pom zoo kom pub berries thiab ntoo nrog superphosphate nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg kom lawv tau yooj yim dua rau lub caij ntuj no txias. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau ntxiv chiv nyob rau hauv txhua Bush. Norm: 2 tbsp. spoons uas yuav tsum tau muab sib npaug zos rau hauv lub voj voog ze ntawm lub cev, tob 10 cm rau hauv av.
Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog currants thiab raspberries, ces nws yog advisable kom ntxiv humus thiab poov tshuaj ntsev rau superphosphate.
Rau cov txiv apples thiab pear ntoo, nws yog qhov zoo heev rau kev siv ob npaug superphosphate thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 30 grams ib square meter ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tsob ntoo. Yog hais tias plums thiab cherries yog fertilized nyob rau hauv no txoj kev txhua txhua xyoo, ces ib zaug txhua tsib xyoos nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas cov av rau acidity, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pH tsis tshua muaj nqi, txiv qaub av nyob rau hauv cov ntoo trunks.
