Nyob hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntau tsev, siv cov khoom sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, pob zeb slabs yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Qab nthab hauv tsev ua los ntawm lawv ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tsim qauv. Cov khoom siv no tsis yog siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev xwb. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov pob zeb hauv pem teb tso cai rau lawv siv rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev sib txuas, cov kab rau engineering systems.
Ntau yam
pob zeb hauv pem teb slabs raug cais raws li cov qauv sib txawv. Ntawm lawv:
- Hom pob zeb. Boards tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ntom, lub teeb, hnyav, silicate compositions.
- khoom siv sab hauv. Cov pob zeb hauv pem teb yog cov khoom (khoom) lossis hollow (ntau-hollow).
- Thickness, dav thiab ntev. Cov kev cai tswj hwm tau teeb tsa hauv GOSTs.
- Txoj kev leaning ntawm crossbars lossis phab ntsa thauj khoom. Qhob pem teb slabs tuaj yeem cantilevered (cov khoom zoo li no yog siv rau hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm canopies thiab balconies), beamed (ntawm ob sab),3-4 sab.
- Section profile. Raws li qhov kev ntsuas no, beveled, rectangular, ribbed slabs muab faib.
- Kev tsim khoom. Cov phaj yog prefabricated thiab monolithic.
- Kev siv tshuab. Cov khoom tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev vibration, casting, nruam txoj kev.
- Txoj kev txhawb zog. Slabs muaj nyob rau hauv prestressed, tsis tu ncua, tsis-stressed.
Nuances
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm hollow qhob pem teb slabs, ntxiv dag zog rau lub zog, sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom monolithic. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias hollow slabs tuaj yeem tiv taus tsawg dua, lawv tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov plag tsev. Vim cov voids, qhov hnyav ntawm cov pob zeb hauv pem teb slab yog txo qis thiab, raws li, qhov load ntawm phab ntsa. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv yog li no nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab tsawg.
Voids nyob raws qhov ntev ntawm cov pob zeb hauv pem teb. Ntxiv mus, nws qhov taw qhia tsis tuaj yeem ib txwm siab dua qhov dav. Rau ib qho kev txhawb nqa ntawm 4 sab, qhov ntev yog suav tias yog qhov kev npaj me me. Hauv lwm cov khoom, nws yuav yog sab uas tsis dag ntawm cov qauv txhawb nqa.
Txhim kho mesh
Nws yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv dag zog. Lub reinforcing mesh ho nce tus nqi ntawm daim hlau. Cov kev daws teeb meem muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov pas hlau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig, yog li lawv tsis raug cuam tshuam rau corrosion.
Metal contributes rau preservation ntawm pob zeb solidity. Nws coj lub nrancab. Tsis muaj hlau reinforcement nyob rau hauv pob zeb hauv pem teb slabs. Raws li, lawv yog cov qis dua rau cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog raws li lub zog.
Monolithic slabs
Cov khoom siv pob zeb muaj zog tuaj yeem muaj cov duab sib txawv. Lawv cov ncej yog txuam nrog cov qauv ntawm lub tsev thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb nrog nws. Qhov no txo cov thickness ntawm phab ntsa thiab noj cov pob zeb mortar. Tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog li txo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv monolithic muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Lawv yog cov hauv qab no:
- Lub sijhawm kho cov pob zeb hauv cov khoom lag luam no ntev heev.
- Rau qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm monolithic slabs, formwork yuav tsum tau.
Prefabricated reinforced pob zeb thiab pob zeb hauv pem teb slabs txo cov sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub tsev, raws li lawv tau xa mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev txuag nyiaj ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Rau cov tsev ntawm ib qho yooj yim configuration, nws yog tsim nyog los siv prefabricated slabs.
Tshwj xeeb siv cov pas hlau
pob zeb hauv pem teb slabs nrog kev txhawb zog siab yog tsim los ua ib qho-los yog kev ntxhov siab. Ua ntej concreting, cov pas nrig yog ncab ntawm cov qauv sib txawv: matrices, lub rooj zaum nres, molding pallets.
Thaum tau txais lub zog, cov rog raug xa mus rau qhov kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv cov channel hauv lub cev ntawm cov qauv lossis hauv cov grooves nyob rau sab nraud.
Qhov adhesion ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog muab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion los yog tshuaj. Hollow slabstau ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, tsis hais lawv qhov loj npaum li cas.
khoom puv lub cev
Cov slabs siv rau cov plag tsev nruab nrab yog tsim raws li GOST 12767-94.
Nws tsim nyog hais tias cov khoom siv no yog siv hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse tsis tshua muaj neeg, vim lawv qhov hnyav. Cov phaj zoo li no yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb thaum lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab yuav tsum nyob hauv cov qauv.
Parameters
Kev faib cov khoom slabs yog ua raws li txoj kev txhawb nqa:
- 2 sab – 2PD – 6PD.
- Ntawm 3 sab - 3 Fri - 6 Fri.
- Ntawm 4 sab - 1P - 6P.
Lub thickness ntawm cov pob zeb hauv pem teb yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov cim:
- 100 mm – 1;
- 120 mm - 2;
- 140 mm - 3;
- 160 mm - 4;
- 180 mm - 5;
- 200 mm – 6.
Cov khoom qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev npaj yog:
- Length – 3-6.6m;
- Dav - 1, 2-6, 6 m.
Requirements
Raws li lub xeev tus qauv, cov pob zeb muaj zog yuav tsum muaj:
- Cov khoom tsim los yog cov khoom sib txuas ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rebar outlets. Lawv yog tsim los rau docking nrog hlau thiab reinforced pob zeb qhov chaw ntawm tus ncej.
- Los ntawm cov channel. Lawv siv los khiav hluav taws xob los yog lwm cov tes hauj lwm.
- Txoj hlua khi.
Cov qauv tsim cov qauv ntsuas ntsuas ntawm Frost tsis kam thiab dej tsis kam ntawm daim hlau, zoo thiablub zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau cov hlau rods. Yuav tsum tsis muaj pob zeb overflows ntawm cov khoom embedded. Cov pin txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob raug mob.
Kev saib xyuas kuj tau them rau qhov pom ntawm cov khoom. Yuav tsum tsis muaj chips, tawg, sib sib zog nqus dab dej ntawm lub phaj.
khoom ntau hollow
Lawv yog qhov txawv ntawm lub suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev, tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity, hnyav hnyav thiab tus nqi pheej yig. Ob qhov chaw ntawm lub phaj yog pem hauv ntej. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, ib tug ua rau pem teb ntawm lub Upper pem teb, lub thib ob - lub qab nthab ntawm lub qis.
Kev tsim cov phiaj xwm no yog ua raws li cov qauv ntawm GOST 9561-91. Lub xeev tus qauv muab kev faib cov khoom rau hauv pawg hauv qab no:
- Nrog cov voids, txhawb 2 sab - PC, ntawm 3 sab - PKT, ntawm 4 - PKK.
- Produced by Formless Continuous Moulding - PB.
- Nrog pear-zoo li voids txhawb 2 sab - PG.
Thickness ntawm ntau cov khoom hollow 160-300 mm. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog qhov loj ntawm 220 mm. Lub qhov tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv (114-203 mm). Nws nyob ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub phaj. Khoom ntev 2.4-12 m, dav - 1-6.6 m.
Nyob rau hauv cov slabs no, xws li nyob rau hauv hollow ones, yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus ntxiv piav saum toj no. Rau kev txhawb nqa, qhov kawg tau muab ntim nrog cov cement mortar lossis lwm txoj kev muab los ntawm cov qauv siv.
ribbed daim hlau
Lawv feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse. Stiffening tavmuab siab tsis kam mus rau mechanical puas. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom zoo li no yog qhov tsis zoo nkauj.
Raws li lub hom phiaj, cov phiaj tuaj yeem txuas nrog tav toj lossis nqis. Raws li txoj cai, qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog ntau. Cov phaj yog ua raws li GOSTs. Rau cov khoom uas muaj qhov siab ntawm 400 hli, Lub Xeev Standard 27215-87 siv, rau cov khoom prestressed nrog qhov siab ntawm 300 hli - tus qauv 21506-87.
Lub teeb lossis hnyav pob zeb tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ribbed slabs. Cov khoom siv:
- Hauv chav tsis muaj cua sov thiab cua sov, sab nraum zoov.
- Ntawm qhov kub ntawm -40 txog +50 deg. Qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv yog tias muaj kev xav tau ntxiv.
- Nyob rau thaj chaw uas kwv yees seismicity txog 9 ntsiab lus.
- Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj roj tsawg, nruab nrab lossis tsis ua phem.
Kev faib tawm ntawm ribbed slabs yog ua raws li txoj kev txhawb nqa ntawm crossbars:
- Nyob hauv txee - 1P.
- Nyob saum beam - 2P.
Tib lub sijhawm, 1P daim phiaj muaj 8 tus qauv loj, thiab 2P - ib qho. Qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub yog 5.05 thiab 5.55, thiab qhov dav txawv ntawm 0.74 mus rau 2.985 m. Ribbed daim hlau 2P muaj tus qauv loj ntawm 5.95x1.485 meters.
cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj nyob rau hauv peb qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Lawv txawv ntawm cov duab thiab dav. Qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov qauv 5, 65 meters. Dav P1 - 2, 985, P2 - 1, 485, P3 - 0, 935 meters.
Nyob rau hauv kev cai lij chojcov ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev txhawb nqa cov tuav, pob zeb thiab cov khoom tiav feem ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj peev xwm kam rau ua tau qhia. Cov tuam txhab ua vaj tse pob zeb yuav tsum ua raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau.
Zaj lus
pob zeb slabs tam sim no suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tshaj plaws. Ua nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas raws li tag nrho cov kev cai thiab raws li cov qauv, lawv yog cov txhim khu kev qha, ruaj, nyab xeeb. Lawv tau ua tiav siv tsis yog rau kev tsim kho vaj tsev tsev thiab cov tsev lag luam. Pob zeb slabs feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov tsev ntiav qis.
pob zeb slabs tuaj yeem siv rau qhov kub thiab txias, hauv huab cua hnyav. Ib qho ntawm lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa. Prefabricated slabs yog mounted sai txaus nrog me ntsis zog. Lawv qhov loj me ua rau nws tuaj yeem npog thaj tsam loj ntawm cov qauv hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Kev nyuaj yuav tshwm sim nrog kev xa khoom mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho. Rau kev thauj mus los, cov tsheb tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm nqa tau siab yog siv. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo, lub zog thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb raug ntxiv rau cov kev daws teeb meem.
