Tus nqi them rau lub tsev rau txhua lub hom phiaj feem ntau nce mus txog 50% ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub tsev nyob ib txwm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab vaj tse nyob.
Hloov cov plag tsev yog qhov kim kim thiab siv sijhawm ntau. Hais txog tus nqi, nws nce mus txog 20% ntawm tus nqi ib zaug rau kev tsim kho dua tshiab. Cov haujlwm no suav nrog ntau yam kev ntsuas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm lub qab nthab thiab ib tus neeg.
Txoj kev txhim kho hauv pem teb txhais li cas
Kev siv zog rau hauv pem teb slabs yuav cuam tshuam txog kev txo cov load thiab muab kev ntseeg siab rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Qhov hla ntawm cov kabmob cov kabmob yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv hauv qhov no. Cov qauv tsim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau hloov.
Txoj kev kho dua tshiab thiab ntxiv dag zog tuaj yeem suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov npoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Tus qauv tsim yog rov xam raws li cov qauv tshiab, uas coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv pem teb. Kev poob qis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 40%. Cov qauv yuav raug overloaded. Ua li no, hnyav backfills thiab lubricants tau hloov mus rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub uas txo tus kheej qhov hnyav hauv pem teb. Hauv qhov no, hnav ntawm theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 60%.
ntsuas ntxiv
Txhim kho hauv pem teb slabs tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov nce hauv ntu ntawm cov khoom siv. Manipulations koom nrog txuas ntxiv cov ntsiab lus rau ntu uas twb muaj lawm. Cov nodes yuav coj ib feem ntawm lub load. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm reinforced pob zeb pem teb, clips yog ntsia, nrog rau cov hlau clamps. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, xws li ntxiv no kuj hu ua lub tsho.
Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus
Txhim kho hauv pem teb slabs qee zaum nrog kev suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tshiab hauv kev ua haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, kab teeb uas sawv ntawm kev txhawb nqa tau nqa tuaj. Lawv raug ntsia nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm. Cov txheej txheem tshiab tuaj yeem nqa cov khoom thauj ib nrab lossis tag nrho. Cov qauv txheej txheem tuaj yeem hloov pauv kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj. Kev siv zog raug xa rov qab, qee qhov kev ncua raug txo.
Siv kev txhawb nqa
Qee zaum kev txhawb nqa ntxiv tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa. Kev hnav yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm 40 mus rau 60%. Kev txhim kho hauv pem teb slabs siv cov cuab yeej no tau nthuav tawm hauv kev hloov pauvbeams rau ib ncua sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug multi-span nruam qauv. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem koom nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov hlau nplaum prestressed thiab puffs, uas yuav tsum tau prestressed.
Txhim kho ntawm monolithic thiab prefabricated slabs
Monolithic slabs tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev siv tshuab txuas ntxiv. Ib qho ntxiv slab yog concreted tshaj qhov uas twb muaj lawm. Cov kev txhawb nqa tau nruab rau hauv daim ntawv hlau lossis monolithic reinforced pob zeb kab teeb.
Cov pob zeb pob zeb hauv pem teb tuaj yeem ua pob zeb ua ntej. Cov qauv zoo li no yog hollow thiab ntxiv dag zog siv tag nrho cov voids tib yam. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam channel, ib lub txee yog xuas nrig ntaus los ntawm saum toj no, qhov twg lub pob tawb yog ntsia. Kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm qhov txhawb nqa ntawm lub slab. Hauv qhov no, cov thav duab yuav nyob ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov kev ncua. Qee lub sij hawm muaj kev xav tau kev txhawb nqa raws li qhov chaw inclined thiab ib txwm muaj. Cov thav ntawv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav nyob raws tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub phaj.
Thaum ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob zeb hauv pem teb siv cov cuab yeej no, cov channel tau ntim nrog cov tshuaj yas, kaw rau ntawm pob zeb zoo. Lub slab yuav tsum tau muab xam nrog rau hauv tus account lub reinforcement. Yog tias txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua nrog ntau qhov hollow prefabricated slab, ces cov channel tuaj yeem ua monolithic. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv thaum muaj cov kab nrib pleb ntawm cov voids, thiab yog tias tsim nyog los ua kom cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm cov qauv.
Kev npaj
Cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog ntxiv dag zog raws li qee qhov algorithm. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau ua ntej ntxuav ntawm cov khoom hauv pem teb. Ib qho furrow yog ua raws cov slab, qhov dav uas tuaj yeem ua tauyuav sib npaug li 70 mus rau 100 mm. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau tshuab nrog compressed cua. Tom ntej no, lub zog txhawb nqa tawb taw qhia vertically yog ntsia. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsim nyog rau nruab ib lub zog mesh. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yuav yog qhov chaw ntawm lub lighthouse rails. Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem nteg pob zeb nrog compaction.
Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm hauv qab nrog cov hlau sib txuas, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom txhawb nqa ntawm cov flooring thiab panels. Reinforced qhob beam ceilings tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab cov kab hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, sprengels yog siv rau qhov no, uas nyob ntawm ob sab ntawm kab teeb. Los ntawm hauv qab no, cov ntsiab lus no tau rub ua ke los ua kom lawv nruj thiab pab kom lawv ua haujlwm.
Siv Sprengel
Yog tias koj ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob zeb hauv pem teb los ntawm kev sib tw nruj ntawm sprengel, qhov no yuav tsis tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig xav tau, uas yuav ua rau pob zeb tawg ntawm sab ntsej muag ntawm cov nqaj. Vim li no, cov sprengels tau siv niaj hnub no, uas tau ua raws qhov ntev thiab ncab hauv qhov kev taw qhia longitudinal.
lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem
Txhim kho yuav siv tau yog tias koj siv cov saw hlau hinged. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem muab piv rau hauv cov xwm txheej rau kev txhawb nqa nrog sprengels. Cov kev sib txuas yuav hinged. Nyob rau hauv cov saw, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua cov nodes nruab nrab, tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas yuav nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub nqaj. Txoj kev no ntawm kev txhawb nqa hauv pem teb slabs suav nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov hangers ntawm ntau sab ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob reinforced. Kev sib txuas yog tsim los ntawm hauv qab no.
Thaum cov saw yog tensed, lubnruab nrab suspension tension. Rau kev ua kom zoo ib yam, qee zaum nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau qhov kev sim ua kom nruj cov kev ncua. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev tshem tawm lossis qhov kev txhawb nqa tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev coj mus rau hauv tus account lub zog tiag tiag. Yog tias koj tau xaiv tus qauv tsim, ces koj tuaj yeem txhim kho nws txoj haujlwm los ntawm kev nqa cov channel hauv qab kev ncua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nruab tense clamps ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub beam. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ncua tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov kab hauv ob sab phlu. Nyob rau theem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm qhov compression ntawm cov pob zeb hauv qab cov hangers, thaum lub clamps yuav txhawb nqa lub nqaj los ntawm lub zog shear.
YSiv carbon fiber
Txhim kho pem teb slabs nrog carbon fiber yog cov txheej txheem tshiab rau Russia, uas yog thawj zaug siv hauv xyoo 1998. Cov thev naus laus zis muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua cov khoom siv muaj zog rau saum npoo, uas siv ib feem ntawm kev siv zog, ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm lub caij. Cov nplaum nplaum yog cov khoom siv nplaum raws li epoxy resins lossis ntxhia binders.
Yog tias koj xav tau los txhawb cov hollow core slabs, koj tuaj yeem xav txog cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab cov neeg kho tshuab uas siab heev. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los ua kom cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm cov qauv yam tsis tau poob lub ntim ntim ntawm chav tsev. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev yuav tsis raug nce ntxiv, vim tias qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom siv txhawb nqa nws txawv ntawm 1 txog 5 hli.
Carbon fiber yog cov khoom siv, tsis yog cov khoom tiav. Cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim los ntawm nws los ntawm hom kab sib chaws, lamellas thiab carbon tapes. Txheej slabs (GOST28042-2013) tau txhawb nqa los ntawm gluing carbon fiber nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov cheeb tsam muaj kev ntxhov siab tshaj plaws. Qhov no feem ntau yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov span nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov qauv. Manipulations tso cai rau kom muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm khoov lub sijhawm.
Yuav daws cov teeb meem tau piav qhia, koj tuaj yeem siv ntau hom khoom siv carbon. Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog kab teeb, ces lawv tau ntxiv dag zog rau hauv qhov chaw txhawb nqa, qhov uas nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov kabmob muaj peev xwm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no uas transverse rog ua. Hauv cov lus piav qhia, U-shaped clamps hauv daim ntawv nplaum yog siv.
Lamels thiab tapes yog qee zaum siv ua ke, vim tias txoj kev ntawm lawv cov kev teeb tsa zoo sib xws. Tab sis yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv carbon mesh, qhov no yuav tshem tawm kev siv cov lamellas thiab tapes, vim tias koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm ntub dej.
Txheej slabs, GOST uas tau hais los saum toj no, tau ntxiv dag zog siv thev naus laus zis uas muab rau kev kos cov qauv ntawm thawj theem. Nws yuav tsim nyog los piav qhia txog cov cheeb tsam uas cov khoom txhawb nqa yuav nyob. Cov cheeb tsam no yog tshem tawm cov khoom tiav, cement laitance thiab muaj kuab paug. Koj yuav tsum ncav cuag ib coarse pob zeb aggregate. Ua li no, siv lub kaum sab xis los yog dej sandblaster.
Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv nrog cov khoom txhawb nqa yuav nyob ntawm seb koj npaj lub hauv paus zoo npaum li cas. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau theem ntawm kev npaj, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov chaw yog txawm, nws lub zog thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus, raws li zoo raws li tsis muaj plua plav thiab pa phem. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tsis yogdamp, thiab qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tsis pub dhau qhov kev txwv. Cov khoom siv carbon tau raug npaj. Lawv tau muab ntim rau hauv polyethylene. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov kev sib cuag ntawm cov khoom nrog cov plua plav, uas yog ntau heev tom qab sib tsoo pob zeb. Txwv tsis pub, cov ntsiab lus tsis tuaj yeem raug impregnated nrog ib daim ntawv khi.
Koj yuav tsum tau npog thaj chaw ua haujlwm nrog polyethylene, nrog rau nws yooj yim rau unwind cov khoom siv carbon rau qhov ntev uas xav tau. Koj tuaj yeem siv rab riam, lub kaum sab xis lossis txiab hlau thaum txiav.
Xaim ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ua ntej kev txhawb nqa
Kev txheeb xyuas suav nrog hauv kev sib piv cov rog hauv cov ntsiab lus nrog lawv lub peev xwm. Ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab lub zog tiag tiag hauv ntu. Dimensions, nruj, tus nqi, qhov chaw thiab qhov xwm ntawm lub load yog coj raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas. Nyob rau theem kawg, cov lus xaus tau kos thiab cov lus pom zoo rau kev ntxiv dag zog.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov qauv thiab kev txhawb zog yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Cov txiaj ntsig no raug coj los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, uas yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai. Qhov chaw hla ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nws txo qis vim corrosion. Thaum ua cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, koj yuav tsum ua qhov kev suav zoo li qub. Khoov thiab torsional moments, transverse thiab longitudinal rog yuav tsum tau txiav txim, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntsiab lus tsim los ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas.
Thaum muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm kev ncua thiab kev txhawb nqa lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog uas nyob rau hauv lub nqaj ntu cov lej ntawm lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm thiab qhov sib faib ntawm lub sijhawm txhawb nqa yog sib npaug rau lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab nqaj.. Qhov kev txiav txim siab notuaj yeem hais tau raws li hauv qab no: l a M l b M0=М pr + M A + B, (1.14). Ntawm no M0 yog lub sijhawm khoov tau txiav txim siab rau ib qho kev ncua ntev; tab sis M pr yog lub sijhawm bending span, coj mus rau hauv tus account deformations. Cov ntawv luv M A thiab M B qhia txog lub sijhawm siv hauv daim duab. Whereas a, b yog kauj ruam mus rau ntu ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis txhawb nqa. Qhov ntev ntawm no yog txhais los ntawm tsab ntawv l.
