Cov khoom siv kho lub ru tsev yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai uas twb muaj lawm. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog lawv cov tsos, tab sis kuj ua haujlwm zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev niaj hnub yuav tsum ntseeg tau los tiv thaiv cov qauv los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, los ntawm cua, nag, daus thiab lwm yam nag lossis daus. Puas muaj cov khoom siv vov tsev zoo dua? Wb sim saib ntxiv.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv vov tsev nyob hauv khw niaj hnub no. Txheej txheej yog cais raws li tus yam ntxwv. Hauv qhov no, thaum xaiv cov khoom siv vov tsev, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab:
- Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev. Cov qauv tuaj yeem yog thaj chaw, kev lag luam, kev lag luam, tsev neeg. Raws li qhov no, coatings nrog qee yam khoom raug xaiv. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv vov tsev rau lub ru tsev ru tsev yuav tsis zoo li lub tsev nyob.
- hnub kwv yeeskev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov qauv tag nrho.
- Ua raws li cov khoom siv vov tsev nrog rau qhov seem ntawm lub ru tsev.
- Complexity ntawm installation thiab tom qab tu.
- Ua raws li kev xav tam sim no.
- Noise-insulating thiab tshav kub-txuag khoom.
Kev faib tawm tseem ceeb
Cov txheej txheem muab faib ua:
- Hav.
- Lub teeb.
- Muaj / tsis muaj qhov dej tsis muaj dej.
- Lwm yam.
Cov kws tshaj lij ceeb toom tias tsis muaj cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb thiab zoo tagnrho, raws li, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau "zoo tagnrho". Txawm li cas los xij, cov hauv qab no yog ib qho tseem ceeb: cov khoom siv vov tsev yuav tsum phim lub russ system thiab lwm yam ntawm cov qauv thiab cov qauv tag nrho.
Cov txheej txheem txheej
Raws li qhov ntsuas no, cov khoom siv vov tsev ntawm lub ru tsev tuaj yeem yog:
- Mineral.
- Metal.
- YOrganic.
Nyob rau hauv ntau hom khoom ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pawg tom kawg tau nthuav tawm. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, shingles thiab straw yog nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic npog. Cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev niaj hnub ntawm hom no tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 5-7 txog 25-30 xyoo. Cov no suav nrog, tshwj xeeb, bitumen-polymer, polymer thiab bituminous txheej. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheej no yog qhov tsis ruaj khov rau cov pa oxygen thiab UV rays. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej no, cov ntaub ntawv hnav sai sai, qee qhov yuav rot. Tag nrho cov organic coatings yog combustible. me ntsisme me yog qhov ntau ntawm cov ntxhia (lawv kuj hu ua "pob zeb") cov ntaub ntawv. Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, slate vuas thiab ceramic vuas tau tshwm sim hauv pawg no. Niaj hnub no, ntau cov txheej txheem niaj hnub tau tshwm sim. Tshwj xeeb, cov no yog asbestos-cement nplooj ntawv (slate) thiab cement-xuab zeb vuas. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj zog dua cov organic. Mineral coatings yog resistant rau UV rays thiab tsis tshua muaj kev lwj. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, lawv tsis zam qhov kub thiab txias hloov tau zoo heev. Hlau txheej muaj xws li cov ntaub ntawv. Tooj, zinc, hlau yog siv los ua raw khoom. Galvanization, piv nrog rau lwm cov txheej hauv pawg no, tsis yog qhov ruaj khov. Nws lub neej kev pabcuam tsis yog ntau tshaj 50 xyoo. Tab sis tooj liab thiab zinc txheej tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 100 xyoo.
Lwm yam kev faib tawm
Cov ntaub ntawv rau cov vov tsev tuaj yeem yog:
- Metal ca los yog profiled.
- YBitumen-fibrous (bitumen impregnated hluavtaws fiber ntau).
- Asbestos-cement (cov pobzeb hlau, ondulin thiab lwm yam).
- Colored polymer (slate).
Khoom siv rau lub ru tsev mos tuaj yeem yog:
- Rolled (iav, vov tsev xav thiab nws cov kev hloov kho).
- Zaj duab xis (roj hmab thiab polymer daim nyias nyias).
- Daim (natural slate, pobzeb, mos suav nrog).
- YMastics (bitumen thiab polymer).
Txawm li cas los xij, kev faib tawm tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov xwm txheej, txij li,Piv txwv li, qee cov ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv tsuas yog qhov loj.
Slate
Cov khoom siv vov tsev no ib txwm xav tau. Ib qho zoo ntawm cov txheej txheej yog nws tus nqi qis. Portland cement thiab luv-fiber asbestos yog siv los ua ib feem ntawm slate. Thawj cov khoom muaj 85%, qhov thib ob - 15%. Tom qab hardening, ib tug reinforcing mesh ntawm asbestos fiber yog tsim. Nws imparts tensile zog thiab toughness. Slate txheej yog ruaj thiab hluav taws kub. European analogues ntawm cov khoom siv tau ntev dua, vim tias lawv muaj cov khoom siv hlau profiled. Cov neeg tsim khoom nco txog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tso thiab rhuav tshem slate. Rau kev kho, tshwj xeeb cov ntsia hlau lossis ntsia hlau yog siv. Cov hnab looj tes mos yog siv los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheej ntawm cov ntsiab lus txuas. Ib qho ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm slate yog qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv nws tsuas yog ntawm cov qauv pitched. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm atmospheric nag lossis daus, microcracks tshwm rau saum npoo. Thaum dej nkag mus rau hauv lawv, qhov kev puas tsuaj loj dua, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm txheej txheej. Txhawm rau ua kom lub neej kev pab cuam thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo nkauj, slate nplooj ntawv yog coated nrog cov xim muaj pes tsawg leeg thaum tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, ib txheej tiv thaiv yog tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw. Ua tsaug rau nws, slate kav ib thiab ib nrab sij hawm ntev dua, thiab tso tawm asbestos rau hauv qhov chaw tsis tshua muaj zog.
Fiber Bitumen Sheet
Cov khoom siv lub ru tsev no muaj ntau duaLub npe yog "Euroslate". Nws yog ib qho analogue ntawm txheej txheej tau piav qhia saum toj no. Euroslate belongs rau qeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub npe nrov rau cov txheej no yog ondulin (raws li lub npe nrov). Cov duab ntawm cov nplooj ntawv zoo ib yam li slate. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm ondulin yog nws yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj zog dua. Lub npog yog lub teeb yuag. Qhov no tso cai rau koj tso rau ntawm lub ru tsev yam tsis tau tshem tawm cov khoom qub thiab tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa lub russ. Cov nplooj ntawv Euroslate muaj peev xwm tiv taus cua daj cua dub thiab daus. Lwm qhov analogue yog txheej txheej, hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv polymer homogeneous. Los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm extrusion yog siv. Tsis tas li nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim, cov nplooj ntawv yog corrugated. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej no yog lub zog, lub teeb yuag, hluav taws kub tsis kam, tiv thaiv acid thiab alkaline ib puag ncig, kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig, ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo thiab kav ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm lub ru tsev nrog txoj kab nqes tsawg kawg yog 15%.
txheej txheej tshiab
Hnub no, cov khoom siv rau cov vov tsev yog nrov heev. Hauv kev tsim cov duab los qhia lossis lwm yam khoom siv tsis-rotten yog siv. Tshwj xeeb, fiberglass, polyester lossis fiberglass yog siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Lawv raug them nrog cov ntshiab bitumen los yog tov nrog polymer. Cov npog no yog categorized li:
- SBS-modified. Lawv muaj tsawg kawg yog 10-12% ntawm cov khoom siv polymer. Cov txheej txheej zoo li no yog elastic heev txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias.
- APP-hloov kho. Lawv muajlos ntawm 25% polymer tivthaiv. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no yog cov cua sov resistant.
Cov khoom siv los ntawm qeb thib ob yog siv feem ntau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua kub, los ntawm thawj zaug - nyob rau hauv huab cua ntawm Russia.
Yooj yim bituminous yob txheej
Cov no suav nrog ntau yam khoom siv vov tsev, uas yog raws li daim duab los qhia, metalloizol, foilizol thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm hydro- thiab vapor barriers. Pitched thiab tiaj ru tsev yog them nrog vov tsev thiab hauv ob sab phlu khoom. Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheej zoo li no yuav tsum raug suav tias yog lawv lub neej kev pabcuam luv luv - tsis pub ntau tshaj tsib xyoos. Cov ntaub ntawv yob yog cov rhiab heev rau atmospheric phenomena. Lawv tsis zam qhov kub thiab txias, UV rays thiab nag lossis daus. Ntau tus nrhiav kev txuag nyiaj thiab yuav cov kev pab them nqi ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab xws li kev pheej yig pib yuav ua rau cov nqi nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov ntawv ci yog cov zoo dua: metalloizol thiab foilizol.
Advanced coatings
Thaum npaj cov txheej txheej sab saud thiab sab hauv lub ru tsev, nrog rau thaum tso cov dej tsis zoo, yob cov ntaub ntawv raws li fiberglass, polyester lossis fiberglass yog siv. Ntawm lawv, piv txwv li, nws tsim nyog sau cia rubestek, bikrost, linocrom, rubemast, iav me ntsis. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tau siv rau ntawm cov vaj tsev tiaj tus thiab pitched (nrog rau txoj kab nqes mus txog 25%). Yog tias txoj kab nqes ntau dua, tom qab qhov kub siab, cov khoom siv yuav swb tawm ntawm lub ru tsev. Raumastic yog siv los kho cov coatings. Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov xav tau rau ntau txheej txheej txheej siv pob zeb thiab pob zeb chips. Feem ntau, kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov txheej yog li 15 xyoo.
Pawg no suav nrog cov vuas, cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj thiab cov ntaub ntawv hlau rau kev vov tsev (ib daim duab ntawm qee qhov piv txwv tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus). Cov txheej zoo li no feem ntau yog muab tso rau ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab thiab lub duav nrog txoj kab nqes loj. Cov khoom siv hauv pawg no suav nrog cov vuas luaj ceramic, shingles thiab slate slate. Cov tom kawg yog qhov txawv ntawm nws cov durability thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Lub shingle yog ib tug ntoo plank nrog grooves thiab ib tug wedge-shaped cross section. Lawv muab tso rau hauv ob peb txheej. Ceramic vuas yog suav hais tias yog "thaum ub" txheej. Cov khoom no yog qhov txawv ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, durability (kev pabcuam lub neej yog ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo), nrog rau cov yam ntxwv zoo. Niaj hnub no, peb hom vuas siv hauv kev tsim kho:
- Grooved. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov tso ntawm sab sauv thiab qis kab yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv opposite sab. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov nyhuv grooved.
- Groove. Xws li ib txheej yog nteg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "plhaub". Txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntsiab lus rau ib leeg, kev sib txuas xauv yog siv.
- Paj. Nws tseem hu ua "beaver tail". Thaum lub sij hawm kev teeb tsa, lub ntsiab lus sab sauv npog qhov sib koom ntawm ob sab qis.
Tseem muaj cement-xuab zebcov nplais. Hauv nws qhov chaw tsim khoom, quartz xuab zeb, hlau oxide pigments thiab Portland cement yog siv. Cov txheej no tsis ploj mus rau lub hnub ncaj qha, muaj lub zog siab thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv yog fireproof, muaj suab zoo rwb thaiv tsev thiab thermal conductivity tsawg. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau nteg lub txheej ntawm lub ru tsev pitched. Kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm tes yam tsis muaj kev koom nrog pab pawg tshwj xeeb.
Metal
Hnub no cov khoom no yog cov khoom siv tshaj plaws. Qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau txheej muaj xws li kev nyiam huv, lub zog siab, hluav taws kub tsis kam thiab qhov hnyav. Ntawm cov minuses, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov cuam tshuam rau corrosion, zoo cua sov thiab suab conductivity. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom, ob daim ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv raw yog siv: steel, duralumin, tooj liab thiab gilded daim hlau, stamped hlau vuas. Rau lub installation ntawm txheej, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los koom nrog cov kws tshaj lij. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub no yog galvanized thiab hlau los xij. Lawv tau them nrog txheej tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau ntawm tooj liab, titanium thiab zinc, uas tiv thaiv corrosion.
