Nyob rau yav dhau los tsis ntev los no, qee qhov txwv ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev muaj nyob rau ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Nws tau sawv cev los ntawm slate, steel ntawv thiab galvanization. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv: tam sim no nws tsis yooj yim rau cov neeg yuav khoom xaiv cov khoom siv vov tsev rau lub ru tsev, vim muaj kev sib tw loj ntawm kev ua lag luam, thiab qhov ntau tau nthuav dav heev.
Txoj Cai Xaiv
Txhua yam khoom muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo nws txawv ntawm lwm tus.
Cov khoom siv vov tsev rau lub ru tsev hauv qee qhov yuav tsum tau sib txawv. Cov txheej txheem rau nws xaiv yog raws li nram no:
- Kev ua haujlwm raws li kev cia siab (yuav tsum thauj khoom). Txhawm rau xam nws, coj qhov hnyav ntawm lub ru tsev nrog tag nrho nws cov ntsiab lus (rafters, battens, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab lwm yam). Cov xwm txheej huab cua hauv cheeb tsam kuj raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, tshwj xeeb, qhov ntsuas nruab nrab ntawm cua zog thiab nag lossis daus (qhov hnyav ntawm cov daus npog).
- Architectural solution. Cov qauv tsim tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab cov duab ntawm lub ru tsev, raws li cov khoom tsim nyog rau lub ru tsev yog xaiv. Piv txwv li, yog tias txiav txim siab siv cov vuas luaj ceramic, ces tus kws tsim qauv yuav tsum ua raws li lub ru tsev nqes hav ntawm 30-35 degrees. Cov xwm txheej no yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom no.
- Lub neej, hluav taws kub. Cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yuav tsum raug xaiv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev, kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, rau kev tsim kho vaj tse, tsis tas yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev rau lub ru tsev, uas yog kim heev.
Durability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev muaj lub sijhawm lav, uas tsuas yog siv tau yog tias ua raws li kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis. Hauv kev xyaum, lub sijhawm ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm yog ob peb zaug ntev dua. Tsis muaj kev kho, lawv muaj cov kev pabcuam hauv qab no:
- bituminous corrugated nplooj - 15-25 xyoo;
- asbestos-cement slabs (slate) - 30-40 xyoo;
- pobzeb hlau - 30-50 xyoo;
- pobzeb mos - 30-50 xyoo;
- seam ru tsev - mus txog 50 xyoo;
- profiling - mus txog 50 xyoo;
- natural tiles - mus txog 100 xyoo;
- slate roofing - 150-200 xyoo.
Muaj ntau cov khoom zoo sib xws hauv khw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv vov tsev rau lub ru tsev muaj lub zog txaus, durability thiab huab cua tsis zoo. Nws yog to taub raws li tsis kam mus rau hnyav frosts, huab cua acidity, corrosion, hnub ci hluav taws xob. Kev suav cov khoom siv vov tsev raulub ru tsev tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm nws tus kheej lossis nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv dav dav, nws cheeb tsam tau muab faib los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov khoom siv. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, nws cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau suav.
YCeramic Vuas
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom siv yog av nplaum, uas tau ua tiav hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1000 degrees, vim nws dhau los ua xim liab-xim av. Ua ntej tua, cov vuas luaj ceramic tuaj yeem npog nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv, ua tsaug rau cov nag lossis daus ntawm huab cua raug tshem tawm ntau dua. Ntawm cov zis, cov pobzeb tau txais nrog qhov loj ntawm 30 x 30 cm thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 2 kg. Cov khoom siv vov tsev rau lub ru tsev no muaj ntau yam subspecies: zoo tib yam, tiaj daim kab xev, ib leeg-yoj, grooved vuas thiab lwm yam. Qhov pom zoo ru tsev nqes hav rau lawv daim ntawv thov yog los ntawm 25-35 mus rau 60 degrees. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov lus qhia no:
- Thaum txoj kab nqes qis dua 22 degrees, nco ntsoov ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho cov dej tsis zoo thiab qhov cua.
- Ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm 22-60 degrees, siv cov txheej txheem fasteners.
- Thaum qhov ntsuas ntsuas siab tshaj 60 degrees, ntxiv cov fasteners yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsia hlau, ntsia hlau.
Ib tus kheej ntawm cov khoom siv sib cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kaw lub kaw lus. Cov pobzeb txuas nrog lub crate ua tsaug rau qhov tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus sab saud ntawm cov khoom yog muab tso rau hauv qis dua, tsim ib txheej txuas ntxiv uas tsis suav nrog kev xau. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, nws lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev kho yog mus txog 100 xyoo. Vuas yog siv rau vov tsev ua los ntawm cib, ntoo lossis pob zeb ntawm txhua lub tsev. Tus nqi ib square meter, raws li txoj cai, nyob ntawm 25 txog 50 las. Thaum siv cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev rau lub ru tsev, tus nqi ntawm qhov tsawg dua, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias lawv qhov zoo yuav tsim nyog.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov vuas:
- tus nqi tu yam tsawg kawg nkaus (kev tu lub qhov dej, zoo li kev kho hauv zos, tsis pub ntau tshaj ib xyoos ib zaug);
- txo suab nrov (lub suab nag yuav luag tsis hnov);
- corrosion resistance;
- tsis yog nplaim taws;
- siab te tsis kam;
- dav xim gamut;
- muaj cov micropores uas tso cai rau lub ru tsev "ua pa". Lawv tso cai rau cov dej noo uas nyob hauv qab lub ru tsev kom evaporate lub sijhawm.
Flaws:
- hnyav hnyav;
- tsis muaj zog;
- kev nyuaj nyuaj nrog cov khoom mounting ntawm cov qauv nyuaj.
Cement-sand vuas
Vim qhov tseeb tias cov vuas luaj ceramic hnyav heev, lawv pom ib qho kev hloov, uas yog cov vuas cement-xuab zeb.
Nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub teeb pom kev zoo tag nrho. Cov khoom siv vov tsev no yog tsim los ntawm cov cement, xuab zeb thiab hlau oxide. Cov tom kawg yog xim xim. Cement-xuab zeb vuas visually xyaum tsis txawv ntawm cov vuas ceramic. Thaum siv nws, txoj kab nqes ntawm lub ru tsev yuav tsum yog 20-60 degrees. Tso cov vuas rau ntawm lub crate kom cov ntsiab lusntawm kab dhau los tau hloov los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lawv qhov dav. Cov ntsia hlau yog siv los ua fasteners, uas tau tsav mus rau hauv qhov ua hauv lub Hoobkas thaum tsim cov vuas.
YDignity:
- resistance rau ib puag ncig cuam tshuam;
- frost resistance.
Flaws:
- massive (thickness - los ntawm 10 mm);
- kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov khoom thaum nws thauj tsis raug (txog 10%).
Cement-xuab zeb vuas kuj tseem siv rau vov tsev ntoo thiab cib ntawm qhov siab sib txawv. Tus nqi khoom yog 10-30 USD / m 2. Nws tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li cov vuas ceramic, thaum nqis peev nyiaj tsawg.
Bitumen vuas
Nws yog cov ntaub fiberglass uas yog coated ntawm ob sab nrog bitumen, ua ib tug zoo li txheej txheej. Kev hnav khaub ncaws pob zeb yog siv rau nws cov txheej sab saud, thiab cov nplaum nplaum nplaum, tsim los rau gluing rau lub ru tsev puag, yog siv rau hauv qab txheej. Cov khoom zoo li no tau muab cais ua "cov ntaub ntawv mos mos rau lub ru tsev".
Ib daim ntawv shingle muaj qhov ntev ntawm 1 m x 30 cm, ntsig txog. Ua tsaug rau nws qhov yooj yim, yuav luag txhua cov duab ntawm lub ru tsev tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Cov khoom siv yog siv rau lub ru tsev nrog txoj kab nqes ntawm ntau tshaj 12 degrees (tsis muaj kev txwv nce mus). Nws yuav tsum tau siv lub txaj pw. Nws tau muab tso rau tag nrho lub ru tsev ntawm lub crate, uas tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm cov plywood waterproof lossis OSB.
Bitumencov vuas feem ntau yog siv los ua kom tiav cov tsev pheeb suab, lub caij ntuj sov cottages, pej xeem vaj tse. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom siv vov tsev rau cov ru tsev ru tsev.
YDignity:
- khoom tsis tawg thaum thauj thiab teeb tsa;
- tsis xeb;
- yuav tsis lwj, tsis lwj;
- nws tuaj yeem ua tau kho sai hauv zos ntawm tus nqi tsawg;
- tsis ua suab nrov thaum nag los nag.
Flaws:
- muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws;
- xav txog cov khoom qib thib ob;
- raug UV teeb;
- tsis tuaj yeem txuas rau lub caij ntuj no.
Metal tile
Nws yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau galvanized nrog cov txheej txheem polymer uas ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim cov khoom siv nrog ntau cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Cov pobzeb hlau zoo sib xws hauv kev ntxhib los mos rau "ceramics", tab sis cov no tsis yog cov vuas me, tab sis tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv steel nrog textured corrugation. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, thiab lawv qhov nruab nrab thickness yog 0.4 hli.
Cov khoom raug pom zoo siv rau ntawm lub ru tsev nrog txoj kab nqes tshaj 15 degrees. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lwm tus, nws sawv tawm rau nws qhov yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa: cov pobzeb hlau txuas nrog lub crate nrog tshwj xeeb vov tsev screws. Nws yog siv rau vov tsev yuav luag txhua lub tsev, los ntawm kiosks mus rau skyscrapers los yog industrial tsev.
Rau ntau, qhov no yog cov khoom siv vov tsev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov nyiaj (nws tus nqi yog 2-3 npaug qis dua ob hom vuas teev saum toj no).
YDignity:
- nrawm nrawm;
- nqi qis; 3-5kg/m
- 2;
- lub zog (tsis puas thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los).
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom muaj xws li nws cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis tshua muaj suab nrov (los nag thiab lawg los nrog lub suab nrov).
Slate
Nws yog cov khoom siv cement, lub zog uas tau nce los ntawm asbestos fiber ntau. Nws muaj 15% luv yoj asbestos thiab 85% Portland cement. Cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nplooj ntawv rectangular nrog wavy corrugation. Lawv sib tshooj ntawm sealing gaskets thiab fastened rau lub crate nrog rau tes. Cov khoom siv vov tsev no ua nws txoj haujlwm zoo thaum lub suab nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 12-60 degrees.
Slate yog siv rau hauv tsev, chav ua noj lub caij ntuj sov thiab lwm lub tsev uas tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Feem ntau nws tsim nyog qhov koj yuav tsum tau txuag nyiaj (1 m 2nqi 2-3 duas). Cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev niaj hnub rau lub ru tsev zoo dua thiab txhim khu kev qha, tab sis lawv cov nqi ntau dua.
YDignity:
- kwv yees siab zog;
- muaj;
- tuaj yeem txiav nrog rab riam.
Cons:
- fragile;
- tsis ntxim;
- tsis zoo;
- accumulates noo noo (thaum lub sij hawm, fungus, moss tshwm rau nws).
Profile decking
Yog cov khoom siv vov tsev yooj yim tshaj plaws. Sawv cev rau cov nplooj ntawv pro-thinned-tawm los ntawm galvanized steel. Cov nthwv dej ntawm lawv tuaj yeem muaj lub trapezoidal, sine-puab lossis sib npaugpuab. Lawv ua kom cov khoom zoo nkauj dua thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev koom nrog nws cov nplooj ntawv.
Rau corrugated board, txoj kab nqes ntawm lub ru tsev yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 10 degrees. Cov khoom yog nteg rau ntawm ib lub crate ua los ntawm cov ntoo siv lub khob iav, uas ua rau kom cov dej tsis zoo. Lawv kho cov corrugated board nrog tus kheej tapping screws.
Cov khoom no, zoo li slate, yog sib tshooj nrog qhov sib tshooj ntawm 200 hli lossis ntau dua. Nws kuj yog siv feem ntau rau kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam (cov chaw tsim khoom, tsev loj).
YDignity:
- easy installation;
- kuj pheej yig;
- lub neej ua haujlwm ntev;
- siab txaus khoov zog.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom muaj xws li nws lub suab qis.
steel seam roof
Nov yog ib daim npog uas ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau du uas tso cai rau dej ntws tawm yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txawm nyob rau qhov chaw me ntsis.
Cov ntawv tuaj yeem ua galvanized, polymer-coated lossis tsis. Txoj kab nqes ntawm lub ru tsev rau vov tsev hlau yuav tsum yog los ntawm 20 degrees. Cov ntsiab lus sib cuam tshuam nrog kev pab ntawm hooks ntawm cov ntawv uas nyob ib sab. Lub seam tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog hu ua ib tug quav, los yog ib tug folded sib koom.
YDignity:
- off;
- muaj qhov ntxim nyiam;
- flexibility;
- qis muaj peev xwm;
- lub teeb - 4-5 kg/m2.
Flaws:
- susceptibility rau mechanical stress;
- lub ru tsev xav tau kev rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv.
ru tsev ua los ntawm cov khoom ntuj
Cov khoom siv vov tsev ntuj muaj xws li straw, reeds, ntoo. Niaj hnub no, lawv siv yog ib qho kev zam rau txoj cai. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib puag ncig no feem ntau yog siv rau cov khw noj mov, tsev so thiab lwm lub tsev lag luam. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev tshiab rau lub ru tsev, tab sis lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kom nyiam cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm, yog li cov kev daws teeb meem tsis zoo muaj qhov zoo dua.
Results
Ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev tuaj yeem ua rau qee yam teeb meem. Tab sis lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsuas yog nrog kev paub tsis txaus. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum kawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau lawv cov nqi ntau, thiab tom qab ntawd xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
