Lub khw niaj hnub no yog oversaturated nrog txhua yam ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw, thiab nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los muab kev nyiam rau ib qho ntawm lawv. Cov kev sim sib piv cov teeb fluorescent thiab LED teeb tau ua pov thawj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kawg. Tab sis rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ncaj ncees, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab suav seb qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov roj tso tawm lub teeb
Hnub kawg rau kev tsim lub teeb fluorescent yog xyoo 1859. Txawm hais tias tus qauv ntawm thawj hnub ci qhov chaw 100 xyoo dhau los tau tsim los ntawm Mikhail Lomonosov. Ib lub khob ntim nrog hydrogen ignited nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob. Cov neeg nto moo xws li Thomas Edison thiab Nikola Tesla, Carl Friedrich Moore thiab Peter Cooper Hewitt tau koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho theem ntawm kev tsim cov teeb tawm.
Txawm li cas los xij, Edmund Germer lub cuab yeej hauv xyoo 1926 tau dhau los ua qhov kev hloov kho zaum kawg ntawm hnub ci. Nws thiab nwsPab neeg no tau npaj txheej txheej iav iav nrog phosphor uas hloov lub teeb ultraviolet mus rau ib qho xim dawb. Tom qab ntawd patent tau yuav los ntawm General Electric Company thiab cov teeb tau muab faib rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv xyoo 1926.
txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev faib tawm
Tsis zoo li LED, hom teeb fluorescent, feem ntau hauv kev tsim khoom, xav tau tshwj xeeb ballasts. Ib qho hluav taws xob arc hlawv ntawm ob lub electrodes nyob ntawm qhov kawg. Nkag mus los ntawm cov pa roj thiab mercury vapor, cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no UF hluav taws xob uas tsis pom ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag. Cov phosphor ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub khob nqus dej ultraviolet thiab hloov mus rau qhov pom kev pom.
Cov teeb hluav taws xob tawm los hauv siab thiab qis. Thawj hom yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab rau teeb pom kev zoo uas tsis yog-chaw nyob. High-pressure mercury teeb yog cim RVD. Muaj ntau qhov kev hloov kho ntawm lawv, tab sis tag nrho cov subspecies yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub teeb emitted.
Lub teeb fluorescent qis yog siv dav hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Lawv cov kev faib tseem ceeb:
- Cov duab ntawm lub raj mis yog tubular thiab kauv.
- kev siv zog.
- Emitted xim spectrum: dawb LB, nruab hnub nrig LD, ntuj teeb LE.
- Destination - ntsuab LZ, daj lossis liab, ultraviolet LUV, xiav reflex LSR.
Txhua hom muaj nws tus kheej, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau xaiv cov teeb rau ib chav tsev.
Lub meej mom ntawm lub teeb fluorescent
Cov teeb fluorescent tsim cov spectrum zoo ib yam li hnub ci hluav taws xob. Cov peev txheej xws li LDC, LDC, LEC, LEC tsis hloov xim. Lawv muab kev txuag hluav taws xob. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum sib piv cov teeb fluorescent thiab LEDs yog qhov sib xws ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm lub teeb flux. Cov kev sim qhia tau hais tias cov pa roj tso tawm lub teeb ci ci qhov chaw ntawm sab, qab, thiab pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Siv lub teeb txuag hluav taws xob
Hnub ci qhov chaw yog siv txhua qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo: hauv tsev cia puav pheej, rau lub khw qhov rais, hauv chav kuaj, hauv tsev luam ntawv. Linear fluorescent teeb tau teeb tsa hauv tsev txhab nyiaj thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Hnub ci ci muab lub teeb liab ntawm kev tsaug zog rau tib neeg lub hlwb thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Piv rau cov teeb fluorescent, LED teeb ua xim tsis zoo. Lub teeb txuag hluav taws xob tsis cuam tshuam qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov khoom vim lub teeb ntuj. CLEO hom teeb yog siv nyob rau hauv solariums, nyob rau hauv ntau lawm rau kho UF kua nplaum, nyob rau hauv kev zoo nkauj salons kom qhuav gel polish. Thiab lawv kuj tau siv rau hauv pob nyiaj teeb rau cov nroj tsuag thiab cov nroj tsuag sab hauv.
History of LEDs
Kev sim ua pov thawj qhov ci ntawm silicon carbide siv lead ua los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1907 los ntawm Henry Joseph Round thiab 14 xyoo tom qab los ntawm Soviet physicist Oleg Losev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm LEDs tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm pab pawg kws tshawb fawb hauv qablos ntawm Nick Holonyak ntawm University of Illinois. Lawv tsim teeb liab qhov chaw tsim nyog rau kev lag luam siv. Tab sis, piv rau cov teeb fluorescent, LEDs tsis tau siv dav nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
Lub ntsej muag ntsuab thiab daj ntawm cov muaju tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1972. Qhov kev tshwm sim tiag tiag yog qhov tsim los ntawm Japanese engineer Suji Nakamura ntawm xiav LED, uas, vim nws ua ke nrog cov teeb ntsuab thiab daj, tau txais lub teeb dawb. Kev siv cov peev txheej zoo li no tau pib tsuas yog 10 xyoo dhau los. Thiab txhua qhov chaw siv LEDs tau pib xyoo 2012-2013.
Lub teeb ua haujlwm li cas
Ib qho LED yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob uas hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev. Nws muaj cov nti ntawm lub substrate, ib lub vaj tsev nrog kev sib cuag, thiab lub tshuab optics. Qhov sib txawv ntawm LED teeb thiab fluorescent teeb yog tias kev hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv lub teeb tshwm sim tsis muaj hluav taws xob poob rau cua sov, thiab qhov ci ntawm lub teeb tuaj yeem hloov kho ua tsaug rau chav tswj built-in.
Lub ci ci ntawm ib qho LED yog ncaj qha proportional rau tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv ntawm lub teeb ua kom sov thiab yaj. Kev ua kom txias yuav tsum muaj qhov cua sov hauv lub cev ntawm qhov khoom siv, ua rau lawv loj dua li cov teeb fluorescent zoo sib xws.
Qhov zoo ntawm LED teeb thiab lawv qhov tsis zoo
LEDs tsis muaj mercury thiab txaus ntshaicov ntaub ntawv. Lawv tsis tas yuav muab pov tseg, tsis txhob ua phem rau xwm. LEDs yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo rau cov tsev neeg uas muaj menyuam yaus thiab cov tsiaj nquag. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj lwm yam zoo. Qhov zoo ntawm LED teeb hla lub teeb fluorescent:
- instant rau tsis sov;
- muaj peev xwm tswj qhov ci thiab xim siv cov chaw taws teeb tswj;
- txuag hluav taws xob;
- loj ua haujlwm voltage pib (ntawm 80 txog 230V);
- tsis muaj cua sov ntawm lub teeb lub cev;
- ua haujlwm ntsiag to;
- kom ntseeg tau lub teeb kis tau zoo thiab pom tseeb ntawm cov khoom.
Thaum kawg txiav txim siab seb lub teeb twg zoo dua - LED lossis fluorescent, xav txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev xaiv tom kawg. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm hom no yog tus nqi siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, LEDs muaj qhov loj me me piv rau cov teeb txuag hluav taws xob zoo sib xws vim qhov xav tau rau lub tshuab cua txias hauv kev tsim. Qhov no tsis tso cai rau lawv siv rau hauv cov khoom siv me me. Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov kev taw qhia ncaj qha ntawm lub teeb. Qhov kev faib hluav taws xob no yuav zoo li txawv txawv, yog li qee tus neeg yuav khoom nyiam yuav cov teeb fluorescent.
YSiv LEDs
Qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm LEDs tso cai rau lawv siv hauv chav dej, pantries, warehouses. LEDs muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo vim lawv qhov tsis hnov tsw rau qhov kub thiab txias.
Lawv qhov tseem ceeb siv:
- highlighting architectural monuments;
- staircase teeb pom kev zoo;
- pib thiab teeb pom kev zoo hauv lub neej txhua hnub;
- tsheb teeb;
- teeb tsheb;
- khoom ua si, kev lag luam thiab tsev neeg ntsuas;
- rov qab cov ntxaij vab tshaus, OLED zaub.
Xaiv hloov cov teeb fluorescent nrog LEDs
Teeb pom kev ntawm kwv yees li 1000 Lumens yog muab los ntawm 11W LED teeb. Nrog rau tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm 4.53 rubles / kWh, 60 feeb ntawm nws cov haujlwm yuav raug nqi 5 kopecks.
A 15W fluorescent teeb muab tib theem ntawm qhov ci. Thiab tus nqi ntawm ib teev ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog 6.8 kopecks. Nrog kev siv tas li, lub teeb yuav kav ntev li 13 lub hlis.
Txawm li cas los xij, 24/7 teeb pom kev zoo tsis tshua xav tau hauv tsev, vim tias cov khoom siv feem ntau khiav 6 teev hauv ib hnub. Ua tsaug rau kev suav yooj yim, nws hloov tawm tias lub teeb LED yuav tsum kav ntev txog 16 xyoo, thiab lub teeb fluorescent - 4 xyoo thiab 5 lub hlis.
Rau ib xyoos ua haujlwm, nws yuav tau them 109 thiab ib nrab rubles. Kaum rau xyoo ntawm kev pabcuam yuav raug nqi 1,752 rubles. Thaum tib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov teeb fluorescent yuav tsum tau hloov 4 zaug. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom teeb pom kev zoo yuav muab ntxiv rau tag nrho.
Tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm txhua xyoo ntawm lub teeb fluorescent yog 148 rubles, 90 kopecks. Kaum rau xyoo ntawm kev pabcuam yuav raug nqi nws tus tswv 2382.4 rubles, tsis suav nrog tus nqi ntawm plaub hloovqhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo. Xav txog tias cov teeb fluorescent feem ntau ua tsis tau sai dua li cov chaw tsim khoom lub sijhawm, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv LEDs yog qhov pom tseeb. Siv cov teeb ci LED sib xws nrog cov teeb fluorescent hauv qhov ci, koj tuaj yeem txuag tau 2-3 zaug nyiaj ntau dua.
Kev xaiv cov teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum tau ua nyob ntawm ntau qhov tsis muaj: hom chav tsev, qhov hluav taws xob poob hauv lub network, qhov kub thiab txias. LED teeb muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Tab sis vim yog cov xim tsis sib xws thiab kev coj ua ib txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo, nws tsis siv tau rau qee qhov xwm txheej.
