Cement yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tsis yog ib lub tsev ua tiav tsis muaj nws. Nws yog qhov xav tau ob qho tib si rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus thiab kev ua haujlwm tiav. Cov khoom no yog indispensable niaj hnub no, thiab nws tsis muaj analogues. Kev xaiv loj ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov npe ntawm cov cement feem ntau ua rau nws nyuaj rau xaiv. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum to taub tag nrho cov subtleties thiab tricks, thiaj li tsis mus miscalculate thiab tau ib tug zoo heev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub kawg. Kev xaiv, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov cement hauv hnab lossis hauv ntau.
Cement production
Tau ntau pua xyoo, thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov khoom siv no tsis tau hloov pauv ntau. Tsuas yog cov thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho thiab cov nqi tsim khoom tau raug txo. Cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam zoo nrog cov ntsuas zoo.
Cement ntau lawm yog ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Limestones, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tov, tom qab cov mining yog crushed rau hauv me me pieces, tsis ntau tshaj 10 cm. Qhov loj li no hu ua sludge. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav rov ua dua rau qhov xav tau sib xws.
- Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem ziab los yogya raws. Txhua yam nyob ntawm seb txoj kev twg yog siv hauv kev tsim khoom.
- Ntxiv mus, qhov tshwm sim tau raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv qhov cub kub kub kom txog thaum tag nrho cov khoom pib yaj. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cement clinker yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob me me.
- Cia li ua tib zoo muab av ua hmoov.
- Cov theem tom ntej yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm gypsum. Nws xav tau tsuas yog 5%. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom cov adhesion ntawm cov cement. Tsis tas li, txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, ntau yam ntxhia thiab cov khoom siv tau nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom xyaw.
yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab khoom
Txhua tus paub qhov hnav-tiv taus zoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg xav txog nws qhov zoo dua. Cov cement zoo, cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws, ntawm chav kawm, yuav txawv ntawm tus nqi thiab kev sau npe. Tab sis, ua tib zoo saib xyuas nws lwm qhov ntsuas, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis uas yuav ua tiav nrog nws cov haujlwm thiab ua tau raws li koj qhov kev cia siab.
Ib yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Ntau tus tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov cement txheej vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig kev nruj kev tsiv lossis kev sib cuag nrog dej zoo tib yam. Txhawm rau txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov cement thiab xyuas kom nws muaj kev nyab xeeb, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Feem ntau, tshwj xeeb polymer additives pab kom lub zog ntawm cov sib tov.
Thaum ua ib lub mortar, xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau cov dej ntxiv rau qhov sib tov qhuav. Cement microparticles muaj peb zaughigh density thiab muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov kua sib txawv. Yog tias koj tsis twv nrog kev suav, qee qhov ntawm cov khoom no yuav nyob, thiab ib nrab, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav nce mus rau saum npoo tom qab ib ntus. Vim li ntawd, tsis muaj zog thiab nyiam tawg.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov cement sib tsoo cuam tshuam rau nws qhov zoo thiab, raws li, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Qhov me me, qhov ceev lawv yuav tawv, thiab lawv lub neej kev pab ntev dua. Tab sis tsis yog ib txwm me me ntawm microparticles muab qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Sim xaiv qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev nplua thiab ntxhib sib tsoo. Nws yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas yuav ua kom ntseeg tau cov khoom siv yav tom ntej.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum xav txog lub zog thiab kub ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv saum toj no yuav tsum tau kwv yees. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo, cov tuam ntxhab sim ua ke txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ib yam khoom. Tab sis muaj cov neeg uas, los ntawm kev txo qee tus yam ntxwv, ua rau lwm tus nce ntxiv. Ntawm no txhua tus xaiv lawv tus kheej txoj kev xaiv, raws li cov dej num thiab kev cia siab.
Cement cia tej yam kev mob
Txhawm rau kom cov khoom tsis poob nws qhov zoo, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev khaws cia thiab kev ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Tsuas yog qhov no yuav ua kom cov khoom tsim nyog rau ntev (lossis ntev dua) raws li tau cog lus los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
Lub tsev khaws khoom cement yuav tsum qhuav. Qhov no yog kab tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no feem ntau yog vimcov cuab yeej ntawm cov cement kom sai sai nqus dej (txawm tias los ntawm huab cua). Rau tib lub hom phiaj, ib chav uas muaj cua zoo yog tsim nyog. Cement nyob rau hauv lub hnab, uas yog xa mus rau kev khaws cia, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm pob khoom yam tsis poob.
Cement txee life
Yog tias koj nqa tus nqi nruab nrab, ces daim duab no feem ntau hloov pauv hauv 2 lub hlis. Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov cement nyob ntawm ntau yam thiab yuav txawv. Rau cov hom kev kub ceev, daim duab no tseem tsawg dua - txog 1.5 lub hlis. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau hnub tsim khoom thiab lub sijhawm teev tseg ntawm cov cement.
Txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov yam ntxwv txawv txav
Qhov zoo ntawm cov cement tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev khaws cia, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab hom nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tuav tsis tu ncua ntawm lub thawv, depressurization yuav tshwm sim, thiab cov qhuav sib tov yuav nqus noo noo los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ib puag ncig. Qhov no yuav tsis tsuas yog txo lub txee lub neej ntawm cov cement, tab sis kuj deprive nws ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, cov xwm txheej cia yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam, thiab qhov sib tov yog ntim rau hauv hnab hermetic tshwj xeeb. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, lub txee lub neej ntawm cov cement tuaj yeem yog 1 txog 2 xyoos.
Txoj Kev Sib Tw
Muaj ntau hom cement, txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom siv raw. Feem ntau yog cov hauv qab no:
- Limestone.
- Mergely.
- Clayy.
Cov tsiaj no tiv taus dej thiab kub siab tshaj:
- Portland.
- Slagportland.
hom cement no txawv ntawm nws qhov hardness thiab corrosion kuj.
- Hydraulic. nqus dej sai sai thiab qhuav sai li sai tau.
- Tamponage. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub zog siab thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov kwj dej, dams thiab lwm yam dej tsis zoo.
- Kho kom zoo nkauj. Nws muaj xim nruab nrab dawb thiab siv rau kev ua tiav.
- Sulfate resistant. Muaj qhov kub thiab txias heev.
