Keeb kwm tau ploj mus ntev heev thaum ib tug txiv neej laus muaj tswv yim los yob ib pob zeb mus rau qhov nkag ntawm lub qhov tsua. Qhov kev tsim kho no hauv nws qhov tseem ceeb tsuas yog muab piv nrog lub log. Lub tsev tau muaj kev nyab xeeb dua rau cov neeg nyob. Nws yog ua tau kom tsis txhob ntshai ntawm kev npaj txhij txog tua tsiaj qus. Cov pab pawg neeg sib cav sib ceg ua ntej yuav tsum tau kov yeej lub laj kab. Craftsmen tau txais lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm ntsiag to, cov poj niam - txhawb cov menyuam yaus, cov tub rog - los cob qhia thiab so. Cov rooj vag viav vias tau hloov lub ntiaj teb. Nws tau muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.
Goal history
Centuries dhau mus qeeb. Tus txiv neej nthuav nws lub tsev. Hloov chaw ntawm qhov tsua, thaj chaw pw hav zoov pib tshwm sim, fenced nrog lub laj kab siab. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev saib xyuas kev nkag mus rau thaj chaw ruaj ntseg yeej ib txwm nyob hauv thawj qhov chaw. Lub pob zeb tig mus rau hauv lub rooj vag tiag. Tsuas yog nws tus qauv hloov pauv:
- Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw txwv, roob roob, nws yooj yim dua los tsim cov rooj vag nqa. Thaum qhib, lawv siv qhov chaw me me, thaum muaj kev ntseeg siab xauv qhov nkag. Muaj tseeb, ua ntej lub sijhawm muaj kev lag luam, kev tsim cov txheej txheem qhib tau nyuaj heev.ua. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis ntseeg yog tias lawv kaw sai.
- Txoj kev yooj yim qhib - zawv zawg qhov rooj. Yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw me me raws phab ntsa. Hais txog kev ruaj ntseg, qhov kev xaiv no kom meej meej poob rau lwm tus. Tab sis lub sij hawm rau tus qauv zoo li no tuaj ntau tom qab.
- Ib tug kwv kwv tij ib ncig ntawm phab ntsa nrog ib tug moat. Lub rooj vag loj feem ntau pib ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus choj viav vias. Sai li sai tau lawv tau tsa, lub tsev fuabtais yuav luag impregnable. Sij hawm dhau mus, qhov xav tau rau cov qauv zoo li no ploj mus. Niaj hnub nimno drawbridges tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho ncha ntawm qub txeeg qub teg.
- Keeb kwm tsim txawv hauv steppe thiab hav zoov-steppe nthuav dav. Tsis tas yuav txuag chaw. Cov tswv ntawm qub txeeg qub teg siv cov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws - viav vias rooj vag.
rooj vag nto moo
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, viav vias tau pib ua lub luag haujlwm tsis yog kev ruaj ntseg nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv pib kho kom zoo nkauj.
- Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress ntawm Npanpiloo thaum ub muaj 100 lub rooj vag loj uas dai nrog tooj liab. Nws nyuaj rau xav txog ib pab tub rog uas yuav twv yuav cua daj cua dub rau lawv.
- Yog tias koj saib daim duab ntawm lub viav vias rooj vag ntawm Constantinople, nws yuav ua rau koj ua tsis taus pa. Lub Rooj vag Golden, khaws cia los ntawm lub xyoo pua 5th, amaze nrog nws grandeur. Daim duab zoo nkauj tau nthuav tawm ntawm qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov khw thaum ub tau tshwm sim nyob ze lawv.
- Nyob rau xyoo pua 11th, Yaroslav the Wise tau xaj kom tsim tsa lub npe nrov Golden Gates ntawm Kyiv. Giants 14 meters siab personified lub hwj chim ntawm Kievan Rus. Lub invincible hordes ntawm Batu tsis twv kom cua daj cua dub lawv. Nws muab tawm,yooj yim ua kom puas phab ntsa dua li lub rooj vag teem.
- Nyob rau hauv Russia, muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm architecture ntawm ancient masters. Nws tau pom meej meej tias txhua lub Kremlin muaj lub tsev pej thuam loj nrog viav vias rooj vag mus rau sab nraud.
Tsim nta
Tau ntau pua xyoo, kev tsim lub viav vias rooj vag tsis tau hloov hlo li. Txhua tus ntse nyob hauv qhov yooj yim ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej. Ob, qee zaum ib lub canvas txuas rau cov ncej ntawm lub pob khawm.
Raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus tswv, lawv tuaj yeem qhib ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom muaj qhov chaw dawb txaus. Tus so yog qhov teeb meem ntawm saj.
Ntau lub xauv tau muab tso, lub rooj vag yog ua ntawm lub rooj vag lossis nyob ze. Qhov qhib tuaj yeem qhib lossis qhib xwb.
Txhua yam khoom siv. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog ntoo lossis hlau. Wrought hlau qhov rooj feem ntau siv. Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub tau ntxiv hom tshiab - viav vias rooj vag ua los ntawm corrugated board, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, polycarbonate, sandwich panels thiab lwm yam. Dab tsi lub hnub nyoog muaj kev lag luam tau qhia tsis ntseeg yog cov txheej txheem rau kev qhib lub sashes. Cov rooj vag viav vias nrog hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij phooj ywg sawv daws
Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim qauv txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv:
- Txawm tias rau lub caij ntuj sov tsev, viav vias rooj vag tuaj yeem ntsia tau yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntau.
- Tus nqi qis thiab muaj peev xwm ua los ntawm cov khoom siv improvised.
- Unlimited design possibilities.
- Tsis muaj teeb meem txwv qhovqhov siab.
- Kev teeb tsa lub rooj vag viav vias yog yooj yim ua los ntawm koj tus kheej.
Xav txog qhov tsis zoo
Txhua yam khoom siv muaj ob qho tib si nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Qhov yooj yim ntawm viav vias rooj vag tsis deprive lawv ntawm ib co shortcomings.
- Cov loj yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa zoo. Nyob rau ntau yam av, koj yuav tsum nruab lawv tob thiab yuav luag ib txwm ua dhuav pawg.
- Tsim nyog ua yuam kev ntawm lub zog ntawm tus ncej - thiab nws tau lees tias dhau sijhawm lawv yuav warp.
- Kom siv tau yooj yim, koj xav tau ntau qhov chaw dawb. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tsev nyob ze suburban, qhov no yog qhov nyuaj heev kom ua tiav. Qhov no yuav pom tseeb tshwj xeeb yog tias lub rooj vag viav vias raug tsim rau lub chaw nres tsheb.
- Txawm cov kab lattice ntawm cov canvases raug rau huab cua siab. Qhov no yog qhov pom tseeb dua rau cov khoom qub. Nyob rau hauv cov cua muaj zog, viav vias yog txaus ntshai rau siv.
- Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qhib ua kom tus nqi ntawm cov qauv.
Auto drive
Yog tias txhua yam meej nrog kev teeb tsa lub viav vias rooj vag, ces yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau kev qhib. Kev suav yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov yuam kev. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, nrog cua daj cua dub, cov canvases muaj cua loj heev. Yog tias xaiv tsav tsis raug, qhov xwm txheej ceev tuaj yeem tsim. Yog tias koj tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm koj tus kheej, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tig mus rau cov kws tshaj lij.
Txhua yam suav:
- Design nyhav.
- Nyob deb ntawm pob khawm kom txhawb nqa.
- Linear dimensionssash.
Muaj ob hom hluav taws xob tsav - linear thiab lever tsim. Tsis muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv, thiab nws yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm saj uas yuav xaiv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov chaw tsim khoom ntseeg tau.
Qhov tseem ceeb. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm kev thauj khoom ntau ntxiv thiab yuav tsum ua raws li txhua yam kev cai nyab xeeb.
Kev ruaj ntseg ntxiv
Tsis siv neeg qhib viav vias rooj vag yog lub tshuab ua kom muaj kev phom sij. Nws tsim nyog txhawj xeeb txog kev ntsuas ntxiv kom tsis txhob muaj xwm txheej tsis zoo.
- Nkauj ceeb toom rau thaj tsam ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm kev txav ntawm nplooj.
- Siv lub suab thiab lub teeb qhia thaum tsav tsheb.
- Photocells tau teeb tsa txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom txawv teb chaws hauv thaj chaw txav. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum raug tso tseg tam sim ntawd thiab rov pib dua tom qab kev cuam tshuam tau raug tshem tawm.
Production example
Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, tuaj yeem muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim cov rooj vag viav vias. Xav txog ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws:
- Ua ntej tshaj, cia peb saib xyuas cov racks. Txawm tias cov qhov rooj me me, nws yog qhov zoo dua los nqa cov yeeb nkab hlau nrog txoj kab uas hla tsawg kawg 100 hli.
- Ob lub qhov yog ua rau lub hauv paus. Rau cov rooj vag me me hauv lub tebchaws thiab nrog cov av qhuav qhuav, koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov pob zeb tawg thiab lwm cov khoom siv khib nyiab. Cov qauv loj dua yuav tsum tau nchuav nrog pob zeb.
- Ua ntejlos ntawm kev txhim kho cov kav dej yog primed nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion. Ib feem hauv qab av yog ntxiv kho nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg los ntawm noo noo.
- Sawb rau txuas cov hlua yog welded rau cov yeeb nkab ruaj. Qhov ntev ntawm cov strips nyob ntawm qhov tsim kev daws teeb meem rau kev teeb tsa ntawm tus ncej.
- Loops txuas nrog rau qhov chaw kos.
- Tom qab priming, ncej yog npaj rau dai sashes.
Gate types
Raws li kev tsim khoom, txhua lub viav vias tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb pawg:
- Los ntawm hom qhib - phau ntawv lossis kev xaiv tsis siv neeg.
- Kev nyab xeeb thiab tsim - lub tsev lub hnab ntawv, cov khoom siv zoo nkauj.
- Qhib los yog kaw.
- Raws li cov khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom. Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, qhov nrov tshaj plaws yeej ib txwm yog cov khoom ntoo thiab hlau.
khoom ntoo
Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, ntoo yeej ib txwm yog cov khoom siv txaus nyiam tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov qauv. Larch yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo suited. Nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm atmospheric nag lossis daus, nyob rau hauv txias thiab kub, nws tsuas muaj zog. Xyaum tsis rot thiab tsis ntshai ntawm noo noo. Xws li cov qauv tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntoo softer, siv forged thiab hlau hauv ob sab phlu.
Rau tsis yog cov qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, koj tuaj yeem siv yuav luag txhua yam ntoo, tsuav nws qhuav zoo. Thaum txhim kho, nws yuav tsum tau impregnated nrog antiseptic thiab tua hluav taws. Yog li, peb nyob hauvpeb yuav txo tau cov ntoo tsis zoo xws li:
- tsis muaj zog;
- short service life;
- kub ignition qis.
Siv hlau
Hlau ntse sib tw nrog nws tus khub nyob mus ib txhis - ntoo. Tau kawg, cov hlau yog kim dua thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, hnyav dua. Raws li, muaj kev xav tau ntxiv rau cov ncej thiab hinges. Tab sis, rau cov khoom tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, nws nyuaj rau xav txog lwm txoj kev xaiv. Tsawg tus neeg xav txuag ntawm lub qhov rooj tsheb.
Yuav txo cov nqi, ntau yam kev xaiv feem ntau siv rau:
- Ua laib. Cov hlau tsawg dua yog siv rau lawv cov khoom siv, thiab hais txog lub zog, cov rooj vag zoo li no tsis zoo dua rau cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lattice sashes poob ntau heev.
- Tsis ntev los no, yog tias koj xav nkaum sab hauv ntawm lub tshav puam los ntawm qhov muag, lub qhov rooj yog sheathed nrog polycarbonate. Nws zoo nkaus li zoo nrog hlau thiab ntxiv me ntsis kom tsis muaj qhov hnyav.
- Hlau ncej tuaj yeem ua ke nrog corrugated board, ntoo thiab ntau lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
Txoj kev xaiv ntau yam tsis txwv tus tsim lub tswv yim - yuav ua li cas tsim cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab tus kheej.
Plot design
Gates ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim toj roob hauv pes. Lawv tsim thawj qhov kev xav thaum mus txog qhov khoom thiab ua tiav cov qauv tsim ntawm sab hauv ntawm thaj chaw. Thaum xaiv ib qhov project, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau peb yam tseem ceeb:
- Tus Nqi Ua Haujlwmxeeb. Cov khoom yuav kim heev. Tsis muaj nqi tsawg dua ua haujlwm zoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau lub kaw lus kaw thiab cov cuab yeej saib video.
- Txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub rooj vag yog tiv thaiv cov neeg sab nrauv los ntawm koj qhov chaw.
- Kev npaj thaj chaw dav dav. Cov rooj vag yuav tsum ua kom haum rau hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom.
Nws raug nquahu kom ua ib feem ntawm lub tshav puam tam sim sab nraum lub rooj vag. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob raug dej nag thaum tawm hauv lub tsheb. Thiab thaum lub caij ntuj no, lub xaib yuav yooj yim dua los ntxuav.
Cov hom ntawv ntawm tsab xov xwm tso cai tsuas yog muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm xws li ib tug me me architectural daim ntawv raws li lub rooj vag. Ib daim duab zoo tib yam hais ntau dua li cov ntawv nyeem ntau nplooj.
