Cov kab lus yuav piav qhia ntau npaum li qhov ua tau ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntawm lub qhov cub cib, muaj rau kev rov ua dua los ntawm cov tswv tshiab. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov kws paub txog qhov cub-makers raug nqi ntau heev - yam tsawg kawg koj yuav them 18,000-25,000 rubles rau txhua txoj haujlwm turnkey. Nws zoo nkaus li tias ua lub qhov cub ntawm koj tus kheej yog qhov yooj yim uas txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tau. Tab sis yog nws? Ib tug novice master puas tuaj yeem ua txhua yam? Nov yog qhov peb yuav sim ua kom tiav.
Classic fireplace design
Yog tias koj saib ze, ces qhib hom hearths tsis haum rau cua sov lub tsev ntiag tug, vim tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntoo (roj) yog qhov tsawg heev. Thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov qhov cub zoo li no tsis tshua muaj siab tshaj 30%. Tau kawg, thaum cov nplaim taws kub hnyiab hauv lub firebox, tag nrho cov cua sov disperses nyob ib ncig ntawm chav tsev. Tab sis sai li sai tau thaum nws ploj mus, lub brickwork txias cia. Thiab nws yuav txias tom qab 3 teev.
Ua tib zoo mloog! Txawm tias lub qhov cub me me tsis tuaj yeem ua rau hauv ib lub tsev ntau-storey, vim tias muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog impossibility ntawm tshem tawm lub chimney. Qhov nyuaj thib ob yog tias cov plag tsev yuav tsis tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv, txij li qhov tsawg tshaj plaws muaj qhov hnyav heev - txog 700 kg. Ntxiv mus, qhov loj no yog faib tshaj ib nrab ib square meter.
Basic ntsiab ntawm qhov cub
Tab sis txawm tias qhov hloov pauv cua sov tsawg, qhov cub yog qhov txaus nyiam rau cov tswv tsev zoo tib yam. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho chaw xis nyob hauv tsev. Cov tswv yim thiab kos duab ntawm qhov cub yog muab rau hauv peb cov khoom, cov classic hearth suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv nyob hauv av.
- Lub hauv paus thiab thawj 2-3 kab ntawm brickwork.
- Pem hauv ntej thiab protruding pre-rv platform.
- Lub portal yog ib lub thav duab ntawm lub qhov cub cib.
- Smoke collector yog ib txoj kab uas nqaim mus rau sab saud, muaj lub kaus zoo li lub kaus. Nyob ncaj qha saum lub combustion chamber.
- Thaum pib ntawm lub thawv pa luam yeeb muaj qhov chimney hniav, uas tso cai rau koj xaiv cov pa roj kub uas zoo tshaj plaws.
- chimney - ib feem ntawm cov yeeb nkab uas mus rau lub ru tsev.
- Valves - cov khoom siv tswj kev quab yuam.
Yog tias koj muaj nyiaj txaus rau kev tsim kho, koj tuaj yeem ua rau sab nraud. Tab sis kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los ua qhov no - yog tias lub cib ua tau zoo thiab zoo nkauj, ceszoo saib heev.
Hluav taws kub
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov tswv yim. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj heev los ua lub qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes rau ntawm lawv. Ntawm chav kawm, txhua yam xav tau kev xyaum, nws zoo li tias thawj zaug koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo nkauj thiab raug nteg tawm lub cib. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom xyaum ua qee yam khoom tsis tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, sim ua ib qho yooj yim barbecue sab nraum.
Tam sim no cia peb tham txog qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv. Cov kev faib ua hauv qab no yuav tsum ua raws li:
- Nyob ntawm cov yeeb nkab chimney, qhov chaw hla ntu yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 9 npaug tsawg dua qhov sib thooj ntawm qhov portal.
- Lub firebox yuav tsum muaj qhov tob 2 zaug tsawg dua qhov siab ntawm qhov qhib qhov rooj.
- Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm qhov qhib ntawm qhov qhib yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 50 npaug me dua qhov square ntawm chav tsev uas lub qhov cub tso.
Thaum koj muab lub qhov cub loj rau hauv chav me me, cov cua ntsawj ntshab yuav tsis muaj cua txaus. Hauv qhov no, lub qhov cub yuav pib tso pa tawm mus rau hauv chav tsev lossis kos cua los ntawm cov chav nyob ib sab. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem tso lub qhov cub me me rau hauv chav loj. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo uas koj tau txais yog cua sov tsis txaus ntawm chav tsev. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lub qhov cub yuav sawv ua qhov kho kom zoo nkauj.
Qhov chaw ntawm qhov cub
Ua tib zoo kawm cov tswv yim ntawm qhov cub muaj rau ua nrog koj tus kheej tes. Daim duab qhia txog ntau yam kev tsim. Qhov tseeb, tag nrho lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom qhov cub - kaum thiab phab ntsa. Cov tom kawg yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, lawv muaj raurepetitions txawm rau beginners nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm kiln masonry. Thaum koj txiav txim siab seb qhov cub yuav loj npaum li cas, koj tuaj yeem pib nrhiav qhov chaw tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau nws hauv chav.
- Koj tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev faib nruab nrab ntawm cov chav. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas lub tsev ntiag tug tseem tsis tau ua tiav, lossis nws tab tom kho, kho dua tshiab, tom qab ntawd cov phab ntsa rov qab tuaj yeem txav mus rau ib chav nyob ib sab. Ua li no, nws txaus los ua qhov qhib rau hauv qhov muab faib.
- Nws tsis yog qhov ua tau zoo los tso qhov cub tiv thaiv phab ntsa sab nrauv, vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov cua sov yuav tawm mus sab nraud.
- Xav seb qhov chaw ntawm qhov cub puas yuav yooj yim. Nws tsis pom zoo kom muab tso rau hauv ze ze rau lub qhov rooj sab hauv.
- Tshawb xyuas qab nthab thiab truss system tsim. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas cov yeeb nkab chimney tsis so tawm tsam cov khoom txhawb nqa. Nws raug nquahu kom tuav qhov deb tsawg kawg 10 cm ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov cub mus rau rafters.
Ntxiv rau, tsis txhob hnov qab tias koj yuav tsum tau muab lub hauv paus. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov hauv pem teb npog, thiab ces dismantle tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm screed. Tom qab ntawd, koj twv yuav raug hu yuav tsum khawb ib lub qhov (lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej tsis tas yuav tsum tau kov). Qhov teeb meem yuav yog rooj plaub yog tias kev sib txuas lus tau muab tso rau hauv qab lub tsev ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm qhov cub lossis muaj chav hauv qab daus.
theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho
Thaum ua lub qhov cub qhov cub raws li cov tswv yim muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm, koj yuav tsum ua raws li kwv yees li hauv qab no:
- Xaiv cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiabyuav lawv raws li qhov xav tau.
- Npaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog.
- Txhim lub hauv paus rau qhov cub.
- Thov tso lub qhov cub thiab qhov hluav taws xob ncaj qha.
- Kua lub masonry thiab tua hluav taws.
Tam sim no cia peb ua tib zoo saib tag nrho cov kauj ruam no kom tshem tawm txhua qhov tsis meej.
Koj xav tau dab tsi?
Tau kawg, koj tsis zoo li yuav muaj cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm cov kws paub txog qhov cub, yog li koj yuav tsum tau yuav tag nrho lawv cais. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, koj yuav xav tau:
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
- tsev theem thiab daim kab xev ntsuas.
- Cord, square, kav dej kab.
- Zaj tassel.
- Tawm.
- Pliers.
- Scribe thiab kav.
Nws tseem ntshaw kom muaj ntaub ntom ntom thiab lub thoob, ib rab diav hlau thiab ib qho yooj yim.
Kev xaiv qhov cub cib
Thaum ua lub qhov cub-barbecue raws li lub tswv yim, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub cib zoo ntawm thawj theem. Siv cov lus qhia no:
- Rau lub ntsiab masonry, lub pob zeb liab nrog qhov loj ntawm 250 x 120 x 65 hli yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Hollow stamps tsis pom zoo.
- Nyob ntawm lub qhov cub, tag nrho cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau nteg tawm ntawm fireclay cib (qib refractory).
- Hloov cov qib refractory, cov av nplaum nplaum tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis nco ntsoov xaiv lawv kom zoo - yuav tsum tsis muaj chips, tawg, lossis lwm yam tsis xws luag ntawm qhov chaw.
- Lub cev ntawm qhov cub tuaj yeem tso tawm ntawmsiv cib. Tab sis tsuas yog ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas nws tsis tau poob lub zog thiab tsis tawg.
- Yog ua tau (nyiaj txiag), yuav cib nrog cov npoo sib npaug.
Cov no yog tag nrho cov lus pom zoo uas yuav tsum tau ua raws thaum xaiv lub cib.
Masonry Mortar
Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua kom zoo masonry mortar yog mus yuav cov av nplaum thiab xuab zeb sib xyaw ua ke. Nws txaus los ntxiv dej rau nws, sib tov kom huv si, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib tso.
Tab sis yog tias koj txiav txim siab txuag nyiaj, koj tuaj yeem daws koj tus kheej. Rau qhov no koj yuav xav tau:
- Tshem tag nrho cov impurities ntawm cov av nplaum - av, pob zeb, iav, cog seem, thiab lwm yam.
- Muab cov khoom tso rau hauv lub thawv (qhov ntau qhov zoo dua) thiab muab dej ntim rau hauv. Soaking yuav tsum tau nqa tawm li 2 hnub.
- Nqa cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kom zoo ib yam li cream. Ua li no, ntxiv dej rau nws. Tom qab ntawd, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws los ntawm kev sib xyaw, koj yuav tsum hla nws dhau ntawm lub sieve.
- Ntxiv cov xuab zeb qhuav, kuj dhau los ntawm lub sieve. Nws raug nquahu kom siv lub sieve nrog mesh loj ntawm 1.5 mm.
- Ua tiav cov ntsiab lus muaj roj zoo los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke tas li.
Ua "nqaij npuas" los ntawm kev daws qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias nws tsis tawg thiab tsis tawg thaum lub qhov txhab ntawm lub pas ntoo (txoj kab uas hla yuav tsum yog 4-5 cm), ces cov tshuaj tsuas yog zoo meej.
Raws li cov phiaj xwm cib qhov cub, nws pom tseeb tias qhov nokev tsim kho loj heev, thiab nws xav tau lub hauv paus zoo. Cia peb xam seb cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub hauv paus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Ua ntej koj yuav tsum khawb lub qhov. Nws qhov ntev yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 10 cm loj dua li ntawm lub hearth. Raws li qhov tob, nws yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ib 'meter'.
- Sau cov pob zeb tawg, ntxiv dag zog rau cov txiv qaub mortar lossis kua av nplaum.
- Tau ob txheej txheej vov tsev.
- Teeb lub formwork thiab ncuav lub pob zeb ua pob zeb. Tsis txhob hnov qab kev txhawb zog.
- Nws yuav tsum khov tsawg kawg ib hlis. Tom qab lub sij hawm no, koj yuav tsum tau soak lub xav nyob rau hauv kua av nplaum thiab nteg nws nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus. Saum toj no koj yuav tsum tsim ob kab nruam ntawm ceramic cib.
Nco ntsoov tias lub hauv paus ntawm qhov cub tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Nws raug nquahu kom tswj qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 5-10 cm nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Txhua qhov chaw nkag mus tau yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo.
Bookmark thawj kab
Lub cib zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau muab faib rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub firebox. Yog tias koj siv lub cib siv, ces nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm av, soot, qub mortar. Lub tshuab tso rau ntawm thawj kab zoo li no:
- Kauj Ruam rov qab los ntawm ntug ntawm lub hauv paus 5 cm thiab nteg thawj kab qhuav. Muab cov cib sab nrauv ua ntej (qhov zoo tshaj plaws), ces sau rau hauv nruab nrab.
- Siv cov ntoo thiab tus kav, ua tib zoo ua kom tag nrho cov cib nyob rau hauv ib kab, ua kom lub kaum sab xis.
- Siv daim kab xev ntsuas, ntsuaskab pheeb ces kaum - lawv yuav tsum sib npaug los yog sib txawv tsis ntau tshaj 5 hli.
- Txhim kab rov tav, koj yuav tsum tau tso tag nrho cov cib ntawm lub mortar.
Tso cov kab tom ntej uas siv cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws. Ua ntej muab cov cib kom qhuav, ces kho thiab txiav lawv yog tias tsim nyog. Koj tswj txoj haujlwm ntsug thiab kab rov tav nrog kev pab ntawm cov kav dej thiab qib.
Txoj cai rau kev tsim kho qhov cub phab ntsa
Muaj ob peb txoj cai yooj yim uas yuav pab koj tsim lub qhov cub kom sai thiab ua tau zoo li sai tau:
- Ua ntej tso, muab lub cib liab tso rau hauv dej rau ob peb feeb kom tso pa tawm. Refractory bricks tsis tas yuav tsum tau tsau, nws txaus los yaug lawv nrog dej kom tshem tawm cov plua plav.
- Kua lub seam thickness tsis pub tshaj 5 hli.
- Ua cov phab ntsa ntawm cov pa roj raws li qhov ua tau. Txawm ntug ntawm cov cib yuav tsum tig mus rau hauv lub chimney.
- Ceramic thiab fireclay masonry nrog sib txawv expansion coefficients. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsis tuaj yeem txuas rau ib leeg. Nws yog tsim nyog los nteg bas alt cardboard.
- Ua ntej kev teeb tsa, lub qhov rooj yuav tsum tau kho nrog asbestos cord nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas lawv tau ntsib nrog cov masonry. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau kho nrog txoj hlua khi.
- Lub valve yog ntsia rau ntawm cov av nplaum tov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lub kaw lus qhib thiab cov kev daws teeb meem yog siv rau lub thav duab.
Qhov ntawd yog tag nrho cov cai, tom qab ua tiav kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum cia cov tshuaj kom qhuav rau ob lub lis piam. Ua tib zoo saib cov masonry txhua lub sijhawm no. Yog tias qhov tawg me me tshwm sim, lawv yuav tsum tau kho.solution.
Tom qab ob lub lis piam, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom sov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qhib lub valve thiab qhib ib pawg me me ntawm cov ntoo chips thiab brushwood. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum maj mam ntxiv qhov cub me me. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj yuav tsum qhuav tag. Saib cov masonry, yog tias tsis muaj kab nrib pleb tshwm nyob rau hauv thawj 4 teev, cov ntoo tuaj yeem ntxiv. Tsis tas yuav maj, xyuas kom tag nrho cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hearth sov li sib npaug. Raws li koj tau pom, lub qhov cub masonry tswv yim tsis yooj yim. Nws yog txaus ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo, thiab koj yuav ua tau ib tug zoo-zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha tsim uas yuav txaus siab rau koj ntau xyoo.
