Cov pob zeb muaj zog tau pom dav siv hauv kev tsim kho niaj hnub no. Cov khoom yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab, tsis kam mus rau sab nraud influences, durability. Thaum txhim kho cov tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv (cib, cinder thaiv, aerated qhob blocks), nws yuav tsum tau thaiv qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib. Rau cov hom phiaj no, ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv pob zeb ntxiv yog siv - lintels.
Destination
Lintels yog cov pob zeb ua vaj huam sib luag nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa masonry thiab hloov mus rau lawv lub nra ntawm cov masonry thiab ceilings overlying qhov qhib. Structurally, lub lintel muaj ib tug reinforcing tawb thiab hnyav pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, prefabricated reinforced qhob khoom ntawm lub Hoobkas ntau lawm los yog monolithic, manufactured nyob rau hauv qhov chaw yog siv. Hauv qhov no, cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv thiab thaj chaw ntawm lawv cov kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev suav, suav nrog cov khoom ntim khoom.
qauv
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv prefabricated yog txiav txim los ntawm GOST "Reinforced pob zeb lintels rau cov tsev nrog cib ntsa". Cov qauv no txhais cov kev faib, hom, qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov yam ntxwv. Jumperssubdivided rau hauv:
- PB - bar, muaj qhov dav txog li 250 mm.
- PP - phaj, nrog lub hauv paus dav ntawm 250 mm.
- PG - nqaj, ib lub hlis twg raug txiav hauv ntu.
- PF - façade, rau qhib nrog ib lub hlis twg nrog ib txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov masonry los ntawm 250 hli.
Rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam, txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm tau tsim - 1.038.1-1, suav nrog kev kos duab ua haujlwm.
Tsim
Lub thav duab ntawm lub lintel ua kom nws lub zog. Nws muaj longitudinal thiab transverse reinforcement. Cov qauv muab rau kev siv ob qho tib si prestressed thiab tsis-prestressed reinforcement. Txoj kab uas hla thiab lub suab ntawm cov pas nrig yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev suav lossis los ntawm cov phiaj xwm txheej txheem.
Thaum nchuav lintels, cov pob zeb hnyav nrog qhov ntom ntawm 2200-2500 kg / m3 yog siv. Qhov xav tau lub zog ntawm pob zeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev suav, hom rau dej permeability thiab Frost tsis kam - suav nrog ib puag ncig.
Slinging qhov yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv rau nqa los yog hu nkauj, raws li yuav tsum tau los ntawm GOST. Reinforced pob zeb lintels raug tso cai ua nrog cov qhov hluav taws xob ntxiv rau kev tsim kho hauv thaj chaw muaj kev puas tsuaj seismically.
Qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj jumpers yog qhia hauv lub rooj ntawm GOST 948-84. Tus qauv muab rau PB bar lintels ntev ntawm 1030 txog 5950 hli nrog prestressed los yog tsis-stressed reinforcement. Lawv ntu tau muab faib ua 10 pawg - los ntawm 125 x 65 (h) mm txog 250 x 290 (h) mm.
PP lintels muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm 1160 txog 2980 hli nrog prestressed los yog tsis-stressedfittings. Lawv ntu yog sawv cev los ntawm 10 pawg - los ntawm 380 x 65 (h) mm txog 510 x 220 (h) mm.
Beam lintels nrog peb lub hlis twg ntawm PG hom tsuas yog muab nrog qhov tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab nrog qhov ntev ntawm 1550 txog 5960 hli. 8 seem xaiv tau - los ntawm 250 x 290 (h) mm txog 510 x 440 (h) mm.
Pem hauv ntej lintels PF yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntev ntawm 770 mm mus rau 4280 mm nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm yim pawg - los ntawm 90 x 90 (h) mm mus rau 290 x 90 (h) mm.
Kev tsim qauv
Qib ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj ob lossis peb pawg thiab ua kom muaj cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog: qhov ntev, qhov muaj peev xwm, ntu, thiab lwm yam. ntev qhia hauv kaum centimeters. Piv txwv li, 8PB25 - bar lintel, ntu 8 los ntawm GOST 948-84 lub rooj, ntev - 2460 mm.
Pab pawg thib ob qhia qhov nruab nrab qhov tso cai thauj khoom (kN / m), kev txhawb nqa chav kawm. Piv txwv li, 71-AtV: load 70, 61 kN / m thiab kev txhawb nqa AT-V.
Pab pawg thib peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov muaj cov rebar outlets, embedded qhov chaw, sling loops, nrog rau ntau yam yam ntxwv nyob ntawm seb sab nraud.
Kev cim ntxiv siv cov cim:
- "a" - thauj tog rau nkoj rau kev teeb tsa lub sam thiaj slabs;
- "p" - sling loops;
- "С" - rau thaj chaw txaus ntshai seismically tshaj 7 ntsiab lus;
- "P" - high-density concrete, or "O" - extra-dense.
Tag nrho cov cim ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog tuaj yeem zoo li no:10PB21-27-ap - bar lintel loj 2070 hli, ntu 10, tso cai thauj khoom 27, 26 kN / m, nrog sling loops thiab thauj tog rau nkoj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov cuab lub zog rau mounting sam thiaj slabs.
Insulation Nyob
Cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum muab cov qib kev tiv thaiv thermal muab los ntawm cov qauv. Qib no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob. Qhov loj dua nws yog, qhov siab dua qhov kev tiv thaiv thermal ntawm lub tsev thiab, raws li, qhov qis dua cov cua sov thiab cov nqi cua sov. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov pob zeb muaj zog yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov cua sov. Jumpers tsim cov cua sov ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov phab ntsa - cov txuas hniav txias. Lawv ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov cua sov ntxiv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub rau dew. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau insulate lub jumpers. Yog hais tias lub tsev muaj kev rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv raws li qhov cua facade system los yog raws li "wt technology" - tsis muaj lus nug tshwm sim. Tab sis yog tias cov phab ntsa sab nrauv tsis xav tau kev rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv, ces cov jumpers raug teeb tsa los ntawm sab nrauv ntawm phab ntsa. Ib qho ntxig ua los ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo (piv txwv li, pob zeb wool) yog mounted rau hauv qhov indentation thiab npog nrog plaster los yog lwm yam khoom tiav nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau ntawm phab ntsa.
Dhia kev xaiv hom
Rau qhov kev xaiv kom raug ntawm lub npe jumper, ntxiv rau lub hom phiaj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab lub peev xwm. Kev tso cai thauj khoom ntawm txhua hom khoom yog qhia hauv GOST "Reinforced pob zeb lintels". Tom qab ua tiavKev sau ntawm cov khoom thauj thiab tau txiav txim siab txog qhov ntev ntawm qhov kev ncua, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntxhuav ntawm 1.038.1-1 series, qhov twg txhua hom khoom sib piv: qhov kwv yees, qhov ntev ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab kev thauj khoom. Thaum xaiv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, qhov ntev thiab cov ntu, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus lej seismic txaus ntshai ntawm thaj chaw tsim kho.
Jumper xam
Lub lintel yog cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub tsev, thiab nws cov kev suav yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij nrog kev kawm tsim nyog thiab kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov haujlwm me me, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov pob zeb muaj zog ntxiv rau koj tus kheej. Qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom raug txiav txim, coj los ntawm SNiP "Stone structures". Nws yog tsim nyog los xam qhov siab ntawm lub masonry saum toj no lintel thiab muab piv nrog cov xam ncua ntawm lub lintel. Yog hais tias qhov siab ntawm lub masonry yog ntau tshaj qhov ntsuas, ces tus cab kuj jumper tsis xav tau. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los piav qhia qhov no: ntawm ib qho siab, phab ntsa saum qhov qhib muaj peev xwm txaus ntawm nws tus kheej, ces nws tsis xav tau kev pab los ntawm jumper. Paub txog qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm masonry, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txiav txim lub hom ntawm jumper. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv masonry nrov tshaj plaws yog muab hauv qab no:
- brickwork - 1400-1900 kg/m3;
- ua npuas ncauj pob zeb - 900-1400 kg / m3;
- aerated qhob blocks - 400-1200 kg / m3
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom siv masonry ntawm ib qho chaw tsim khoom.
Kev txhim kho jumpers
Tsis yog-cov kabmob lintels ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib nrog qhov ntev txog li ob metres tau tso cainteg manually, tshaj ob meters - siv lifting mechanisms. Qhov kev txhawb nqa qhov tob yog coj raws li cov koob, tab sis feem ntau tsis pub tsawg dua 200 hli hauv cov partitions thiab tsis pub tsawg dua 250 hli hauv phab ntsa. Kev them nyiaj yug pads raug kuaj xyuas qib.
Cov pob zeb ua vaj huam sib luag rau cov phab ntsa cib yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov masonry, ntxiv rau cov meshes. Txhawm rau sau tag nrho cov tuab ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov jumpers tau nruab rau hauv ib pob ntawm ob peb daim. Cov khoom kawg yuav tsum tsis txhob protrude tshaj lub dav hlau ntawm phab ntsa. Thaum txhim kho jumpers, lawv cov qauv tsim yuav tsum tau ua raws. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom kho cov jumpers raws qhov ntev los ntawm trimming, vim hais tias lawv qhov cuab lub zog yog tsis sib npaug thiab yog tsim rau lub ncua ntev qhia nyob rau hauv cov khoom hom.
tus kheej ua jumpers
Thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem xa cov khoom siv ua tiav tiav rau qhov chaw tsim kho, lawv tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw. Ua ntej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum ua cov qauv ntawm qhov tsim nyog los ntawm ntoo. Nws yog qhov yooj yim yog tias lub formwork yog tsim los rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom tib lub sijhawm. Lub thav duab yog ua los ntawm kev txhawb zog, qhov ntev yog siv nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 12-14 hli, qhov transverse yog 4-6 hli. Rau longitudinal reinforcement, rods yog ntsia nyob rau hauv ob theem, lub transverse reinforcement yog ntsia nyob rau hauv increments ntawm 3/4 ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov khoom. Ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 1/6 ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw txhawb nqa, lub suab ntawm qhov hloov pauv hloov tau txo qis. Rau cov jumpers loj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nteg mounting loops. Hauv kev tsim cov ncej, vuam lossis knitting hlau yog siv.
Cov thav duab sib dhos tau muab tso rau hauv lub formwork. Tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaivcov txheej txheem txhawb nqa yog nqa los ntawm kev txhawb nqa yas xws li "rack" lossis "lub rooj zaum siab". Tom qab ntawd lub formwork yog poured nrog hnyav pob zeb, ua raws li kev co compaction. Tom qab nchuav cov lintels lawm, cov qhov rooj thiab qhov rais yuav tsum tau kho yam tsawg kawg 24 hnub.
Kev tsim cov lintels hauv ntu
Hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug, cov pob zeb ua vaj huam sib luag rau qhov qhib feem ntau tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm qhov chaw. Txoj kev no tsis yog kev siv thev naus laus zis heev, tab sis nws tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev nqa thiab kev teeb tsa, uas yooj yim heev thaum tsis muaj lifting mechanisms. Thaum nrum ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa, nws tuaj yeem ua arched reinforced pob zeb lintels.
Qhov ntev ntawm qhov tsim no yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kheej qhov project. Ua ntej casting lub lintel, lub masonry ntawm cov phab ntsa yog coj mus rau lub cim yuav tsum tau. Cov kev txhawb nqa platforms raug tshuaj xyuas rau qib thiab theem nrog pob zeb ua ke. Formwork yog mounted los ntawm lumber nyob rau hauv qhib. Qhov qis ntawm lub formwork yog ua los ntawm ib tug tuab tuab board thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom. Cov kauj ruam thiab ntu ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa raug xaiv raws li qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub lintel, piv txwv li qhov ntom ntawm cov pob zeb hnyav yog 2500 kg / m3. Cov kev txhawb nqa yog tsau rau ib leeg thiab rau cov qauv phab ntsa. Reinforced qhob qhov rais lintels xav tau ib lub hlis twg hauv formwork qauv rau nruab ib lub qhov rais thaiv.
Ntau zaus thaum tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov blocks, cov khoom siv masonry tsim tshwj xeeb U-shaped blocks. Lawv muab tso rau ntawm ib qho kev txhawb nqa hauv qhov qhib thiab ua haujlwmruaj formwork functions. Cov ntsiab lus zoo li no muaj qhov tuab ntawm cov blocks zoo tib yam hauv cov masonry thiab tsis txhob hais txog lub jumper ntawm phab ntsa.
Lub tawb nqa khoom yog mounted hauv formwork, mounting loops tsis xav tau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Tom qab ntawd, lub formwork yog poured nrog hnyav pob zeb, compacting nws nrog vibrotamping. Lub jumper puv yog sab laug rau 24 hnub, tom qab ntawd lub formwork yog dismantled.
