Tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev nyob lossis ua haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog nyob rau sab qaum teb latitudes nrog huab cua txias. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias hauv cov tsev yog ib txwm tseem ceeb. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob, kev txo qis ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob rau cov cua sov tuaj txog ua ntej.
Climatic yam ntxwv
Kev xaiv ntawm phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev yog nyob ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw tsim kho. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lawv, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau xa mus rau SP131.13330.2012 "Construction climatology". Cov lej hauv qab no yog siv rau hauv kev suav:
- qhov kub ntawm qhov txias tshaj plaws tsib hnub nrog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm 0.92, txhais los ntawm Tn;
- nruab nrab kub, denoted by Tot;
- duration, denoted by ZOT.
Ntawm qhov piv txwv rau Murmansk, cov txiaj ntsig muaj cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
- Тн=-30 deg;
- Tot=-3.4 deg;
- ZOT=275 hnub.
Ntxiv rau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los teeb tsa qhov ntsuas kub hauv chav TV, nws tau txiav txim siab raws li GOST 30494-2011. Rau vaj tse, koj tuaj yeem nqa TV=20 degrees.
Yuav ua kom sov engineering suav nrog cov qauv, ua ntej xam tus nqi ntawm GSOP (degree-hnub ntawm lub sijhawm cua sov):
GSOP=(Tv - Tot) x ZOT. Hauv peb qhov piv txwv, GSOP=(20 - (-3, 4)) x 275=6435.
Key indicators
Rau txoj kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab seb lawv yuav tsum muaj dab tsi thermal. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua kom sov yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws cov thermal conductivity, qhia los ntawm Greek tsab ntawv l (lambda) thiab ntsuas hauv W / (m x deg.). Lub peev xwm ntawm cov qauv kom khaws cov cua sov yog yam ntxwv los ntawm nws qhov tsis kam mus rau tshav kub hloov R thiab sib npaug ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm thickness rau thermal conductivity: R=d / l.
Yog tias tus qauv muaj ob peb txheej, qhov kev tiv thaiv raug suav rau txhua txheej thiab tom qab ntawd suav nrog.
Kub hloov pauv tsis kam yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho sab nraum zoov. Nws tus nqi yuav tsum tshaj tus nqi tus qauv. Thaum ua kev ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsev ntawv lub tsev, peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog kev lag luam ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev.
Tus nqi hluav taws xob thermal
rwb thaiv tsev zootxiav txim siab feem ntau los ntawm thermal conductivity. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau dhau los ntawm kev kuaj sim, raws li qhov txiaj ntsig no tau txiav txim siab rau kev ua haujlwm "A" lossis "B". Rau peb lub teb chaws, feem ntau cov cheeb tsam sib haum mus rau kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob "B". Thaum ua kev ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov nqi no yuav tsum tau siv. Cov nqi thermal conductivity yog qhia rau ntawm daim ntawv lo lossis hauv cov ntaub ntawv hla tebchaws, tab sis yog tias lawv tsis muaj, koj tuaj yeem siv cov nqi siv los ntawm Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm. Cov txiaj ntsig rau cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws yog teev hauv qab no:
- Ordinary brickwork - 0.81 W(m x deg.).
- Silicate cib masonry - 0.87 W(m x deg.).
- Gas thiab ua npuas ncauj pob zeb (qhov ntom 800) - 0.37 W (m x deg.).
- Softwood - 0.18 W(m x deg.).
- Extruded Styrofoam - 0.032 W(m x deg.).
- Mineral wool boards (density 180) - 0.048 W(m x deg.).
Tus nqi tsis tu ncua ntawm kev hloov pauv kub
Tus nqi suav ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua tus nqi hauv paus. Lub hauv paus tus nqi yog txiav txim siab raws li Table 3 SP50.13330.2012 "Kev tiv thaiv thermal ntawm cov tsev". Lub rooj txhais cov coefficients rau kev xam qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem thiab hom tsev. Txuas ntxiv qhov pib ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntawm cov txheej txheem kaw, ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev suav tuaj yeem nthuav tawm raws li hauv qab no:
- Rsten=0.00035x6435 + 1.4=3.65 (m x deg/W).
- Rpokr=0,0005х6435 +2, 2=5, 41 (m x deg/W).
- Rchard=0.00045x6435 + 1.9=4.79 (m x deg/W).
- Rockna=0.00005x6435 + 0.3=0.62 (m x deg/W).
Thermotechnical xam ntawm cov txheej txheem sab nraud yog ua tiav rau txhua tus qauv uas kaw qhov "sov" contour - hauv pem teb hauv av lossis hauv pem teb ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv av, cov phab ntsa sab nrauv (xws li qhov rais thiab qhov rooj), ua ke npog los yog hauv pem teb ntawm lub unheated attic. Tsis tas li, kev suav yuav tsum tau ua rau cov qauv sab hauv, yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov chav nyob ib sab yog ntau tshaj 8 degrees.
Thermotechnical xam ntawm phab ntsa
Feem ntau cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yog ntau txheej thiab sib txawv hauv lawv qhov tsim. Thermal engineering suav ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem multilayer yog raws li hauv qab no:
Yog tias peb xav txog phab ntsa ci ci, peb tau txais kev tsim kho hauv qab no:
- txheej txheej ntawm plaster 3 cm tuab, thermal conductivity 0.93 W (m x deg.);
- khoom av av nplaum masonry 64 cm, thermal conductivity 0.81 W (m x deg.);
- Pem hauv txheej ntawm plaster 3 cm tuab, thermal conductivity 0.93 W (m x deg.).
Cov mis rau thermal engineering suav ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
R=0.03/0.93 + 0.64/0.81 + 0.03/0.93=0.85(m x deg/W).
Tus nqi uas tau tshwm sim yog tsawg dua li qhov kev txiav txim siab yav dhau los puag tus nqi tiv thaivThaum tshav kub kub hloov ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev nyob hauv Murmansk 3, 65 (m x deg / W). Lub phab ntsa tsis ua tau raws li cov kev cai thiab yuav tsum tau insulated. Rau phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev, peb siv cov ntxhia wool boards nrog lub thickness ntawm 150 hli thiab thermal conductivity ntawm 0.048 W (m x deg.).
Tau xaiv cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntawm cov txheej txheem kaw. Ib qho piv txwv suav yog qhia hauv qab no:
R=0.15/0.048 + 0.03/0.93 + 0.64/0.81 + 0.03/0.93=3.97(m x deg/W).
Tus nqi suav tau ntau dua li tus nqi hauv paus - 3.65 (m x deg / W), cov phab ntsa insulated ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim.
Kev suav ntawm kev sib tshooj thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke tau ua zoo ib yam.
Kub engineering xam cov plag tsev hauv kev sib cuag nrog hauv av
Feem ntau hauv cov tsev ntiag tug lossis cov tsev pej xeem cov plag tsev ntawm thawj cov plag tsev yog ua rau hauv av. Kev tiv thaiv kom sov hloov ntawm cov plag tsev no tsis yog tus qauv, tab sis qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus qauv tsim ntawm cov plag tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cov dej lwg tawm. Kev suav cov qauv hauv kev sib cuag nrog hauv av yog ua raws li hauv qab no: cov plag tsev tau muab faib ua ib lub strips (zones) 2 meters dav, pib ntawm thaj tsam sab nrauv. Txog li peb thaj tsam no tau faib, thaj chaw seem yog nyob rau thaj tsam plaub. Yog tias cov qauv tsim hauv pem teb tsis muab rau kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo, ces qhov kev hloov pauv kub ntawm cov cheeb tsam tau ua raws li hauv qab no:
- 1 zone – 2, 1 (m x deg/W);
- 2 zone – 4, 3 (m x deg/W);
- 3 zone – 8, 6 (m x deg/W);
- 4 zone – 14, 3 (m x deg/W).
Nws yooj yim pom tias qhov deb hauv pem teb yog los ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv, qhov siab dua nws qhov kev tiv thaiv cua sov. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau txwv kom sov lub perimeter ntawm hauv pem teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hloov pauv cua sov ntawm cov txheej txheem insulated yog ntxiv rau qhov hloov pauv cua sov ntawm thaj chaw. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev suav ntawm cov plag tsev hauv av yuav raug txiav txim siab hauv qab no. Wb nqa thaj tsam 10 x 10, sib npaug 100 square meters.
- Thaj tsam ntawm 1 thaj tsam yuav yog 64 square meters.
- Thaj chaw 2 yuav yog 32 square meters.
- Thaj chaw 3 yuav yog 4 square meters.
Nruab nrab pem teb cua sov hloov mus rau hauv av:Rfloor=100 / (64/2, 1 + 32/4, 3 + 4/8, 6)=2.6 (m x deg / Tue).
Tom qab ua tiav cov rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb ib puag ncig nrog polystyrene ua npuas ncauj phaj 5 cm tuab, ib daim kab xev 1 meter dav, peb tau txais tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob:
Рpol=100 / (32/2, 1 + 32/(2, 1+0, 05/0, 032) + 32/4, 3 + 4/8, 6)=4, 09 (m x deg/W).
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsis yog cov plag tsev nkaus xwb suav nrog txoj hauv kev no, tab sis kuj yog cov phab ntsa hauv kev sib cuag nrog hauv av (cov phab ntsa hauv pem teb recessed, hauv qab daus sov).
Thermotechnical xam ntawm qhov rooj
Lub hauv paus tus nqi ntawm cov cua sov hloov ntawm cov qhov rooj nkag yog xam qhov txawv me ntsis. Txhawm rau xam nws, koj yuav tsum xub ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub hloov ntawm phab ntsa raws li kev cai huv thiab huv (tsis yog kev poob.dew): Rst=(Tv - Tn) / (DTn x av).
Ntawm ДТн - qhov kub sib txawv ntawm sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa thiab huab cua kub hauv chav, raug txiav txim siab raws li Txoj Cai Kev Cai thiab rau vaj tsev yog 4.0.
av - qhov kub hloov pauv coefficient ntawm sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa, raws li kev sib koom ua ke yog 8, 7. Tus nqi ntawm lub qhov rooj yog muab sib npaug rau 0, 6xRst.
Rau qhov xaiv qhov rooj tsim, nws yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntawm cov txheej txheem kaw. Nkag qhov rooj piv piv txwv:
Rdv=0.6 x (20-(-30))/(4 x 8.7)=0.86 (m x deg/W).
Tus nqi tsim no yuav sib haum rau lub qhov rooj uas muaj cov ntaub pua plag 5 cm tuab.
Complex Requirement
Kev suav cov phab ntsa, cov plag tsev lossis cov npog yog ua los xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev cai. Cov txheej txheem tseem tsim kom muaj ib qho kev xav tau ua tiav uas qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm tag nrho cov vaj tse nyob ib puag ncig. Tus nqi no yog hu ua "tshwj xeeb tshav kub-shielding yam ntxwv". Tsis yog ib qho kev ntsuas thermotechnical ntawm cov txheej txheem kaw tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj nws qhov kev txheeb xyuas. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev suav JV yog qhia hauv qab no.
| Tsim lub npe | Square | R | A/R |
| Walls | 83 | 3, 65 | 22,73 |
| Cover | 100 | 5, 41 | 18, 48 |
| Pab qab nthab | 100 | 4,79 | 20, 87 |
| Windows | 15 | 0, 62 | 24, 19 |
| Qhov rooj | 2 | 0, 8 | 2,5 |
| Nyiaj | 88,77 |
Kob \u003d 88, 77 / 250 \u003d 0.35, uas yog tsawg tshaj li qhov qub tus nqi ntawm 0.52. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub cheeb tsam thiab ntim yog coj mus rau ib lub tsev ntsuas 10 x 10 x 2.5 m. Thaum tshav kub kub hloov lwm lub tsev resistances yog sib npaug rau cov nqi hauv paus.
Tus nqi ib txwm raug txiav txim siab raws li kev sib koom ua lag luam, nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub tsev.
Ntxiv rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom yooj yim, txhawm rau kos daim ntawv hla tebchaws, lawv kuj ua cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm cov txheej txheem kaw, ib qho piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv hla tebchaws tau muab rau hauv Daim Ntawv Ntxiv rau SP50.13330.2012.
Uniformity coefficient
Txhua qhov kev suav sau saum toj no yog siv tau rau cov qauv sib xws. Uas yog heev tsawg nyob rau hauv kev xyaum. Txhawm rau coj mus rau hauv tus account inhomogeneities uas txo qhov tsis kam mus rau tshav kub hloov pauv, kho qhov zoo rau thermal uniformity, r, yog qhia. Nws yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev hloov ntawm tshav kub hloov mus rau hauv lub qhov rais thiab qhov rooj qhib, sab nraud ces kaum, inhomogeneous inclusions (piv txwv li, lintels, kab teeb, reinforcing siv), txias txuas hniav, thiab lwm yam.
Kev suav ntawm cov coefficient no nyuaj heev, yog li hauv daim ntawv yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem siv kwv yees qhov txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv. Piv txwv li, rau brickwork - 0.9, peb txheej panels - 0.7.
YEffective insulation
Thaum xaiv lub tsev rwb thaiv tsev, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub tseeb tias nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom ua tau raws li niaj hnub kev tiv thaiv thermal yam tsis tas siv cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Yog li, yog tias koj siv cov av nplaum ib txwm siv, koj yuav xav tau masonry ob peb meters tuab, uas tsis yog kev lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov qis thermal conductivity ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev niaj hnub no raws li nthuav dav polystyrene lossis pob zeb ntaub plaub tso cai rau koj txwv koj tus kheej kom tuab ntawm 10-20 cm.
Piv txwv li, kom ua tiav qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv tus nqi ntawm 3.65 (m x deg / W), koj xav tau:
- 3m tuab cib ntsa;
- tso cov pob zeb ua npuas ncauj 1, 4 m;
- mineral wool rwb thaiv tsev 0.18 m.
