Hnub no, arches nyob rau sab hauv ntawm thaj chaw nyob tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg nyob hauv rov tsim cov tsev. Qhov no yog ib tug thawj architectural tov. Feem ntau, qhov qhib qhib yog ua nyob rau hauv txoj kev.
Yam arches
Arches nyob rau hauv sab hauv yog monolithic qhob, plaster, cib thiab ntoo (beech, ntoo qhib, ntoo thuv).
Lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib tej zaum yuav muaj lancet lossis puag ncig. Arches nrog cov qauv puag ncig tau muab faib ua ntau hom:
- "classic" (kub vojvoog kom raug);
- "modern" (nce hauv arc ntawm koov);
- "kev hlub";
- "ellipsoid".
Brick arches
Arches nyob rau hauv sab hauv yog ua tib yam li masonry nyob rau hauv bow lintels.
Masonry yog nqa tawm ntawm lub formwork, lub hauv paus ntawm uas yog lub voj voog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug arch contour. Rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov xav tau, cov racks yog mounted ntawm cov wedges tshwj xeeb. Patterned cib yog siv rau masonry kom tag nrho cov seams muaj tib lub thickness.
Cib arches yog tsim nrog sib txawv nce thiab vojvoog ntawm curvature.
ntooarches
Cov qhov qhib no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov nplaum nplaum, sib txuas ua ke ntawm cov kab nruab nrab.
Plaub cov qauv paub txog cov phiaj xwm arches tsis muaj puffs.
Hauv thawj txoj kev, kev sib khi ntawm cov pob qij txha feem ntau yog ua nrog cov hlau tshwj xeeb, uas tau rub ua ke nrog bolts. Cov khoom ntoo raug txiav raws li qhov xav tau los ntawm ib daim ntoo raws li tus qauv muab.
Txoj kev no yooj yim heev, tab sis muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo, txij li cov ntoo ntawm qhov khoov feem ntau sib cais raws qhov ntev ntawm cov fibers, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom tsim.
Ntoo arches nyob rau hauv txoj kev thib ob yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo softened, yav tas los boiled los yog steamed nyob rau hauv hlau pwm.
Lub ntsiab yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog boiling dej thiab khaws cia rau ob peb teev ntawm ib tug tas mus li boiling dej. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm qhov khoov taw tes, qhov tsim nyog txhua yam kev ntxhov siab yog tsim los txhawm rau muab cov qauv xav tau. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ntau yam khoom siv uas zoo li cov yeeb nkab dabtsi yog khoov tshuab. Lub caij yog tsau nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau txoj hauj lwm kom txog thaum qhuav. Cov ntoo fibers ces coj mus rau ib tug ruaj khov zoo nrog lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm ib tug ncaj daim. Ua kom zoo tib yam khoov cov ntsiab lus, khoov hauv cov jigs tshwj xeeb.
Nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev, nyias strips ntawm ntoo yog glued mus rau ib tug ntoo thaiv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub arch ntsiab yog convex.
Arches hauv sab hauv tuaj yeem ua tauua kom tiav los ntawm kev yuav khoom hauv lub khw muag khoom network. Cov pob qij txha yog fastened nrog hlau daim hlau, nruj nrog bolts, uas yog kaw nrog hniav panels.
Tiav qhib
Kev ua lag luam muaj kev npaj ua arched qhib hauv daim ntawv disassembled, uas tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke ntawm nws tus kheej nrog qee qhov kev paub txog kev tsim cov khoom zoo li no.
Arches nyob rau hauv sab hauv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev hloov kho, yog li niaj hnub kev lag luam muaj cov khoom uas tso cai rau koj los hloov cov geometry ntawm lub qhov rooj qauv siv cov xauv, tshwj xeeb panels thiab cov hniav zoo nkauj.
