Amur barberry yog ib tsob nroj ntawm tsev neeg Barberry, yog ib hom ntawm genus Barberry. Tsis yog txhua tus paub tias tsob ntoo no yog dab tsi. Cov lus piav qhia thiab duab ntawm Amur barberry muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.
thaj chaw faib khoom
Hauv cov tsiaj qus, Amur barberry loj hlob hauv thaj chaw Primorsky thiab sab qab teb ntawm Khabarovsk Territory, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Kaus Lim Kauslim, thiab ib nrab hauv Nyiv. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm kev piav qhia los ntawm Amur River hav.
Nyob dav-nplooj, broad-leaved-cedar thiab cedar-spruce hav zoov, hav zoov ntug, roob hav dej, dej terraces, hav txwv yeem thickets, qhuav pob zeb thiab rubbly slopes. Nws nyiam cov av nplua nuj humus. Barberry tsis loj hlob nyob rau hauv tuab tuab.
Cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej yog lub caij ntuj no-hnyav, drought-resistant thiab kub-resistant, yog li cov neeg ua teb cog qoob loo zoo thoob plaws Russia.
Amur barberry: ntau yam piav qhia
Barberry yog ib tsob ntoo qis qis. Nws qhov siab yog mus txog 3.5 meters. Ib tsob ntoo nrog ncaj, tsis muaj zog, erect thiab ribbed ceg uas hloov xim ntawm daj mus rau grey los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg.
raumAmur barberry liab los yog xim av, mus txog 1.5 mm ntev, ntsim. Cov nplooj yog teem ua ke, cov duab ntawm nplooj yog elliptical los yog obovate, qhov ntev ntawm nplooj yog 12 cm, dav yog 5 cm. Cov nplooj lawv tus kheej yog membranous, cov npoo yog finely prickly-toothed. Cov xim ntawm nplooj txawv: los ntawm matte lub teeb ntsuab mus rau ntshav, tsaus liab. Nplooj loj hlob feem ntau nyob rau hauv bunches ntawm shortened tua.
Cov spines ntawm yellowish Amur barberry, raws li txoj cai, yog tripartite, ncav cuag 3 cm ntev.
Cov paj ntawm tsob ntoo yog racemose, mus txog 10 cm ntev, nyob rau hauv inflorescence los ntawm 10 mus rau 25 paj. Cov paj lawv tus kheej tau poob rau ntawm pedicels ntev (txog 1 cm), cov xim yog daj ntseg daj, lawv txawv los ntawm ib tug muaj zog aroma. Rau sepals obovate. Kuj tseem muaj rau petals thiab stamens. Amur barberry shrubs blooms nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis-Lub rau hli ntuj, flowering duration - mus txog 20 hnub.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm barberry yog qhuav, ellipsoidal nyob rau hauv cov duab, txog 1 cm ntev, ci liab nyob rau hauv cov xim, qaub nyob rau hauv saj. Cov noob yog ovoid nyob rau hauv cov duab, 4-5 mm ntev. Hauv 1 kg, muaj kwv yees li 6200 txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lub sijhawm fruiting ntawm tsob ntoo yog Lub Yim Hli-Lub Kaum Hli.
Summing txog cov lus piav qhia ntawm Amur barberry, peb tuaj yeem hais tias hnub no cov nroj tsuag no nrov heev. Vim yog cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov hav txwv yeem, nplooj loj, ntau paj thiab fruiting, ob qho tib si ib leeg thiab pab pawg cog yog pom zoo, thiab.hedges.
Tshuaj ntsuab
Amur barberry feem ntau siv los ua tshuaj. Nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tawv ntoo thiab cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau sau.
Kev sau qoob loo tshwm sim nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis-Lub Rau Hli, thaum barberry blooms. Nplooj tuaj yeem txiav nrog txiab lossis txiav tawm yooj yim. Tom qab ntawd lawv qhuav, nteg tawm ntawm daim ntawv los yog ntawm ntaub nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ventilated (nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug canopy). Tom qab nplooj qhuav, lawv dhau los ua tsaus ntsuab saum toj no thiab lub teeb ntsuab hauv qab. Lawv lawv tus kheej yuav nyias, nkig, twisted, nrog ib tug peculiar tsw thiab me ntsis acidic saj. Qhuav, zoo-ventilated cheeb tsam yog haum rau cia. Cov nplooj feem ntau khaws cia rau 1-1.5 xyoo.
Kev sau cov hauv paus hniav tshwm sim rau lub caij nplooj zeeg (Lub Kaum Hli-Kaum Ib Hlis) lossis caij nplooj ntoos hlav (Lub Plaub Hlis). Lawv yuav tsum tau khawb nrog ib tug duav, shaken tawm hauv av, txiav tawm me me keeb kwm thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom khaws lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj. Cov hauv paus hniav qhuav yuav tsum tau txiav rau hauv 1.5-2 cm thiab qhuav zoo. Rau qhov no, ob qho tib si canopy lossis attic, nrog rau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws lossis qhov cub, yog qhov tsim nyog. Cov hauv paus hniav qhuav zoo muaj qhov ntev ntev, cov txiv qaub daj sab hauv, xim av sab nraud, nrog cov ntxhiab tsw me ntsis thiab iab saj.
Cov hauv paus system ntawm hav txwv yeem tsis siv tag nrho, raws li txoj cai, txiav ntawm 10-15 cm yog sab laug. Rau cov cag tuab (ntau dua 6 cm inch), tsuas yog cov tawv ntoo thiab me me ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. core yog siv.
cov cag qhuav tau ntim rau hauv hnab thiab khaws cia ntev txog 3 xyoos.
Kev sau qoob loo tshwm sim thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav (Lub Plaub Hlis-Tsib Hlis), thaum lubdej ntws. Tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais hluas ceg tsim nyog rau qhov no, uas yog txiav raws tag nrho txoj kab uas hla tom qab 10-15 cm, ces txiav nrog thiab tshem tawm cov tawv ntoo. Koj yuav tsum tau qhuav nws tib yam li cov hauv paus hniav. Thaum qhuav, cov tawv ntoo zoo li cov hlab los yog grooves nrog ntoo seem ntawm sab hauv. Cov xim ntawm cov tawv tawv qhuav yog daj-grey sab hauv thiab grey los yog xim av-daj sab nraud, nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb tsw thiab iab saj. Nws tuaj yeem khaws cia txog 3 xyoos.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug sau tom qab lawv siav tag nrho thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lig, thaum thawj Frost dhau los. Koj tuaj yeem ziab lawv nyob rau hauv lub hnub, hauv qab lub canopy lossis hauv qhov cub.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj
Amur barberry yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv alkaloids, berberine, palmitine, thiab lwm yam. Cov tawv ntoo thiab cov hauv paus hniav muaj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv berberine, oxyacanthin, alkaloids, tannins, colorants thiab resinous tshuaj.
Barberry txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ntau cov suab thaj, carotene, vitamin K, ascorbic, citric, tartaric, malic acid, alkaloids, tannins, pectin, dyes, ntxhia ntsev. Cov nplooj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tannins, resinous tshuaj, cov roj yam tseem ceeb, vitamin C, malic acid, carotene, phylloquinone.
Barberry npaj muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, choleretic, diuretic, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj astringent, hemostatic thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Nrog kev pab los ntawm berberine, uas yog ib feem ntawm barberry, lawv txo cov ntshav siab, ua kom cov mem tes qeeb thaum lub sij hawm tachycardia, thiab ua rau kom cov kua tsib.
Amur barberry yog dav siv hauv tshuaj. Lawv kho mob ntevkab mob ntawm daim siab thiab gallbladder, peptic rwj ntawm lub plab thiab duodenum, o ntawm lub Upper pa ib ntsuj av tau thiab tuberculosis. Nrog kev pab ntawm barberry, raws plab, dysentery, thiab hawb pob yog kho. Barberry tincture nres uterine los ntshav hauv lub sijhawm tom qab yug menyuam.
Amur barberry tsis xaiv txog cov av, tsis ntshai cua daj cua dub, zam dej nag zoo, tsis nyiam tsuas yog waterlogging. Cov nroj tsuag yog photophilous, tab sis yuav loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntxoov ntxoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj tsuas yog ib tug feature: yog hais tias koj loj hlob bushes nyob rau hauv ncaj qha tshav ntuj, ces cov xim ntawm nplooj yuav saturated liab doog; bushes loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntxoov ntxoo yuav muaj ntsuab xim nyob rau hauv nplooj.
Nrog kev cog ib zaug, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 1.5-2 meters. Thaum ua ib tug dawb-loj hlob hedge, ob barberry bushes yog cog rau 1 meter khiav. Yog hais tias koj xav tau ib tug tuab hedge, ces 4 bushes ib 1 meter.
Cov nroj tsuag loj hlob zoo hauv cov av acidic thiab nruab nrab, txawm tias nws nyiam cov av nruab nrab.
Cov av sib xyaw rau cog yog npaj los ntawm vaj av, humus thiab xuab zeb hauv qhov sib npaug. Yog hais tias cov av tseem acidic, ces liming yog pom zoo.
Koj tuaj yeem pub cov nroj tsuag xyoo ob tom qab cog. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, qhov no yog ua nrog kev pab los ntawm nitrogen chiv. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau pub 1 zaug hauv 3 xyoos nrog cov chiv chiv nrog cov kab kawm. Dej barberry ib zaug ib lub lim tiam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag nyiam cov nroj tsuag thiab nquag loosening.
Txhua xyoopruning barberry - tshem tawm qaug zog, tsis zoo tsim tua. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog advisable kom nyias tawm lub qub bushes. Tsim hedges, pruning yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo tom qab cog, thaum txiav tawm txog ib nrab ntawm cov saum toj no-hauv av ib feem. Tom qab ntawd, pruning yog ua tiav 2 zaug hauv ib xyoos: Lub Rau Hli thiab Lub Yim Hli.
Amur barberry cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab hauv qab no:
- Barberry aphid - thaum nplooj shrivel thiab qhuav tawm. Kev daws ntawm xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws (300 grams ntawm xab npum ib thoob dej) pab kom tshem tau nws. Txau rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
- Paj moth - cov kab ntsig no noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. "Decis" (0.05-0.01%) lossis "Chlorophos" (0.1-0.3%) pab tshem tawm.
Los ntawm cov kab mob powdery mildew tuaj yeem raug sau tseg. Nws tshwm raws li cov hmoov txheej ntawm nplooj, tua thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Colloidal sulfur tov (0.5%), sulfur-lime tov los yog sulfur-lime decoction pab tshem tawm. Thawj zaug yog txau thaum nplooj tawg, tom qab ntawd txhua 2-3 lub lis piam. Cov tua raug mob hnyav yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab hlawv.
Barberry ntawm no ntau yam tsis tshua cuam tshuam los ntawm xeb dua lwm hom barberry.
Kev cog qoob loo thiab cog qoob loo ntawm Amur barberry
Y Cov nroj tsuag propagates los ntawm kev faib cov hav txwv yeem, cov hauv paus hniav, txiav thiab noob. Nrog thawj zaug, txhua yam yog tseeb, xav txog kev cog qoob loo ntawm Amur barberry los ntawm cov noob.
Cov noob tau sown, feem ntau yog lub caij nplooj zeeg. Freshly khaws berries yuav tsum tau squeezed, sifted los ntawm ib tug sieve, rinsed thiab maj mam.qhuav.
Y Sowing nws tus kheej yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv pre-npaj grooves rau ib tug tob ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 1 cm. Cov av rau loj hlob Amur barberry yuav tsum xoob thiab fertile, thiab lub site yuav tsum qhib thiab zoo ci. Thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, cov noob sprouts ua ke. Thaum ob nplooj tiag tiag tshwm sim, cov yub yuav tsum tau thinned tawm, tawm ntawm qhov deb li 3 cm ntawm lawv, tom qab ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis hloov cov yub, hloov pauv tau tom qab ob xyoos.
Siv barberry
Kev siv Amur barberry yog ntau yam. Ntxiv rau nws cov khoom siv tshuaj, hedges thiab ciam teb yog tsim los ntawm barberry bushes. Cov nroj tsuag no zoo meej rau cov xwm txheej ntawm central Russia. Cov hedges ntawm lawv yog impenetrable. Lawv tuaj yeem txiav tau yooj yim, muab cov bushes txhua yam duab. Barberry yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo ib leeg thiab pab pawg, rau kev loj hlob hauv lub vaj pob zeb thiab ua lub hauv paus.
Ntau yam
Cov hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Amur barberry yog Orpheus thiab Japonica.
Orpheus yog cov cog ntoo me me. Nws muaj nplooj daj ntseg thiab tsis paj.
Japanica muaj nplooj dav thiab ntev daj inflorescences poob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txhuam. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, tsob ntoo zoo nkauj heev.
