Kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau tus kws tshaj lij hauv daim teb no. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsim nyog yuav cov hlua, cov xov hlau thiab ntau yam cables rau kev teeb tsa, nws yuav tsum nkag siab lawv cov cim. Qhov taw qhia ntawm tus lej lej ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev yog qhov cim ntawm cov xov hlau.
Tam sim no, txhua tus neeg tsim khoom tsim lawv cov khoom lag luam nrog cov lej kom txhua tus neeg siv khoom, saib nws, tuaj yeem nkag siab tias cov khoom tsim los ntawm, dab tsi yog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, hom ntu ntu, nrog rau nws. tsim nta thiab hom rwb thaiv tsev.
Txhawm rau ua raws li cov kev txwv no, tag nrho cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov lag luam koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb - GOST. Hlau npav tseem tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm theem, xoom, thiab qee zaum, hauv av. Xav txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm lub khw.
Cab
Cov kab hluav taws xob muaj ntau yam nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv. Lawv kuj tseem muaj cov tooj liab lossis txhuas cov hlua, uas tau muab khi ua ke hauv ib qho los yog sib txawv cov ntaub ntawv winding ntawmyas los yog PVC. Tsis tas li ntawd qee zaum kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub thaiv npog ntxiv uas ua los ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, xim coding ntawm cov xov hlau kuj yuav txawv. Yog li, lawv paub qhov txawv:
- RF cables uas nqa xov tooj cua thiab video signals.
- Control rau cov teeb liab kis mus rau qee yam khoom siv.
- Fais fab cables yog siv rau hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo kom xa hluav taws xob. Yuav siv tau ob qho tib si hauv thiab sab nraud thaiv.
- Cables muaj peev xwm ua tau tam sim no ntawm ntau zaus yog siv los xa kev sib txuas lus.
- Hauv cov tshuab automation, tswj cov kab hluav taws xob tau siv, uas yog tooj liab conductors nyob rau hauv lub vijtsam tiv thaiv uas tshem tawm kev cuam tshuam thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
Wires
Ib yam khoom tsim los ntawm ntau lub xov hlau lossis tsuas yog ib qho hu ua hlau. Feem ntau, cov winding yog yas, tsawg zaus xaim, tab sis kuj tsis muaj rwb thaiv tsev txhua.
Tam sim no, kev nyiam ntau dua yog muab rau cov xov hlau, cov cores uas yog ua los ntawm tooj liab lossis txhuas. Cov khoom zoo li no tsis yog siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog windings rau hluav taws xob motors.
Txhuas xov hlau yog tus nqi qis, txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis tuaj yeem txuas nrog lwm tus, piv txwv li, tooj liab, suav tias yog qhov tsis zoo. Cov khoom siv tooj liab tiv taus qhov hnyav, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov huab cua qhib lawv sai sai oxidize thiabmuaj nyiaj ntau.
Kev cim ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob kuj nyob ntawm lawv lub hom phiaj. Kev teeb tsa thiab lub zog siv ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw. Mounting, nyob rau hauv lem, yog siv nyob rau hauv sau ntawm hluav taws xob circuits nyob rau hauv switchboards los yog xov tooj cua khoom.
Txoj hlua yog ob peb lub cores nrog me me hla ntu, uas muaj ntau cov xov hlau txuas nrog ib leeg. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no yog sawv cev los ntawm cov hlua khi, cov winding uas tsis yog xim hlau.
Kev siv cov hlua tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txuas rau lub network ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Lab ntawv cim
Ib yam khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug cim raws li GOSTs. Thawj tsab ntawv txhais tau hais tias cov khoom siv los ntawm cov tub ntxhais ua. Yog tias nws yog tooj liab, tsab ntawv tsis raug muab, yog tias nws yog txhuas, ces nws raug cim nrog tsab ntawv "A".
Kev txiav txim siab lub cim ntawm lub cable thiab xaim nrog tsab ntawv thib ob qhia txog hom lossis cov khoom ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Nws, nyob ntawm seb hom xaim, tuaj yeem sau ua "P", "M", "MG", "K", "U", uas sib haum rau lub tiaj tus, mounting, mounting nrog hloov tau yooj yim conductors, tswj thiab installation hom. ntawm kab. Lub installation kuj tseem raug cim ua "P" lossis "Sh".
Daim ntawv tom ntej, tsab ntawv thib peb, txhais tau hais tias cov khoom siv ntawm winding ntawm cov khoom:
- "K" - kapron;
- "C" - fiberglass;
- "VR" lossis "P" - PVC;
- "Ф" - hlau;
- "E" - shielded;
- "P" -roj hmab;
- "ME" - enamelled;
- "T" - winding nrog txhawb nqa lub cev;
- "HP" lossis "N" - Nairite;
- "L" - lacquered;
- "G" - winding nrog ib tug saj zawg zog core;
- "O" thiab "W" - polyamide txhob lo lo ntxhuav ua cov hlua khi lossis rwb thaiv tsev.
Hlau cim tseem tuaj yeem muaj tsab ntawv thib plaub, uas qhia txog tus qauv tsim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob:
- "K" - cov hlau yog armored nrog cov xov hlau puag ncig;
- "A" - asph alt hlau;
- "T" - cov khoom siv yog siv rau hauv cov kav dej;
- "B" - armored nrog ribbons;
- "O" - lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hlua tiv thaiv;
- "G" - rau cov xaim - hloov pauv, thiab rau lub cable - tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.
cov cim digital
Lub cim ntawm cov xaim hluav taws xob los ntawm thawj tus lej qhia tus lej ntawm cov cores, yog tias nws tsis tuaj, tus neeg xyuas pib tsuas muaj ib qho tseem ceeb. Tus lej thib ob thiab tus lej thib peb txhais tau hais tias cov xaim seem hauv square millimeters thiab qhov ntsuas tiv taus hluav taws xob ntawm lub network.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws
Feem ntau ntawm cov xim cim ntawm cov xov hlau yog tsim los pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm nws qhov kev siv.
Raws li txoj cai kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum yog ntsuab-daj. Qee zaum, xim tsuas yog ntsuab lossis daj xwb.
Rau hauv av, cov xim xim hlau yog siv rau hauvlongitudinal los yog transverse kev taw qhia. Ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, "hauv av" feem ntau txhais los ntawm cov ntawv "PE", uas qee zaum kuj hu ua xoom tiv thaiv.
Zero
Kev sib cuag xoom ua haujlwm tsis nqa cov nqi hluav taws xob, tab sis tsuas yog tus neeg xyuas pib xwb. Xim cim ntawm cov xov hlau yuav tsum yog xiav lossis xiav. Ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, xoom feem ntau txhais tau tias "N".
Phase
Cov kab hluav taws xob theem ib txwm muaj zog yog tias nws txuas nrog lub network. Phase hlau xim cim tuaj yeem ua rau ntau xim - xim av, dub, turquoise, ntshav, grey thiab lwm yam. Tab sis feem ntau cov theem conductors yog dawb los yog dub.
PEN tus neeg xyuas pib
Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev lossis thaj chaw, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom av lossis tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov xaim hluav taws xob. Tam sim no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav TN-C grounding system, uas suav nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv av thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov xov hlau. Cov xim cim ntawm cov xov hlau ua ke raws li qhov system no yuav hloov ntawm daj-ntsuab mus rau xiav.
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum faib tus neeg xyuas pib rau hauv ob lub log tsheb - PE thiab N, uas tom qab sib txuas los ntawm lub jumper hauv nruab nrab lossis ob ntawm ntug. Tom qab ntawd rov ua dua lub npav PE thiab xyuas qhov kev tiv thaiv.
Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas av, nruab nrab thiab theem?
Qee lub sij hawm thaum kho lossis hloov kho cov xaim hluav taws xob, nws yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb cov hlau twg txhais tau li cas. Tab sis nws tshwm sim tias qhov cim ntawm cov xov hlau los ntawm cov xim tsis yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo hauv qhov no, vim yog lub sijhawm ntev.kev khiav hauj lwm los yog thaum muaj ib tug luv luv Circuit Court, qhov no ua tsis tau.
Txoj haujlwm no tuaj yeem daws tau nrog kev siv lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, nrov hu ua "tswj". Txoj kev no yog tsim nyog rau ib-theem network, tsis muaj cov xaim hauv av. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau tua hluav taws xob, cais ob qho tib si conductors mus rau sab thiab tig rau hluav taws xob vaj huam sib luag dua. Tom qab ntawd, coj tus taw qhia ntswj mus rau ib qho ntawm cov xov hlau. Yog hais tias lub teeb ntawm "tswj" teeb, raws li, cov hlau no yuav yog theem, thiab cov tub ntxhais tseem ceeb yuav yog xoom.
Yog tias cov xaim yog peb-xaim, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab ntsuas ntsuas los txiav txim siab txhua qhov ntawm cov xov hlau. Cov cuab yeej no muaj ob lub xov hlau. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau teem nws mus rau qhov ntsuas voltage ntawm tshaj 220 volts. Tom qab ntawd, kho ib qho ntawm cov xov hlau ntawm multimeter ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov theem, thiab txiav txim siab hauv av los yog nruab nrab nrog rau lwm yam. Yog tias pom cov xaim hauv av nrog cov xaim thib ob, cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub cuab yeej yuav poob me ntsis hauv qab 220, thiab yog xoom, ces qhov voltage yuav hloov mus rau 220 volts.
Txoj kev thib peb rau kev txheeb xyuas cov xov hlau tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias tsis muaj lub hau ntswj lossis lub ntsuas ntsuas ntawm tes. Kev cim ntawm cov xov hlau tuaj yeem pab nrog qhov no, uas nyob rau hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej rau xoom kev sib cais yuav raug cim xim xiav thiab xiav. Lwm ob qhov kev sib cuag yuav nyuaj dua los txheeb xyuas.
Yog tias ib qho ntawm cov neeg muaj xim thiab lwm qhov yog xim dawb lossis xim dub, ces feem ntau cov xim yuav yog theem. Raws li cov qauv qub, cov xaim hauv av tau qhia dub thiab dawb.
Kuj, raws li txoj cai kev teeb tsaCov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov xaim hauv av yog cim dawb.
Kev kos npe hauv DC circuit
Cov cim ntawm cov xov hlau hauv DC voltage network muaj xim liab rwb thaiv tsev rau ntxiv, thiab dub rau rho tawm. Yog tias lub network yog peb-theem, ces txhua theem yuav muaj nws cov xim tshwj xeeb: liab, daj thiab ntsuab. Zero thiab hauv av, raws li ib txwm, yuav xiav thiab daj-ntsuab.
Yog hais tias lub 380 Volt cable raug tso, cov kab hluav taws xob theem yuav sib haum rau cov xim dub, dawb thiab liab, thiab xim ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab lub ntiaj teb yuav nyob twj ywm tsis hloov, ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv nrog 220 Volt network.
Kev tsim tus kheej ntawm cov xov hlau
Qee zaum, rau qhov tsis muaj xim haum, koj tuaj yeem hloov xim ntawm tib lub xaim siv rau xoom, theem thiab hauv av. Hauv qhov no, kev txiav txim siab cov cim ntawm cov hlau yuav pab tau zoo heev.
Koj tuaj yeem ua cov cim me me ntawm cov xov hlau, uas tuaj yeem pab tau zoo rau yav tom ntej. Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv daim kab xev hluav taws xob xim thiab qhwv cov xov hlau raws li cov cim.
Hnub no, cambric, uas yog xim yas raj muaj peev xwm ua kom sov shrinkage, yog nyob rau hauv xav tau heev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv busbars, nws tseem yuav tsum tau kos lub xaus ntawm cov conductors.
