Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los ua cov zaus hloov pauv nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, txij li koj yuav tsum tau paub zoo hauv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob semiconductor. Tab sis ua ntej koj xav txog kev tsim cov cuab yeej no, koj yuav tsum paub seb lawv siv li cas. Koj kuj yuav tsum paub tias dab tsi yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob no.
Dab tsi yog qhov hloov pauv zaus?
Txhua tus paub tias muaj qhov hloov pauv tam sim no hauv lub network, thiab nws muaj qee zaus. Nyob rau hauv Russia, tus qauv yog 50 Hertz. Hauv qee lub tebchaws Western, tus qauv sib txawv me ntsis yog 60 Hertz. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam khoom siv yog nyob ntawm qhov zaus ntawm qhov tam sim no. Cov converters yog siv los ua lub zog asynchronous motors. Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, inverters tau dhau los ua dav, txij li thaum lawv sivtso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov txheej txheem loj.
Hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov ceev ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm txoj siv sia ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev siv lub gearbox, uas yog raws li hom tsheb gearbox. Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem yog txhua yam (siv ob peb lub zog) lossis CVT. Tab sis nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua los hloov cov kev txwv ntawm qhov tam sim no uas pub lub cev muaj zog. Tig tus hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov qhov nrawm ntawm qhov kev sib hloov. Ntxiv mus, qhov zaus tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntau yam.
Dab tsi lwm yam nta ua cov zaus hloov pauv muaj?
Ntxiv rau, qhov chaw inverter tso cai rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob maj mam nce nrawm dua li ob peb feeb. Lub sij hawm yog teem los ntawm tus neeg siv los ntawm zaus converter muaj nuj nqi programming. Ib yam li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem ua nrog lub sijhawm nres lub armature ntawm lub cav. Qhov no txo cov load ntawm tus tsav, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws cov peev txheej.
Ntxiv rau, rau cov lag luam me uas tsis muaj peev xwm muab lawv tus kheej nrog peb-theem network, tab sis yuav tsum muaj, kev siv cov zaus hloov pauv yog qhov tseeb panacea. Muaj ntau ntau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv zoo li no uas txuas nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv tam sim no, thiab lawv tsim peb ntawm cov zis. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm ntsaws lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua. Thiab qhov no, nws yuav tsis poob lub zog, nws txoj haujlwm yuav raug.
Power Cheebtsam ntawm converters
Txhua zaus hloov pauv siv lub zog IGBT lossis MOSFET transistors. Lawv zoo tagnrho rau hom haujlwm no. Lawv yog mounted nyob rau hauv nyias modules. Txoj kev teeb tsa no tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov transistors no ua haujlwm hauv hom tseem ceeb, kev tswj hwm yog nqa tawm siv lub microprocessor system. Qhov tseeb yog tias tag nrho cov kev tswj yog tsawg-tam sim no, hloov high voltages tsis tas yuav tsum tau. Yog li, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav siv qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws microprocessor.
Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm IR2132 thiab IR2130 series. Lawv muaj rau tus tsav tsheb uas tswj cov yuam sij. Peb siv rau hauv qab thiab peb rau saum. Qhov kev sib dhos no tso cai rau koj los siv qhov yooj yim cascade ntawm lub zaus converter. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj ntau qib kev tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, tiv thaiv luv luv thiab overload. Cov yam ntxwv ntxaws ntxiv ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem pom hauv phau ntawv qhia. Tab sis tag nrho cov ntsiab lus muaj zog muaj qhov tsis zoo - tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom.
Daim duab kab ke ntawm lub converter
Txhua zaus hloov pauv rau lub cev muaj zog muaj peb lub ntsiab thaiv - lub rectifier, lim, inverter. Nws hloov tawm tias AC voltage yog thawj zaug hloov mus rau DC, ces lim. Tom qab tag nrho cov no, nws yog inverted rau hauv ib tug variable. Tab sis muaj qhov thib peb thaiv - microprocessor tswj ntawm inverter. Thiab kom meej meej, muaj zog IGBT transistors. Yog hais tias koj puas tau de alt nrogzaus converters, ces koj paub tias nyob rau pem hauv ntej vaj huam sib luag lawv muaj ob peb nyees khawm rau programming.
Phau ntawv qhia ntawm lub inverter yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas teeb tsa tag nrho cov haujlwm. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj heev, vim tias muaj ntau qhov chaw txawm tias nyob hauv cov cuab yeej yooj yim tshaj plaws. Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tso cai rau koj hloov qhov zaus ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub cev muaj zog armature, kho lub sijhawm nrawm thiab nrawm, kuj tseem muaj ntau qib kev tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, overcurrent. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv, tsis tas yuav nruab tsis siv neeg keyboards.
Rectifier unit
Raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov pauv zaus, cov txheej txheem sib txawv tau siv. Thiab qhov kev xaiv fais fab tuaj yeem yog los ntawm peb-theem network, lossis los ntawm ib-theem ib zaug. Tab sis ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm inverter, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, muaj peb-theem alternating voltage. Tab sis txhawm rau tswj qhov tam sim no, nws yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej. Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los tswj qhov sib txawv - nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov rheostats loj, uas tsis yooj yim heev. Ntxiv mus, tam sim no yog lub sijhawm ntawm microelectronics thiab automation, nws tsis yog tsuas yog tsis tsim nyog siv cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub, tab sis kuj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj rau lub diodes semiconductor yog siv los kho qhov peb-theem hloov tam sim no. Lawv hloov mus rau hauv ib lub voj voog choj, nws hloov tawm tias txhua khub ntawm diodes pab kho ib theem. Ib qho hluav taws xob tas li tshwm sim ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm lub rectifier unit, nwstus nqi yog sib npaug rau qhov uas ntws mus rau cov tswv yim. Nyob rau theem no, tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv tau ua tiav, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov thaiv no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas lub hwj chim muab los ntawm ib tug ib-theem network, ib tug rectifier theem yog txaus txawm los ntawm ib tug diode. Tab sis nws siv tau zoo dua los siv tus choj txuas ntawm plaub.
Filter box
Cov qauv no yog siv rau DC voltage lim. Qhov yooj yim version ntawm lub thaiv yog ib qho inductor nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub xub pwg nyom zoo. Ib qho electrolytic capacitor txuas nrog ntawm cov ncej. Nws muaj ib txoj haujlwm - tshem tawm cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub rectifier tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov ripples. Tseem tshuav me me ntawm AC uas tuaj yeem ua suab nrov thaum ua haujlwm.
Txhawm rau xav txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lim lim, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev hloov cov ntsiab lus. Thaum ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tam sim no ncaj qha, qhov inductance hloov pauv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub capacitor hloov los ntawm qhov qhib Circuit Court. Tab sis thaum powered los ntawm alternating tam sim no, lub capacitance yog hloov los ntawm tsis kam. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov khoom sib txawv tsis tau ploj mus, txij li qhov luv luv tshwm sim hauv qhov no. Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no yog qhov nyuaj heev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem theoretical ntawm hluav taws xob engineering. Tab sis lub 3-theem zaus converter tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj qhov no.
Inverter theem
Thiab ntawm no qhov kev lom zem pib - kev siv lub zog IGBT transistors. Lawv yog tswj los ntawm microprocessor system, los ntawmqhov zoo ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm yog nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov zaus converter. Xws li ib tug voltage converter Circuit Court yog dav siv. Qhov tseeb, nrog kev pab ntawm lub hwj chim transistors, txhua qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, rau lub ntsiab yog siv nyob rau hauv lub yooj yim Circuit Court - ob rau txhua theem. Lub zaus converter tsim 220 volts ntawm txhua theem nrog rau xoom.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov rov qab voltage, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor. Lawv txuas nrog lub collector thiab emitter ntawm lub hwj chim transistors. Kev tswj hwm yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov nkag ntawm lub hauv paus. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, ua-nws-koj tus kheej zaus converters muaj ob lub transistors rau txhua theem hauv inverter cascade. Qhib lawv cov p-n junctions hauv series. Cov theem raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm txhua lub xub pwg nyom. Npaj-ua modules muaj nyob rau hauv kev muag khoom, lawv muaj kev coj mus rau kev muab hluav taws xob ncaj qha, nrog rau peb tus neeg rau kev tshem tawm peb-theem alternating. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov sib txuas rau kev sib txuas ntawm microcontroller tswj system.
Microprocessor tswj
Y Siv los hloov lub zog ncej ceev los ntawm lub inverter, qhov voltage, nws qhov zaus zaus yog 50Hz, tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv amplitude ntau yam. Thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, los ntawm xoom mus rau zaus uas microprocessor tuaj yeem muab tau. Qhov kev xav tau tseem ceeb rau tom kawg yog lub peev xwm los txuas ntau yam khoom siv. Thaum kojtsim ib lub converter, qhov voltage, zaus ntawm kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov pauv, yuav tsum tau tswj los ntawm tus processor. Nws raug xaiv kom zoo, nws yuav tsum muaj tus lej txaus ntawm I / O ports.
Koj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub kaw lus me ntsis los ntawm kev txuas lub LCD zaub rau microcontroller. Cov xim rendering siab tsis tas yuav tsum tau los ntawm nws, monochrome txaus, zoo li hauv cov tshuab xam zauv yooj yim. Cov nyees khawm rau programming kuj txuas nrog rau cov chaw nres nkoj tawm tswv yim. Qhov no yog qhov koj tuaj yeem ua qhov yooj yim zaus converter. Tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yuav tsis ntau tshaj ob txhiab rubles. Tab sis tus nqi ntawm lub inverter nrog lub zog ntawm 200-750 watts yog li ntawm 6500 txog 12000 rubles. Txhua yam nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Device case
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej zaus hloov pauv yuav tsum muaj vaj tse txhim khu kev qha. Tsis tsuas yog yooj yim ntawm kev siv nyob ntawm nws, tab sis kuj efficiency. Lub hauv paus yog ua los ntawm aluminium. Yog vim li cas rau kev siv cov khoom no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom txias txias. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, IGBT module ua kub heev, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov semiconductor diodes kuj nce. Thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem txawm tias koj muaj 380 lossis 220 Volt zaus hloov pauv.
Tsawg lub cev yog ua los ntawm yas. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas txhua lub zog hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab zais los ntawm nws, kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, nws yog tsim nyog los muab ib lub qhov rau lub LCD zaub thiab cov nyees khawm. Cais, hauvib qho chaw yooj yim, ib qho kev hloov pauv hloov tau raug teeb tsa. Thaum programming lub microcontroller, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov kev tiv thaiv no hloov qhov zaus ntawm cov zis tam sim no.
Kub pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov cua kub dissipation. Lub zog ntau dua ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim tawm, qhov kev ntseeg siab ntau dua qhov cua txias yuav tsum yog. Raws li tau hais los saum no, lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm txhuas. Lub voltage converter Circuit Court yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv overheating. Rau lub hom phiaj no, nws yuav tsum tau laum ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse, ib tug kub sensor yog mounted nyob rau hauv nws. Los ntawm nws, lub teeb liab yog pub los ntawm ib lub cuab yeej txuam rau microcontroller. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub siab tshaj qhov siab tshaj, lub load yuav tsum raug txiav. Yog li ntawd, lub hwj chim transistor module muab tua.
txhawm rau txhim kho cov cua sov, cov kiv cua yuav tsum tau siv. Lawv qhov chaw yuav tsum raug xaiv kom cov huab cua ntws txias rau lub radiator fins ntawm rooj plaub. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cua txias, koj yuav tsum siv thermal paste. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhib cov kiv cua thaum lub sijhawm pib lub cuab yeej. Tab sis nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau tus maub los siv lub teeb liab los ntawm qhov ntsuas kub. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias nce mus txog ib nrab ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kev kaw thaum muaj xwm ceev ntawm lub cuab yeej tshwm sim, cov kiv cua tig rau.
Circuit board
Raws li lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv cov kev xaiv npaj txhij. Ntawm kev muag khoom muaj cov laug cam ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv nrog qhov nyob ib puag ncig uasme me tinned hu. Lawv yog colloquially hu ua "ntses". Qhov tsuas yog qhov tsim nyog xav txog yog qhov muaj peev xwm hloov cov processor thiab microcircuits. Rau lub hom phiaj no, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov connectors uas yog soldered rau lub rooj tsavxwm. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej zaus converters yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau kev cia siab ntawm kev hloov ceev ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Lub IC lossis maub los tsuas yog ntsaws rau hauv lub qhov (socket), zoo li lub ntsaws rau hauv lub qhov (socket).
Cov Lus Qhia
Koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej zaus hloov pauv. Tus nqi ntawm analogues, raws li peb pom, yog ntau dua. Txawm hais tias, tau kawg, lawv muaj sijhawm ntau dua. Tab sis qhov tseeb, yog tias koj ua tib zoo saib, nws hloov tawm tias tsis muaj ntau tshaj tsib lub luag haujlwm tau siv tiag tiag. Thaum tsav tsheb khiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau hloov qhov kev sib hloov ceev, nrog rau kev kho lub sijhawm acceleration thiab deceleration. Tsawg me ntsis, qhov rov qab ua haujlwm thiab hloov qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai tam sim no siv.
