Qhob yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntau tshaj plaws uas tseem tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Thiab tseem, kev xyaum dav ntawm kev txhim kho nws tus kheej kev ua tau zoo vim muaj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tau muaj rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos. Niaj hnub nimno additives rau pob zeb yog tsom rau kev txhim kho ntau yam ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom thiab ua kom nws zoo nkauj dua.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog cov khoom ntxiv hauv cov pob zeb
Qhob yog ib lub tsev ua tiav, uas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb mortar. Ib txwm muaj pes tsawg leeg rau pob zeb muaj xws li xuab zeb, crushed pob zeb thiab dej nyob rau hauv sib txawv fractions thiab ratios. Lub ntsiab tivthaiv, tsis hais lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib tov, yuav yog cement ntawm ib hom lossis lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw no yuav txaus los tsim pob zeb rau ntau homkev ua haujlwm - los ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus peev mus rau kev sib khi ntawm cov kab nrib pleb me me ntawm phab ntsa. Dab tsi yog pob zeb additives? Cov no yog lub tsev additives, uas kuj tau nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj, ntxiv hloov nws zoo. Obviously, ua ntej siv lawv, txoj hauj lwm yog los txhim kho qee yam khoom ntawm cov qauv kawg. Ntawm cov teebmeem nrov tshaj plaws, ib tus tuaj yeem nco txog qhov nce hauv dej tsis kam (waterproofing), acceleration ntawm hardening, ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv, kev txhim kho cov khoom tiv thaiv kub thiab tsis kub, thiab lwm yam. Cov additive nws tus kheej tuaj yeem muab tau ob qho tib si hauv cov kua thiab hmoov. daim ntawv. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv nws lub cev ncaj qha thiab tshuaj lom neeg, uas thaum kawg cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb tawv tawv.
Ntau yam ntxhia ntxiv
Kev faib tawm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov pab pawg nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom ntxiv rau cov pob zeb ua pob zeb. Mineral additives tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: nquag thiab inert. Cov qub yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm sib cuam tshuam hauv tib qhov nruab nrab nrog dej thiab calcium ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom sib txuas tau tsim uas muab cov khoom sib txuas ntau dua. Tom qab muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj, lawv pib cov txheej txheem nquag ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog calcium hydroxide, uas tau muab tshem tawm ntawm Portland cement thaum lub sij hawm hydration. Dab tsi ntxiv rau pob zeb los ntawm pawg no yog qhov xav tau loj tshaj plaws? Vim muaj thiab xav tau cov nyhuv ntawm nws tus kheej-hardening, av moj tej tawg-kuav slag tau ua nrov. Txaussuav nrog txiv qaub nyob rau hauv kev sib tov zoo, raws li lub hom phiaj loj pib txheej txheem ntawm solidification thiab compaction ntawm tus qauv.
Raws li rau inert ntxhia additives, quartz xuab zeb (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib tsoo) yog suav hais tias yog cov feem ntau sawv cev ntawm pab pawg neeg no. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau pib nws lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, qhov kub tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau muab los ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam. Xws li txoj kev txhim kho cov cement mortars kuj siv thaum lub sij hawm autoclaving. Qhov kawg tshwm sim ntawm kev siv cov inert additives yog cov kev cai ntawm cov nplej muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab voids nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb nyuaj. Thaum tsim ib lub mortar, ib qho inert additive feem ntau yog siv tom qab cement.
Modifiers
Siv los kho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, uas pab tiv thaiv delamination thiab tawg, nrog rau txhim kho cov dej-repellent zoo ntawm cov khoom. Modifiers muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua los yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug xoob sib tov uas yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej. Thaum lub sij hawm stirring, ib tug nruab nrab tov los yog tsawg alkaline emulsion yog tsim. Lub modifier yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws rau cov pob zeb, uas tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov kev thov rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov qauv, thiab ntau yam ntawm cov additive nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm compatibility nrog ntau hom ntawm cement. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog txhua qhov zoo ntawm kev hloov kho. Hauv qee cov qauv, lawv tuaj yeem txo cov khoom siv, txhim kho cov nplaum zoo thiab cov dej ntws ntawm cov tshuaj.
YPlasticizers
suav nrog hauv cov chav kawm dav dav ntawm cov khoom ntxiv uas tswj cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm cov pob zeb thiab, tshwj xeeb, nws cov yam ntxwv muaj zog. Qhov tseeb, lub zog ntawm cov cement ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tom qab nws hardens nce. Plasticizers tuaj yeem ua kom cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog dua - uas yog, nyob rau hauv cov khoom hnyav thiab zoo li qub, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab chips yuav raug txo kom tsawg. Hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog seismic kev ua ub no, cov tshuaj ntxiv no tseem ceeb heev. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg, additives rau pob zeb rau lub zog yog muab faib ua plasticizers thiab superplasticizers. Qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov nyhuv. Piv txwv li, superplasticizers tuaj yeem nce lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj mus txog 10-20%. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, tsis zoo li cov yas yas, lawv txo qis qhov xav tau ntawm cov cement nrog dej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov cement tau txais kev cawmdim, thiab cov khoom muaj zog ntawm cov pob zeb tseem nyob ntawm tib theem qauv.
Dej txo cov additives
Yog tias cov yas yas txo qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej tsuas yog hauv daim ntawv ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm tsis ncaj, ces rau cov dej txo cov tshuaj ntxiv qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lub coefficient ntawm kev thov dej txo nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj cov tshuaj ntau tshaj 20%. Thaum kawg, cov qauv tiav tau txais cov yam ntxwv muaj zog dua, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab Frost tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej-repellent additive rau pob zeb ua kom txo qis cov txheej txheem tsis zoo ntawm delamination, creep thiab shrinkage ntawm cov qauv. Yog tias lub luag haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm Lawv ua kom cov dej tuav tau li 2 zaug thiabhomogeneity ntawm cov cement sib tov, txhim kho kev ua vaj tse xws li twj tso kua mis, ua haujlwm thiab kho.
Air entraining thiab tshuab additives
Yog tias nyob rau hauv cov dej, cov txiaj ntsig zoo tau ua tiav los ntawm kev txo qis nws cov kev suav nrog hauv cov tshuaj thaum nws npaj, ces huab cua, roj thiab ua npuas dej kuj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo. Los ntawm txoj kev, hydrophobic additives kuj muaj nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb ua qauv, lawv hloov qhov ntsuas ntawm dej nqus thiab dej tsis kam, txo qhov ceev thiab thermal conductivity. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum nws los txog rau lub teeb yuag thiab cellular pob zeb, thaum microclimatic es tsis yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv tuaj rau pem hauv ntej. Kev nkag mus ntawm cov huab cua sib tov tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal thiab cov txheej txheem thermal rwb thaiv tsev mortars.
Frost resistant additives
pab pawg no tuaj yeem hu ua cov tswj ntsuas kub - lwm qhov yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov zaub mov txawv yog tiv thaiv cov khoom ua vaj tse los ntawm Frost. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas pib txawm nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm hardening, thaum tus qauv yog tsawg kawg yog tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig. Nyob rau tib theem, pob zeb additives rau waterproofing yuav siv tau, txij li thaum lub preservation ntawm dispersed frozen droplets nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus qauv yuav ua rau kom muaj feem yuav ua tsis tau tejyam nyob rau hauv dynamic loads. Qee lub sij hawm nws kuj tau xyaum los muab cua sov los ntawm sab nraud txhais tau tiasdej nyab cheeb tsam thaum lub sij hawm solidification. Piv txwv li, cov phom hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv rau lub hom phiaj no, thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv yog xav tau los ua kom lub voj voog ntawm kev nyab xeeb khov / defrosting twb tau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv.
Hardening Regulators
Ob qho tshuaj ntxiv nrog rau cov nyhuv nrawm thiab cov tawv tawv retarders yog siv. Kev hloov pauv hauv lub sijhawm polymerization ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej pob zeb yuav tsum tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev txo qis hauv kev tsim lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, uas tau ua kom zoo los ntawm kev kho cua sov ua ntej thiab noo noo ntawm cov tshuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Yog hais tias cov additive rau pob zeb rau ceev hardening feem ntau entails ib tug nce los yog tsawg kawg yog tus txheej txheem kev ntsuas ntawm rigidity thiab lub zog, ces slowing down tus nqi ntawm polymerization, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, txo cov ntsuas los ntawm 5-10%. Cov teebmeem tsis zoo yog qhov tsim nyog los ntawm kev nce hauv kev txav ntawm cov pob zeb thiab txo qis ntawm qhov tso tawm cua sov.
Kev siv thev naus laus zis
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua haujlwm nrog ntau cov khoom ntxiv hauv cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb, ntxiv nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej rau tes, lub cev ua pa thiab lub zeem muag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pob zeb hloov kho nws tus kheej tsis hloov nws cov khoom toxicological thiab tu cev, uas yog, qib ntawm nws qhov kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg tseem nyob rau tib theem li hauv daim ntawv qauv. Qhov ntau npaum li cas nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig, hom additive, nws cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov tshwm sim. Raws li txoj cai, manufacturers ntawm qhob admixturespom zoo kom pab txhawb kwv yees li 1% ntawm feem ntawm cov cement siv. Ntawd yog, txhawm rau tsim 1 m³ ntawm pob zeb, koj yuav xav tau txog 1.5 litres ntawm cov khoom ntxiv. Cov sib tov npaj yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw kom huv si nrog kev tsim khoom sib tov thiab siv tom qab nws tau infused rau 5-10 feeb.
Puas muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev siv tshuaj ntxiv?
Ua tsaug rau cov khoom ntxiv tshwj xeeb, hloov kho thiab cov yas yas, nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv hauv tsev tshwj xeeb raws li nws cov yam ntxwv, tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev siv cov cuab yeej no. Lawv lub ntsiab drawback yog ib tug saw tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum lub sij hawm uas lwm yam zoo ntawm cov khoom kuj hloov. Piv txwv li, waterproofing additives rau pob zeb, uas ua rau nws cov dej tsis kam, tuaj yeem degrade cov khoom ntawm hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, thiab qee zaum, lub zog. Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej vibration - nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem tau daws, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib txuas cov cuab yeej no yuav yog deaerate cov tshuaj, faib nws tusyees nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw los yog compact nws.
Zaj lus
Kev taw qhia txog cov tshuaj ntxiv yuav muab cov txiaj ntsig xav tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ntsuas dav dav ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum tau muab rau cov qauv. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo rau cov pob zeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias koj xav tau mortar rau hauv lub hauv paus. Rau xws li ib txheej, lub installation ntawm ib tug ntxiv waterproofer yuav tsis tau, vim hais tias cov qauv ntawm cov qauv nws tus kheej yuav tiv tauscondensation thiab dej hauv av. Thiab qhov no tsuas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv, tab sis thaum nws los txog rau kev hloov kho ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem, kev soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tag nrho cov tswv yim los txhim kho cov premix.
