Kev tsim kho yuav luag txhua lub tsev niaj hnub no tsis ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev siv, mus rau ib qib lossis lwm qhov, ntawm pob zeb. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv ntau yam thiab pheej yig heev uas tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov ntawm txhua qhov kev teeb tsa thiab qhov nyuaj. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hauv paus, txhawb cov qauv, ceilings, tsev blocks (phab ntsa thiab hauv paus), paving slabs, curbs thiab me me architectural forms (vases, flowerpots, stucco moldings thiab sculptures). Pob zeb kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov qauv xws li pas dej da dej, cellars, ntaiv, thiab lwm yam.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov cement
Cement yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua qhov kev ua vaj tse. Nws yog ib yam khoom uas khi qhov sib tov thiab muab lub zog rau lub neej yav tom ntej qauv lossis cov khoom. Ntau npaum li cas cement ib 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb xav tau nyob ntawm qhov zoo thiab hom ntawm cov khoom no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub tias cov kev siv sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau muaj zog sib txawv. Piv txwv li, rau kev tsim cov qauv kev txhawb nqa lossis cov hauv paus, yuav tsum muaj zog ntxiv ntawm cov khoom no. Tab sis rau kev tsim ntawm ntau yam me me, xws li paving slabs, paj ntxhais, curbs, xws li lub zog yog tsis yuav tsum tau.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov cement zoo thiab kuv yuav tsum xyuam xim rau dab tsi? Ntawm kev muag khoom muaj cov cement ntawm ntau qib. Qhov zoo thiab qhov kawg lub zog ntawm cov khoom thiab cov qauv nyob ntawm lub hom. Qhov siab dua cov hom ntawm cov cement, qhov zoo dua, thiab, raws li, lub zog. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws muag hauv ib lub nroog yog M300, M400 thiab M500. Rau kev tsim cov qauv uas xav tau lub peev xwm loj, siv qib M400 thiab M500. Rau lwm rooj plaub, koj tuaj yeem siv ib qho twg.
Lwm yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo yog hnub tas sij hawm. Ib qho khoom siv tas sij hawm poob nws txoj kev khi lub peev xwm thiab cov khoom lag luam raug txo. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog them nyiaj rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov cement nws tus kheej. Nws yuav tsum yog crumbly. Lub xub ntiag ntawm pob yuav qhia tau tias ua txhaum ntawm kev cia khoom. Feem ntau high humidity. Cov cement no tsis pom zoo.
Txoj kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom
Ib qho pob zeb muaj ntau yam:
- Cement.
- Sand.
- Rubble.
- dej.
- khoom ntxiv.
Sand and crushed stone yog ntxiv rau kev sib tov kom nws pheej yig dua thiab ruaj khov. Kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom lag luam yav tom ntej nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no. Lawv tsis pub muaj impurities ntawm av nplaum, silt lossis av. Nyob ntawm seb hom kev ua haujlwm, cov pob zeb crushed nrog ib feem ntawm 1 txog 7-8 cm tuaj yeem siv tau. Rau kev tsim cov ntawv me me, cov tsev thaiv thiab paving slabs, pob zeb zoo, lub npe hu ua kev tshuaj ntsuam (0.1-1 cm).), feem ntau siv.
Cov dej siv hauv qhov sib tov yuav tsum huv thiab tsis muaj av nplaum impurities. Cov ntxhia hauv dej siab tuaj yeem ua rau cov cim dawb tshwm rau saum npoo ntawm pob zeb tom qab kho.
Kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv tshwj xeeb yog xaiv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob raug saib xyuas hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Lawv tso cai rau koj los txhim kho qee tus yam ntxwv ntawm pob zeb:
- Txhim kho te tiv thaiv thiab ua haujlwm ntawm sub-zero kub (dej tsis crystallize).
- Ntau zog ua ntej thiab tom qab kho.
- Txhim kho cov yas ntawm qhov sib tov thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm microcracks;
- Thiab ntau ntxiv.
Siv cov cement
Nyob ntawm hom cement, kom muaj nuj nqis thiab zoo ntawm cov fillers thiab additives, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov qib pob zeb zoo ib yam li cov npe siv rau cov cement. Tab sis thaum ntxiv cov khoom, lub hom ntawm cov cement, raws li txoj cai, txo qis. Yog li, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov cement M400 koj tuaj yeem tau txais qib M350, M300, M250, M200 M150, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li, kev tsim cov pob zeb yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txhua cov khoom xyaw hauv qhov tseeb proportions. Nyob ntawm qhov no, cov khoom sib xyaw ua kom muaj zog yog tau txais los ntawm cov hauv paus, cov khoom siv thauj khoom, cov plag tsev, thiab cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj zog rau cov qauv uas tsis tas yuav muaj zog ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb hom pob zeb twg xav tau, koj yuav tsum paub nws lub hom phiaj.
Foundationua haujlwm
Txog pes tsawg cement ib 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb rau lub hauv paus xav tau ntxiv, peb yuav tham ntxiv. Ntawm no peb xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv paus. Rau kev tsim cov hauv paus thiab kev txhawb nqa, pob zeb siv tsis yog qis dua qib M200, nyob ntawm cov qauv yav tom ntej, nws qhov hnyav thiab nta. Rau cov qauv hnyav dua, nws raug nquahu kom siv pob zeb tsis qis dua M300.
Nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av thiab kev tsim cov qauv hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus:
- Monolithic slab.
- Tape.
- kuj.
kev ua pob zeb yog tib yam rau txhua hom. Thiab tus nqi ntawm cov cement ib 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb rau lub hauv paus tsis nyob ntawm nws hom.
Kev yuav khoom npaj sib xyaw ua ke
Yog tias txiav txim siab los yuav cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke, ces tsis tas yuav tsum paub seb yuav siv cov cement ntau npaum li cas rau 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb. Nws tseem tsuas yog suav cov lej uas yuav tsum tau ua thiab txiav txim. Hauv yuav luag txhua lub nroog muaj ntau lub tuam txhab koom nrog kev muag khoom thiab tsim cov khoom siv no. Tab sis ntau npaum li cas lub cube ntawm pob zeb? Qhov nruab nrab, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav sib txawv ntawm 3000 txog 5000 rubles. Tus nqi tsuas yog nyob ntawm hom pob zeb. Thiab txhawm rau teb cov lus nug kom raug ntau npaum li cas ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm cov nqi pob zeb, koj yuav tsum paub cov nqi hauv koj cheeb tsam.
Thaum yuav, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib tov. Tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj lees paub tias koj tab tom yuav cov pob zeb zoo. GOST kuj yuav tsum yogtau teev tseg.
Kev npaj tus kheej ntawm pob zeb tsis yog txheej txheem nyuaj. Ib tug neeg uas tsis muaj kev kawm tsim kho yuav tiv nrog qhov no. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog kom meej meej saib cov proportions thiab ua raws li cov lus pom zoo. Txij li cov pob zeb crushed yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov sib tov, nws manually yog heev teeb meem. Ua li no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lub pob zeb sib tov. Nws kuj pheej yig, tab sis yuav txuag lub sijhawm thiab kev siv zog ntau.
Yog li, kev tsim cov pob zeb ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ntau theem:
- dej ntws ua ntej.
- Cia li rubble rau hauv.
- Tom qab ntawd cov cement thiab xuab zeb ntxiv.
Koj tuaj yeem ua kom qhuav kneading. Cov kab ke yog tib yam, tsuas yog dej ntxiv kawg. Tsis txhob sib tov cov cement nrog dej ua ntej ntxiv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke vim cov cement yuav lo ua ke.
Txhawm rau ntxuav lub tov khoom los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov khoom sib tov tom qab ua tiav, ncuav dej thiab ncuav me me ntawm pob zeb thiab sib tov rau ib pliag. Tom qab ntawd, txhua qhov sib koom ua ke.
Xaiv cov khoom ua vaj tse
Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov pob zeb zoo? GOST tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab kev ua raws li cov khoom lag luam nrog cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj zog, Frost tsis kam, vapor permeability thiab lwm yam. Tab sis yuav ua li cas kom ua tiav qhov zoo thiab tau txais lub hom phiaj zoo thaum ua koj tus kheej sib xyaw? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom xyaw siv thiab ntau npaum li cas cement yog siv rau 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb.
Bnyob ntawm seb hom pob zeb xav tau dab tsi, kev siv cov khoom sib txawv. Yog li, peb tau txais qhov kwv yees li ntawm cov cement hauv 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb:
- pob zeb M200 - 250 kg cement M400.
- M200 pob zeb - 220 kg ntawm M500 cement.
- pob zeb M250 - 300 kg cement M400.
- pob zeb M250 - 250 kg cement M400.
- M300 pob zeb - 350 kg ntawm M400 cement.
- M300 pob zeb - 300 kg ntawm M500 cement.
- pob zeb M400 - 400 kg cement M400.
- M400 pob zeb - 330 kg ntawm M400 cement.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kev xaiv yooj yim dua thiab siv sijhawm tsawg dua yog yuav cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum hu rau cov tuam txhab ntseeg siab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau saib cov neeg siv khoom tshuaj xyuas thiab pes tsawg xyoo lub tuam txhab tau ua haujlwm hauv kev ua lag luam no. Txhua lub tuam txhab kev hwm tus kheej muaj txiaj ntsig rau nws lub koob npe nrov thiab muab cov khoom zoo.
Kev ywj pheej ntawm cov pob zeb yuav siv sijhawm ntau, thaum siv zog ntau rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau txiav txim qhov tsim nyog fillers thiab yuav additives. Tab sis qhov kev xaiv no yog tus nqi ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv cov khoom siv zoo, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim.
