Thaum tsim ib lub tsev, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov sib tshooj ntawm kab teeb. Cov qauv hauv pem teb yuav muaj cov slabs thiab kab teeb, uas yog ntoo, pob zeb lossis hlau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog yuav ua li cas cov kev txhawb nqa zoo li no tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov phab ntsa cib, vim tias kev tsim vaj tsev cib yog suav tias yog qhov feem ntau. Kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov kab teeb ci ntawm cov kab teeb thiab phab ntsa hauv lub tsev tsim yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, vim nws yuav txiav txim siab qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov qauv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.
kab teeb siv rau dab tsi?
Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog kev txhawb nqa rau hauv pem teb thiab interfloor passages, tab sis kuj pab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm Hauv kev tsim cov kab teeb, ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ceilings yog siv. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv thauj khoom yuav tsum suav nrog hlau, ntoo thiab cov pob zeb ntxiv.
nqaj ntoo thiab nws qhov tshwj xeeb
Beams los txhawb nqa kab thiab phab ntsa ua los ntawm ntoo yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv tsev, thiabuas yog, kom muaj zog, nruj, thiab tseem ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Kev suav ntawm cov khoom no yog ua raws li cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho.
Beam yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub tsev. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog cais cov plag tsev ntawm lub tsev, nrog rau kev faib cov khoom sib npaug ntawm cov phab ntsa sab saud, lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev, kev sib txuas lus, thiab rooj tog zaum hauv chav.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov kab ntoo:
- kev siv zog tsawg kawg thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa kev teeb tsa (thaum piv nrog cov hlau thiab cov pob zeb muaj zog ntxiv);
- nqi ntoo;
- muaj peev xwm ua tus kheej tsis siv cov tshuab kim thiab lwm yam khoom siv;
- ntxim nyiam;
- lub teeb yuag;
- muaj peev xwm hloov lossis kho lawv.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv ntoo
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kab no suav nrog:
- qib siab ntawm qhov hluav taws kub (kom tiv thaiv qhov hluav taws kub tam sim ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho cov khoom siv nrog kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb);
- piv rau cov hlau thiab cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, qhov kev tsim no tsis yooj yim;
- ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo, kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob, cov kab mob muaj sia tuaj yeem pib, noo noo tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv nws yooj yim;
- ntoo yog qhov ua rau deformation raws li qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav.
Yuav ua li cas cov plag tsev hardwood muaj?
Cov kab ntoo hauv pem teb tuaj yeem raug cais raws li lawv hom ntu, qhov loj thiab cov khoom siv los ua lawv. Nws qhov ntev yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov phab ntsa uas nyob ib sab. Rau tus nqi no, ntxiv 200-250 mm rau txhua sab.
Los ntawm hom ntu, tag nrho cov qauv tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:
- rectangular;
- I-beam;
- square;
- oval lossis round.
Lub square seem ntawm lub nqaj yog pom tau tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, vim nws yog nws uas pab kom ua tiav qhov feem ntau txawm tias thauj khoom faib tawm ntawm cov qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tsim kho pom zoo xaiv cov plag tsev ntoo nrog ib qho duab plaub. Thaum mounted, lawv sab luv yog muab tso rau kab rov tav, thiab sab ntev yog muab tso rau vertically (rau lub zog zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nce qhov siab ntawm cov qauv).
Khoom thiab nta ntawm kev sib tshooj
Kev sib tshooj yog kev sib txuas ntawm lub nqaj nrog lub tsev phab ntsa, uas tuaj yeem ua rau hauv tsev, hauv qab lossis hauv nruab nrab. Structurely, lawv muab faib ua ob hom: prefabricated (transverse flooring thiab longitudinal beam), as well as monolithic (kev txhawb nqa yog nqa tawm ntawm ib tug slab).
Thaum tsim cov qauv ntiag tug, nyiam ntau dua rau cov qab nthab nrog cov kab ntoo. Qhov kev tsim no suav hais tias yog qhov ruaj khov thiab zoo haum rau thaj chaw nyob. Qhov loj me me ntawm kev txhawb nqa, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm nws txoj kev siv thiab cov khoom siv, yuav txawv:
- qhov siab - ntawm 150 txog 300 millimeters;
- dav -los ntawm 100 mus rau 250 millimeters.
Yuav ua rau kom muaj kev pabcuam lub neej, cov kev txhawb nqa yog impregnated nrog tshwj xeeb tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tseem oiled.
Nyob hauv ntau cov qauv, lawv siv rau leaning ntawm cov kab hlau. Rau qhov no, cov tuam txhab tsim kho tsim tshwj xeeb muaj zog steel kev txhawb nqa. Raws li txoj cai kev nyab xeeb, thaum siv cov kab teeb ntawm hom no, lawv qhov kawg yuav tsum tau so ntawm cov brickwork los ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb pads.
Monolithic pem teb yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog. Rau qhov no, nws yog kev cai siv lub Hoobkas tsim cov slabs ntawm qhov cuab lub zog thiab pob zeb loj. Txhawm rau txo cov load ntawm cov qauv tiav, lawv tsim hollow.
Lub beam embedded li cas?
Kev ntseeg siab thiab zoo ntawm hauv pem teb yuav raug txiav txim siab loj los ntawm txoj kev embedding lub nqaj rau hauv phab ntsa. Qhov kev txiav tawm yuav txiav txim siab hom kev txhawb nqa ntawm phab ntsa cib - nws yog theem no ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv uas yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov nqaj ntoo yog mounted nyob rau hauv qhov chaw dawb tsim nyob rau hauv brickwork, mus txog 15 centimeters tob. Qhov kawg kawg yog ua ua ntej: ib kawg yog txiav tawm ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60 degrees, kho nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb antiseptic thiab cob, qhwv nrog vov tsev los yog vov tsev xav. Cov txheej txheem tiav ntawm cov nqaj yog ua tib zoo ntsia rau hauv ib lub cib ntsa nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm 3-5 centimeters los ntawm phab ntsa tom qab ntawm lub niche. Qhov sib txawv tsim yog sau nrog cov ntaub los yog ntxhia wool. Lub ntsej muag transverse tau ua tib zoo kaw nrog cov pob zeb sib xyaw, bitumen lossis coated nrog vov tsev ntawv.
Ntxhais ntawm phab ntsa cib
Thaum txhawb nqa lub nqaj ntawm phab ntsa cib, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau lub thickness ntawm cov qauv. Yog hais tias lub thickness ntawm lub cib phab ntsa yog ntau tshaj 600 millimeters, ces txoj kev txiav yuav txawv me ntsis. Qhov chaw no nyob rau hauv lub masonry yog tsim kom nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub beam thiab sab nraum qab ntawm lub niche muaj ib tug dawb qhov chaw ntawm tsawg kawg yog 10 centimeters. Qhov sib txawv uas tshwm sim pab tso cov khoom rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev hauv nws thiab tso cai rau koj los tsim qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua tshwj xeeb.
Qhov qis ntawm qhov sib txawv yog kaw nrog cov pob zeb, cov khoom siv vov tsev lossis cov vov tsev nyob hauv ob peb txheej. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej no, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib lub hauv ncoo tso, uas, ntawm lwm yam, ntxiv rau theem ntawm lub masonry. Ob sab ntawm qhov tshwm sim tau raug kho nrog daim ntawv vov tsev.
Relying ntawm phab ntsa ntawm thinner thickness: tswv yim los ntawm builders
Thaum tsim lub qab nthab txhawb nqa los ntawm phab ntsa txog li 500 millimeters tuab (ob lub cib), txoj kev txiav yuav tsum txawv me ntsis ntawm yav dhau los. Lub thawv ntoo nrog ob peb phab ntsa yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw dawb (nws qhov tob tsis tshaj 250 millimeters). Ib txheej tarred ntawm xav yog pw nruab nrab ntawm phab ntsa tom qab ntawm lub niche thiab lub thawv. Cov phab ntsa tau ua tib zoo kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov resin.
Nyob hauv qab, qhov chaw so yuav tsum tau muab kaw nrog ob txheej ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev lossis daim ntawv vov tsev. Sab phab ntsa ntawm lub zes yuav tsum tau insulated nrog xav. Lub thawv yog tsim rau hauv qhov chaw dawb kom nws nias nruj nreem tiv thaiv qhov xav tau. Hauv pem teb beam yog ntsia rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv kom ntev li 15 centimeters.
Yog lub thickness ntawm phab ntsatsawg dua li cov cim qhia, ces nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau tag nrho cov phab ntsa thickness uas tseem tshuav tom qab tsim ib qho chaw pub dawb. Yog tias nws tsawg dua 50 millimeters, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tso cua txias rau hauv chav. Yog tias muaj teeb meem zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog kev rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv ntawm thaj chaw uas cov kab teeb tau txhawb nqa ntawm cov kab teeb thiab phab ntsa.
Kev nqis tes ua ntawm kab mounting
Kev txhim kho ntawm kev txhawb nqa thaum tsim lub hauv pem teb yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntxiv ntawm kev siv cov qauv, thaj chaw thiab cov khoom poob ntawm nws. Feem ntau, cov nqaj ntoo tau teeb tsa raws cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kabmob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 600 txog 1500 mm.
Kev sib khi pib los ntawm cov npoo nrog kev hloov pauv mus rau tag nrho ntev ntawm phab ntsa. Nruab nrab ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab phab ntsa nws tus kheej, cov neeg tsim kho pom zoo kom tso qhov chaw dawb ntawm tsawg kawg 5 centimeters.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum txhawb nqa kab ntawm kab thiab phab ntsa yog coj mus rau hauv tus account kab rov tav fastening ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov tuav yuav tsum sib npaug zos nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau hauv pem teb. Kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab rov tav thiab qhov tsis sib xws yuav ua rau muaj kev thauj khoom ntxiv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm phab ntsa cib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab txhim kho cov kab hluav taws xob ntxiv.
Ntxhais ntawm kab
Nws tuaj yeem yog hom hinged lossis nruj. Cov neeg tsim khoom qhia txhawb nqa lub nqaj los ntawm saum toj no thiab hloov lub ntsiab load mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kab ke profile. Thaum lateral fastening ntawm tus qauv, ntxiv rau lub compressive load, nyob rau hauv lub kem ntxivmuaj ib lub sij hawm los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub zog no. Qhov no provokes ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv lub load los ntawm kem.
Thaum txhawb nqa lub nqaj hlau ntawm ib kab los ntawm sab saud, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los hloov lub nra mus rau tav. Cov tav loj yuav raug txiav txim siv cov qauv hauv qab no: F/Ap ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau RpYc.
- F hauv cov qauv qhia yog lub zog txhawb nqa ntawm nqaj;
- Ap – bearing rib crushing area;
- Rp yog qhov tsim qauv ntawm cov hlau kom tawg ntawm qhov kawg.
txhawm rau txhawm rau tag nrho cov khoom thauj mus rau hauv kem los ntawm tav, tus tav protrusion yuav tsum tau pom, raws li txoj cai, los ntawm 1.5-2 centimeters. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tib zoo txiav cov tav ua ntej kev teeb tsa, uas yuav pab faib tag nrho cov khoom sib npaug ntawm nws cheeb tsam.
Txij li qhov chaw txhawb nqa ntawm cov kab teeb hauv pem teb yog hom hinged, tsuas yog ob peb lub bolts ntawm ib sab txaus rau fastening. Bolt txoj kab uas hla ntawm 16 mus rau 20 mm. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob nruj heev. Kev them nyiaj yug thickness feem ntau yog 0-25mm, tav thickness yog 8-12mm.
Yog tias muaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev hauv kev tsim, ces cov tav yuav tsum tau txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis uas yuav tsum tau thiab nqa cov ntxhua khaub ncaws nrog lub bevel los txuas lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj.
Beam kev txhawb nqa cov cai
Cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm tau teeb tsa qhov ntev ntawm lub nqaj kom txhawb nqa lub nqaj thiab phab ntsa cib - nws ncav cuag 9 centimeters. Tus nqi no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws tsim qauv tsim los ntawm kev suav ntev thiab kev kuaj xyuas. Cov hauv qab no cuam tshuam rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus beam kev them nyiaj yug:
- span loj thiab txhawb nqa ntev;
- load npaum li cas rau ib qho kev siv beam;
- load hom - dynamic lossis zoo li qub;
- tuab ntawm phab ntsa cib uas qhov kev txhawb nqa ntog;
- hom tsev - ntiav tsev, muaj, thiab lwm yam.
Txhua yam uas tau piav qhia yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum ua kev suav. Qhov kawg ntawm kab teeb yuav tsum sib tshooj ntawm phab ntsa kom qhov sib tshooj tsis tshaj 12 centimeters.
