Qhov kev nplij siab thiab zoo nkauj ntawm txhua chav nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam ntawm cov tsev niaj hnub no, lub tsev ntoo yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ib puag ncig thiab txhim khu kev qha.
thaj chaw zoo, qib siab ntawm cov cua sov thiab lub suab nrov, kev ua haujlwm ntev tsis yog txhua qhov zoo ntawm eco-friendly vaj tse. Tab sis lub installation ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem muaj nws tus kheej nuances.
Nyob ntawm qhov chaw, kev nyab xeeb thiab hom tsev, tshwj xeeb rau hauv pem teb rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntoo, nws layout thiab tshwj xeeb cov khoom raug xaiv.
Nyob hauv tsev ntoo
Cov hom hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- pob zeb. Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov no yog: ceev ntawm installation, efficiency, yooj yim ntawm installation. Qhov tsis zoo yog: tsis yooj yim rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm siabmus rau lub hauv paus. Xws li hauv pem teb nyob rau hauv thawj pem teb nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntoo yuav txo tau lub tshav kub-shielding zog ntawm tag nrho cov qauv thiab, raws li, ua rau cov nqi siab rau qhov chaw cua sov.
- ntoo. Hom no muaj ntau qhov zoo: kev ua phooj ywg zoo ib puag ncig (thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho ntawm kev ua haujlwm nws tsis tso cov khoom phom sij thiab phom sij), kev kho yog nqa tawm nrog cov cuab yeej improvised thiab cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev pab ntawm ntoo, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov haujlwm tsim tshwj xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo yog: tus nqi siab, qhov nyuaj hauv kev teeb tsa, kev ua haujlwm siab hauv cov txheej txheem installation.
- Kub pem teb. Hom no suav hais tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Cov pem teb ua ke, uas muaj cov ntxhib (feem ntau yog pob zeb) thiab tiav (piv txwv li, ntoo lossis ceramic) txheej, yog nrov hauv cov tsev niaj hnub. Kev txhim kho hauv pem teb sov yog ua haujlwm nyuaj, tab sis nws yuav pab txuag tau qhov chaw thiab cov nqi kho cua sov.
Device
Tom qab ua tib zoo kawm tus qauv tsim, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub yuav ua li cas hauv pem teb hauv tsev ntoo kom raug.
Muaj ntau hom: ib txheej thiab ob txheej. Hauv thawj kis, lags yog xaiv tau. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov nrug ntawm cov kab teeb.
Ob peb txheej txheej muab kev tiv thaiv rau ntau yam khoom siv, thermal thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev lag luam yog tias cov kab teeb raug coj mus rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev.
Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab teeb yog txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov kauj ruam ntawm kab teeb thiab kev txhawb nqa ntxiv (piv txwv li, ncej) yuav tsumyuav tsum kwv yees li 100 cm.
Zoo tso hauv pem teb hauv tsev ntoo
Cov khoom siv hauv pem teb nrov tshaj plaws yog cov milled boards. Thaum kawg ntawm qhov kawg muaj kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb. Xws li cov laug cam yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg: qhov dav yog los ntawm 9 mus rau 15 cm, thiab lub thickness yog los ntawm 3 mus rau 4.5 cm.
Tso cov milled boards muab huab cua ncig. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm fungus thiab pwm, thiab tseem txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm txheej.
Ntxiv rau hom saum toj no, cov hauv qab no yog siv hauv kev tsim kho:
- boards nrog tus nplaig thiab zawj;
- npog nrog spikes (segmental, ncaj, thiab lwm yam);
- rebated nplaig thiab zawj boards.
Txhua yam saum toj no txawv ntawm sab xub ntiag xwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau ua tiav ntawm ib sab. Qhov no zoo heev complicates lub installation txheej txheem. Kev teeb tsa tsis raug yuav ua rau cov laug cam tom qab.
khoom siv ntoo
Ua ntej koj ua hauv pem teb hauv ib lub tsev ntoo, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv cov nta:
- Oak. Nws suav hais tias yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Nws muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Cov xim ntawm cov khoom nyob ntawm thaj tsam thiab hnub nyoog ntawm tsob ntoo. Oak khoom yog ib qho kim tshaj plaws.
- Ash. Cov khoom no yog siv rau kev tsim cov parquet. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev hloov pauv dej noo.
- Maple. Cov khoom no yog noo noo resistantnruab nrab ceev thiab resistant rau mechanical puas.
- Larch. Ntoo tawv thiab ntom yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev tso hauv pem teb. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Siberian cov ntaub ntawv tau nce noo noo thiab Frost tsis kam.
- Buk. Yog tias koj xav tau los tsim cov tsos ntawm ib qho kim sab hauv, cov khoom siv no yuav yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Vim muaj ntau yam xim, beech feem ntau siv siv mahogany lossis walnut.
- Pib. Qhov kev xaiv nyiaj txiag tshaj plaws tsis yog ib txwm ntseeg tau. Vim yog cov ntsiab lus resin ntau dhau, qhov zoo ntawm cov coatings deteriorates ho.
- Spruce kuj suav tias yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig. Lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv no yog qhov nyuaj hauv kev npaj thiab ua cov ntoo vim muaj cov pob txha loj.
Nkauj pem teb hauv tsev ntoo
Hauv cov chav uas muaj kev tiv thaiv dej tsis zoo, cov ntawv plywood feem ntau yog siv los ua subfloor. Nws yog qhov siv tau thiab tso cai rau koj los hloov ib feem ntawm lub hau yog tias tsim nyog.
Ua ntej pib kev teeb tsa, beacons raug teeb tsa thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam ntawm chav tsev. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov tuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm daim ntawv.
Yuav ua li cas rau hauv pem teb hauv tsev ntoo yog nyob ntawm thawj txheej txheej. Draft tuaj yeem ua pob zeb lossis cav.
Rau qhov thib ob, cov tuav thiab cov cav raug teeb tsa. Cov tom kawg yog ua tib zoo ua haujlwm nrog cov kua nplaum. Tom qab nws qhuav tag, koj tuaj yeem pib fastening plywood los xij. Cov pob qij txha tau ua tib zoo polished.
Ib daim ntawv txheem8-9 tus kheej tapping screws yuav tsum tau.
Yog plywood tau mounted rau hauv pem teb pob zeb, ces lub flooring yog ntxiv nrog ib txheej ntawm mastic los yog polyethylene ua npuas ncauj.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Yog hais tias lub pob zeb nto tsis sib xws, lub plywood yog overlapped. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tso, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm waterproofing.
Draft pem teb
Lub pem teb no tau pom zoo kom muab tso ua ib qho kev rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv. Ntawm nws qhov tsis txaus, qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm lub suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev (vim lub zog ntawm qhov txuas) yog qhov txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, subfloor tsis pom zoo kom muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj av noo siab.
Tso hauv pem teb hauv ib lub tsev ntoo yog ua tiav ntawm cov cav. Tom qab, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm coniferous los yog hardwood. Cov log yog siv rau cov qauv muaj zog.
Cov khoom npaj (cov cav) muab tso rau hauv qhov zawj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv mus rau phab ntsa - qhov sib txawv ntawm 2-3 hli loj. Yog tias nws tsis txhawb nqa, squeaks yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv pwm, fungus thiab kab, subfloor boards raug kho nrog bitumen lossis tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb.
Posts (piv txwv li, cib) thiab grooves ua raws li fasteners.
Cov cav hauv qab hauv pem teb hauv lub tsev ntoo haum rau hauv qhov npaj ua ntej. Qhov ceev ntawm kev tso yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm lub hauv pem teb. Ib qib yog siv los tshuaj xyuas.
Cov kauj ruam kawg ntawm kev teeb tsa
kauj ruam tom ntej yog tso cov khoom ntxhib rau ntawm cov cav. Tom qab tsob ntoo qhuav tag, nws yuav tsum tau npog nrog zaj duab xis lossis roj hmab. Cov khoom siv zoo li notxuas nrog stapler. Nws ua raws li kev tiv thaiv dej. Tom ntej no, cov ntsia hlau yog ntim ntsug lossis kab rov tav.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Schematic kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov laug cam zam cov txheej txheem ntawm rotting ntoo.
Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tsim. Yog tias cov av nplaum nthuav dav siv rau lub hom phiaj no, granules ntawm qhov sib txawv yuav tsum tau xaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, styrene los yog ntxhia ntaub plaub yog haum raws li lub rhaub. Lub penultimate theem yog installation ntawm vapor barrier. Nyob rau theem kawg, ib lub hauv pem teb tiav lawm.
Yuav ua li cas qhuav screed
Cov pob zeb hauv pem teb tuaj yeem siv ua hauv pem teb. Txhawm rau hloov nws, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab cua hauv pem teb lossis subfloor flooring. Qhuav pem teb screed nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntoo yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb theem, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau nws siv yog:
- plastic film;
- plywood;
- kawg;
- xov av nplaum;
- absorbent tape;
- ntsuas thiab cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob (kos npe, ntsuas kab xev, ntsia hlau, thiab lwm yam).
theem ua haujlwm
- Ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab tau muab tso rau hauv pem teb uas twb muaj lawm (kom tiv thaiv dej). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov npoo phab ntsa yog qhov tsawg kawg yog 10 cm, hauv ob sab phlu ntawm cov khoom siv pob qij txha yog 20 cm. Tag nrho cov seams tau ua tib zoo ua haujlwm nrog daim kab xev.
- Cov ntaub thaiv npog tau muab tso rau ib puag ncig ntawm chav tsev.
- Nws pom zoo kom siv beacons thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa.
- Tom qab ntawd hauv pem teb yog npog nrog cov av nplaum nthuav dav thiab ua kom zoo. Cov txheej txheem no kuj yogua nyob rau hauv ob peb theem - ua ntej, ib tug me me cheeb tsam yog ua tiav, nyob rau hauv uas ib daim ntawv ntawm plywood yog nteg, ces lub thib ob thiab txhua lwm yam. Cov av nplaum nthuav dav yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 2 cm.
Yuav ua li cas rau hauv pem teb hauv ib lub tsev ntoo yog nyob ntawm qhov layout nta. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv xws li cov qauv, parquet los yog flooring los ntawm boards yog siv. Muaj tso rau ntawm cav thiab kab teeb.
Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus nteg ib txheej ntawm waterproofing (piv txwv li, penofol). Rau cov chav uas muaj av noo thiab kub sib txawv, sawdust, polystyrene, isolon, mineral wool, thiab lwm yam.
Lub hauv paus rau hauv pem teb tuaj yeem yog:
- lags;
- plywood;
- concrete.
thawj hom yog tsim rau cov chav nrog phab ntsa siab. Cov cav yog ntsia ob qho tib si ntawm lub hauv paus thiab ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev cav. Txhawm rau kom cov ntaub ntawv ua kom zoo, lawv yuav tsum khaws cia rau ob peb hnub ntawm chav tsev kub.
Txiav pib nrog mounting ob lub cav rau ntawm phab ntsa. Los ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb ntawm lawv, nylon threads yog stretched - landmarks. Tom ntej no, cov seem ntawm cov khoom yog pw, uas yog tom qab insulated.
Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov lags nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov laug cam. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov tuab yog 30-40 cm, qhov deb yuav yog 80 cm.
Yuav ua li cas rau plywood
Lub lag yog txuas rau cov npoo uas siv tus kheej tapping screws, thiab rau pob zeb - siv dowels lossis anchors.
Tom qabThaum kawg ntawm lub installation, cov laug cam yog fastened. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug deb ntawm 15 mm ntawm phab ntsa yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Npog yog npog nrog plinth.
Kev ua thiab rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb hauv lub tsev ntoo yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Nco ntsoov tias cov txheej txheej sib txawv ua rau lub neej thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm txheej.
Kub pem teb. Yuav ua li cas?
Yog tias koj npaj yuav tso dej sov hauv pem teb hauv ib lub tsev ntoo, koj yuav tsum xav txog ntau yam nta. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov dej hauv pem teb yuav tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm ignition los ntawm ib tug luv luv Circuit Court nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob thaiv, thiab qhov thib ob, nws yuav ua rau kom qhov chaw ntawm chav tsev vim tsis muaj roj teeb, kav dej, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog kev teeb tsa hauv qab no:
- Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, kev poob cua sov thiab hydraulics raug xam. Cov kev pabcuam tshwjxeeb yuav pab suav qhov ntev ntawm cov kav dej, lawv txoj kab uas hla thiab tso suab.
- Tom ntej no, cov pem teb uas twb muaj lawm yog dismantled (hauv cov tsev qub). Nws kuj yuav tsum tau aligned.
- Ib txheej ntawm vapor barrier yog nteg tawm ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev (cov zaj duab xis tsis yog siv rau qhov no).
- Lub pem teb yog nteg tawm ntawm ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev twb npaj lawm: serpentine grooves yog drilled nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter rau ntxiv yeeb nkab.
- txhawm rau ua kom cov thermal conductivity, ib txheej kub-reflecting yog pw (piv txwv li, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ci).
- Lub tshav kub reflector yog mounted nyob rau hauv npaj grooves. Ces cov kav dej pib. Tag nrho cov kav dej yog qhwv hauv ntawv ci,thiab cov pob qij txha raug kho nrog stapler.
- cov phiaj hlau yog tsau rau saum cov kav dej kom tiv thaiv kev txav mus los.
- Thaum kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, cov hlau txuas nrog lub kaw lus thiab crimped.
- Cov kauj ruam kawg yog tso lub tsho tiav. Qhov yooj yim ntawm lawv yog laminate. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog cov vuas ceramic.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog manually tswj cov cua sov hloov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuab sau, cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv tau. Kev ntsuas siab yog ua los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau.
kho pem teb
Txawm tias hauv pem teb sab xis hauv lub tsev ntoo poob nws cov khoom raws sijhawm thiab yuav tsum tau kho. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab ntau yam khoom siv, nrog rau kev saib xyuas tsis raug.
Hom kev kho, nrog rau nws lub sijhawm, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tawg. Piv txwv li, thaum lub creak tshwm, qhov yuav tsum tau drilled (inch 12-16 mm) thiab ntim nrog cov cement mortar. Qhov ratio ntawm cement thiab dej yog 1: 1.
Tom qab cov tshuaj hardens, ib tug ntoo ntsaws yog hammered rau hauv lub resulting qhov. Qhov seem ntawm nws yog sawn tawm, thiab qhov chaw tshiab yog ua tib zoo ua tiav thiab npog nrog txheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov kua roj vanish lossis siv quav ciab.
Yog tias muaj kev puas tsuaj loj dua, yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav lossis ib nrab hloov ntawm cov av. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias lub rooj tsavxwm yog flexing, nws yog lub sij hawm los hloov cov joists. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias ib tug tej cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau hloov. Koj tuaj yeem nruabkev txhawb nqa ntxiv.
