Peb coob leej muaj ib lub ces kaum uas peb muaj peev xwm siv sij hawm nyob ib puag ncig ntawm tsev neeg, phooj ywg thiab cov txheeb ze. Tab sis txawm qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm cheeb tsam suburban, kev nplij siab ntawm kev nyob yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qee tus tswv nyob ntawm no rau lub caij ntuj sov, thaum lwm tus "sau npe" nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd. Thiab ua kom nws kuj xis nyob hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum xav txog kev ua kom sov hauv pem teb hauv lub tebchaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov twg, yog tias tsis nyob ntawm no, feem ntau cov txheej no txias heev.
Ntxiv rau, vim Frost, tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem pib txias, pwm tshwm, nrog rau qhov tsis hnov tsw. Thiab dhau sij hawm, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yuav pib tawg.
Nyob rau hauv pem teb rwb thaiv tsev
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, mob khaub thuas tuaj rau peb, thawj zaug tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov dej khov tau pom meej meej. Thiab nrog lub advent ntawm lub caij ntuj no, tag nrho lub tsev yog kiag li nyob ib ncig ntawmsnow-dawb daim ntaub thaiv. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub caij los txog rau cov kwj deg uas yuav luag tag nrho.
Txhua yam no tso nws cov ntawv tsis zoo rau ntawm phab ntsa, hauv pem teb, qab nthab ntawm lub tsev, thiab tseem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv huab cua sab hauv. Ua tsaug rau hauv pem teb rwb thaiv tsev, koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no yuav zam cov tsos ntawm pliaj fungi uas ua rau ntau yam kab mob, thiab condensation. Yog li ntawd, lub tsev khaws cia kom zoo thiab ua suab nrov rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qee zaum, koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis tau teem sijhawm kho.
ua haujlwm ywj pheej
Txhawm rau ua kom cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal ntawm hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev, txhua txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem tso siab rau pab pawg tsim nyog, uas yuav xav tau qee yam kev nqis peev. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav tau, nws tsis yooj yim ua txhua yam koj tus kheej, uas nws txaus ua raws li cov lus qhia. Lub tshuab nws tus kheej implies cov hauv qab no:
- Ntxuav qhov chaw, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, nws yuav tsum tau plastered.
- tiv thaiv kev kho mob, suav nrog kev siv mastic.
- Tau txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom siv thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab kho nws, yog tias qhov no tseem tsim nyog.
Nyob rau theem kawg, kev tsim hauv pem teb nws tus kheej ua raws, uas yog, tso ib daim ntawv ntawm plywood, chipboard lossis boards. Tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv noo noo. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem nteg cov ntaub pua plag lossis muab linoleum rau ntawm qhov chaw tiav. Yog li koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov chaw nyob hauv tsev zoo dua.
Btxhawm rau txo cov nqi nyiaj ntsuab, nrog rau cov nqi ua haujlwm, nws muaj peev xwm ua cov rwb thaiv tsev hauv ib lossis ob chav nyob ib sab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas, insulating hauv pem teb ntawm tag nrho lub tsev pab txhawb kev nyab xeeb dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws raug nquahu kom npaj cov haujlwm hauv lub caij ntuj sov, uas yuav dhau los ua cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb muaj dab tsi?
Pem teb rwb thaiv tsev schemes
Lub thickness ntawm kev tso cov khoom siv thermal rwb thaiv tsev nyob ntawm thaj chaw uas lub tsev nyob:
- Nrab strip - yam tsawg kawg 12 cm.
- North - 20 cm, tsis tsawg.
Hais txog kev sib tshuam hauv qab nthab, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov, yuav tsum tau muab cov txheej txheem thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv txog 8 cm. thiab lag system. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los sau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom txhawb nqa nrog ua npuas ncauj, nthuav av nplaum, ntxhia ntaub plaub.
Lub ntsiab ntawm txoj haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no. Ib hom "lub thawv" yog tsim los ntawm cov lags, qhov twg, qhov tseeb, cov rwb thaiv tsev xaiv tau muab tso rau. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi nyuaj hauv kev ua haujlwm li no, qhov tseem ceeb yog ua siab ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Nws yog txaus los sau cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov neeg paub lossis cov neeg nyob ze. Hauv qhov no, txhua yam yuav ua tau zoo thiab nrawm.
Zoo, koj kuj yuav tsum xaiv cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev tsim nyog hauv lub qub dacha thiab ua raws li nws nruj me ntsis.
tshav kub rwb thaiv tsev hauv cov ntaub ntawv qis
Cov tshuab no siv sijhawm ntau tshaj plaws, vim nws cuam tshuam nrog kev rhuav tshem cov qubpem teb. Qhov no yog vim qhov txwv me me ntawm qhov chaw hauv av, uas tsis tso cai kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov joists hauv qab no.
Cov kauj ruam lawv tus kheej yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Lub plinth nrog cov plag tsev yog ua tib zoo dismantled. Raws li txoj kev, nws tsim nyog kos npe rau txhua lub ntsiab lus ntawm "mosaic" kom txhua yam tsis meej pem thaum lub sij hawm reassembly.
- Tshawb xyuas txhua qhov lag luam kom muaj kev ncaj ncees. Yog tias tsim nyog, txhua qhov teeb meem yuav tsum raug txiav tawm thiab cov kab teeb ntawm tib qhov loj yuav tsum tau muab ntsia tsis yog cov khoom puas. Lub tsev yog ua tiav siv cov laug cam uas txuas rau sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm lub lag. Siv galvanized self-tapping screws li fasteners (rau pom tseeb yog vim li cas).
- Ib lub cranial bar txuas rau ntawm ntug qis ntawm txhua qhov lag luam thiab tib yam ntawm ob sab. Qhov no yuav txhawb subfloor.
- Raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov lags, lumber yog npaj, uas yuav siv los ua ib tug ntxhib flooring. Hauv qhov no, qhov ntev ntawm txhua ntu ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yuav tsum yog 10-20 mm luv dua li cov kauj ruam lag luam. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov ntsiab lus hauv pem teb yuav haum dawb, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev tom ntej ntawm subfloor.
- Tam sim no qhov tseeb tsim ntawm subfloor - tso cov boards npaj tau ua tiav.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom koom nrog lawv nruj rau ib leeg, txwv tsis pub cov mounds thiab cov kauj ruam raug tsim vim yog cov yam ntxwv txav ntawm ntoo.
Me me tab sis xav tau kev txiav txim siab
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo mloograu lub sijhawm tseem ceeb. Txhua qhov kev nqis tes ua ntxiv yuav nyob ntawm seb cov pob zeb hauv qab lub hauv paus yog saturated nrog noo noo. Cov ntaub pua tsev thiab cov cav yuav tsum tau them nrog ib txheej ntawm vapor barrier. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev thaiv no, cov khoom siv hluav taws kub-insulating yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm chav dej, uas nce los ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm cov condensate los ntawm lub thickness ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
Yog tias lub tsev tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj dej hauv av siab, lub vapor barrier membrane tsis haum. Hloov chaw, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj cov dej tsis sib haum nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev lossis iav.
Kev qhia txuas ntxiv
Tshooj saum toj no yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias dacha nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw. Ib tug neeg muaj hmoo tau nyob hauv av, thaum lwm tus raug yuam kom txaus siab rau qhov chaw "ntub". Kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb hauv lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes:
- Cov txheej insulating kis tau rau hauv daim ntawv txuas ntxiv, thaum mus rau ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm 10-15 cm. Nws hloov tawm ib hom pallet. Yog tias nws yog cov khoom siv dov, ces nws yog overlapped, txuas cov strips ua ke nrog cov nplaum nplaum. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, cov txheej txheej insulating tuaj yeem kho tau hauv qee qhov chaw nrog stapler rau cov cav thiab phab ntsa.
- Cov "lub thawv" tsim ntawm cov joists tam sim no tau ntim nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xaiv, thiab ntawm nws qhov chaw thiab ntug ntawm lub joist yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cua (kwv yees li 2 cm). Yog tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim ib qho counter-lattice. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lub tsheb ciav hlau raug ntsia hauv qhov siab ntawm 40 cmraws cov lags "nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo khaub lig" nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev taw qhia.
- Tam sim no koj yuav tsum nteg ib txheej ntawm waterproofing (iav los yog diffuse membrane) thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv tsis txhob ya raws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias lub txee-lattice tau tsim, ces txheej insulating yuav tsum nyob hauv qab nws.
- Ntawm cov kauj ruam kawg, nws tseem yuav kho cov plag tsev raws li cov cim. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntaub thaiv npog tau muab rov qab thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev ntau dhau raug txiav tawm raws nws ntug.
Qhov teeb meem nrog kev xaiv ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau hais txog ntawm theem kev tsim kho. Tab sis kev rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb hauv lub teb chaws hauv lub tsev tiav tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov lus qhia tau muab.
Rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev nrog lub cellar siab
Ntawm no, ua haujlwm yuav luag zoo ib yam li hauv cov tswv yim saum toj no, tab sis nrog qhov sib txawv uas nws tsis tas yuav rhuav tshem cov plag tsev.
Thiab qhov no qhov algorithm tsuas yog qhov rov qab:
- Siv lub stapler, txheej txheej waterproof yog txuas rau cov kab teeb ntawm sab ntawm lub tsev cellar. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, koj yuav tsum xub xyuas tag nrho cov ntoo ntsiab ntawm hauv pem teb rau kev ncaj ncees. Kho kab teeb raws li xav tau.
- Nyob hauv qab ntawm cov kab teeb, kev txhawb nqa bar lossis nyias slats txuas. Yog hais tias muaj dampness nyob rau hauv qab daus, ces yuav tsum tau siv ib tug galvanized profile. Cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum tuav tag nrho cov txheej txheem thermal rwb thaiv tsev.
- Cov rwb thaiv tsev xoob tsis siv rau hauv cov tswv yim no, yog li cov ntaub plaub raug xaiv. Nws yog txiav rau hauv daim, thaum lawv qhov dav yuav tsum yog 20-30 mm ntau tshaj li cov kauj ruam ntawmlag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv lub "lub hnab tshos" cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav nyob ze rau ntawm nws cov phab ntsa thiab yuav kho ib pliag. Ib tug neeg pab twb xav tau ntawm no: ib tug yuav tuav cov khoom, lwm tus yuav fasten lub rails.
- Ntxiv rau cov rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb hauv tsev ntoo, ib qho insulating membrane yog txuas los ntawm hauv qab nrog stapler.
- Cov Rooj Tswjhwm Saib Xyuas tau kho ntawm cov kab teeb los ua subfloor. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov laug cam yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam.
Tiv thaiv cov rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm kev nkag ntawm cov nas tsuag, koj tuaj yeem kho cov hlau mesh nrog cov hlwb me tshaj cov txheej txheem dej.
kev tiv thaiv ob
Nrog xws li cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb, qhov siab mus rau lub qab nthab yuav txo qis hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 12-20 cm. Qhov no yuav tsum tau muab coj los rau hauv tus account, thiab yog tias muaj kev tso cai, koj tuaj yeem mus ua haujlwm. Lub algorithm ntawm no yog:
- Tshem tawm cov ntaub thaiv npog, tom qab ntawd tshuaj xyuas cov plag tsev thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, kho. Tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb yog ntim nrog mounting ua npuas ncauj, sib tov ntawm sawdust thiab ntoo kua nplaum. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntawv muab tshuaj thiab cov ntaub ntub dej yuav ua haujlwm.
- Muab cov cav, cov kauj ruam ntawm lawv yuav tsum yog 60 txog 70 cm, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 90 cm.
- Ua ntej koj pib ua kom sov hauv pem teb hauv lub tebchaws, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov siab ntawm qhov lag luam nrog qib tsev. Yog tias dhau lawm, tshem tawm qhov dhau los nrog lub phiaj xwm, yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus, them nyiaj nrog cov kab hauv qab cov khoom siv vov tsev.
- Ib txheej txheej dej los yog vapor barrier yog pw nrog daim ntawv txuas ntxiv.
- "Lub thawv" nruab nrab ntawm cov lag luam tau ntim nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tau xaiv. Hauv qhov no, tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cua.
- Npog txhua yam nrog lwm txheej insulating.
- Plaub boards, plywood, GVLV lossis lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws los tsim cov pem teb tiav.
- Thaum kawg, cov ntaub hauv pem teb tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw.
Yog tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev so ntawm pawg (nrog rau kev dhuav thiab kev hloov kho cov ntsia hlau), ces tsis hais txog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab kev tiv thaiv nrog cua thaiv. Nws nyob sab nraum.
Insulation of the floor between floors in country house
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau insulate hauv pem teb ntawm cov plag tsev tsuas yog thaum qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw txheeb ze rau lub qab nthab sib txawv heev. Ntxiv mus, xws li ib tug txheej txheem kuj yuav ua tau rau lub qab nthab-hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev nrog ib tug attic pem teb. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm rwb thaiv tsev kuj nyob ntawm seb nws tau nruab li cas: cav lossis sib tshooj.
Cov kab ke ua haujlwm yog kwv yees li qub:
- Ib txheej ntawm vapor barrier khoom yog pw ntawm cov joists lossis hla cov slabs.
- Rwb thaiv tsev tau raug tso, thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm nws ntu. Kev sib tshooj seams qee zaum tso cai.
- Ib txheej txheej dej tsis muaj dej rau saum.
- Kev tsim kho hauv pem teb.
Yog lub tsev muaj lub tsev pheeb suab, uas yog siv feem ntau yog chav cia khoom (tsis yog nyob hauv tsev), ces yuav tsum tau muab cov qauv ua kom tsis muaj cua sov rau saum cov rwb thaiv tsev.
Kev xaiv ntawm rwb thaiv tsev
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau hauv pem teb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov tseem ceebSpecifications:
- qis thermal conductivity;
- lub teeb yuag;
- durability;
- moisture resistant;
- easy to process material.
Cov nyiaj siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev hauv lub teb chaws yog sawdust, av, moss, tab sis tam sim no lawv twb dhau los lawm, thiab cov kev xaiv niaj hnub thiab siv tau zoo dua tau siv los thaiv hauv pem teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, sawdust, txawm tias lawv pheej yig heev thiab yooj yim dua rau pawg, muaj qhov tsis zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm, lawv pib rot. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Nws kuj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias thaum xaiv cov ntaub plaub ntxhia los ua lub rhaub, lub thickness ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau pw yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 100 hli. Hais txog cov porous analogues, tus qauv yog me ntsis siab dua - los ntawm 100 mus rau 120 mm.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm, hom khoom no suav nrog:
- iav ntaub plaub;
- slagish;
- pob zeb wool.
Qhov loj ntawm iav ntaub plaub fibers me me: tsuas yog 5-15 microns tuab, thiab tsis pub tshaj 50 hli ntev. Ua tsaug rau cov qauv no, cov khoom siv muaj zog heev thiab elastic. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua hauj lwm nrog nws nrog ceev faj heev, vim tsis quav ntsej txog kev ruaj ntseg cov cai yog fraught nrog ntau yam teeb meem. Kev nqus cov iav plua plav tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws puas tsuaj loj, thiab thaum cov xov nyias nyias tawg, lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis qhov muag, uas kuj tsis zoo. Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus tswv ntawm suburban vaj tse nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev hauv lub teb chaws tseem nyiam qhov nokhoom.
Slag wool yog cov khoom siv nrog cov acidity seem. Qhov zoo no cuam tshuam rau cov hlau nto hauv cov chav uas muaj cov av noo siab. Cov khoom muaj peev xwm nqus tau noo noo zoo, tab sis nws yog qhov tsis yooj yim heev. Nws tsis pom zoo kom insulate lawv nrog cov qauv yas thiab hlau.
Tsis zoo li slag ntaub plaub, cov khoom siv pob zeb tsis prickly thiab yog li nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua los ua haujlwm nrog nws. Nws hom ntau tshaj plaws yog bas alt wool, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv siab tshaj plaws. Thiab qhov no yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntxhia thiab cov khoom sib txuas. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv yob lossis ntawv, nrog rau cov khoom ntim rau hauv mats. Yog tias koj sov nws mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj qhov kev tso cai, nws tsis hlawv, tab sis melts.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub plaub muaj xws li:
- High degree ntawm suab sib cais.
- Muaj.
- Durability.
- Cov nyhuv siab kawg ua ke nrog cov dej tsis zoo.
Nws yog dav siv ob qho tib si hauv kev tsim cov tsev tshiab thiab hauv chav kho mob. Tab sis qhov no yog deb ntawm cov khoom siv nkaus xwb uas tuaj yeem siv los thaiv hauv pem teb hauv lub tsev ntoo los ntawm hauv qab.
Nqe av nplaum
Cov khoom siv yog ib qho me me (li 50 mm), xim av. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj peb ntau yam nyob ntawm qhov ntev: granules, nplua gravel, xuab zeb.
Ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo, nws tsim nyog sau cia ib puag ncig kev huv, suab nrov thiab lub suab rwb thaiv tsev. RauTxhawm rau kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib txheej ntawm 50 cm. Nws tsis pom zoo kom sau nws nrog pob zeb lossis cement. Cov av nplaum nthuav dav tuaj yeem siv los thaiv cov plag tsev ntoo thiab pob zeb.
Penoplex
Cov khoom siv no muaj cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev siab, vim nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib yam ntawm nthuav polystyrene, los yog theej, nws extruded version. Hauv nws cov khoom, cov txheej txheem extrusion yog siv (foaming ua raws los ntawm nias rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb zoo).
Penoplex yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev rwb thaiv tsev hauv pem teb hauv lub tebchaws, thiab ntawm no yog vim li cas. Thaum kawg, cov khoom siv granular nrog cov hlwb tau txais (voids hauv lawv tau ntim nrog roj). Nrog rau qhov hnyav qis, penoplex tsis tso cai rau cov dej kom dhau mus thiab ntseeg tau khaws cov cua sov. Feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv nrog qhov dav ntawm 600 hli, thiab qhov ntev yuav yog 1200 hli lossis 2400 hli.
Raws rau nws lwm yam zoo, peb tuaj yeem hais txog cov pluses hauv qab no:
- Resistant pwm thiab mildew.
- Durability.
- Yooj yim rau nruab (txawm tias tsis xav tau kev paub).
- Resistance to deformation.
- Muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias.
Txawm li cas los xij, kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, ultraviolet rays muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom. Vim li no, ua kom tiav cov rwb thaiv tsev yog tsim nyog, thiab nws yuav tsum ua tam sim.
Ntxiv rau, nws yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum hlawv, nws tawm tsis tau tsuas yog cov pa taws, tab sis kujco toxins (hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen bromide, phosgene). Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv cov khoom no rau hauv pem teb rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.
